• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.1180-1190
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• 2020

Objective: To develop healthier comminuted meat products to meet consumer demand, the gel properties, rheological properties, microstructure and water distribution of pork meat batters formulated with various amounts of bamboo shoot dietary fiber (BSDF) were investigated. Methods: Different levels of BSDF (0% to 4%) were added to pork batters, and the pH, color, water-holding capacity, texture and rheological properties of pork batters were determined. Then, pork batters were analyzed for their microstructure and water distribution using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR). Results: Compared with the control, BSDF addition into meat batters showed a significant reduction in L^*-value and a significant increase in b^*-value (p<0.05). BSDF addition of up to 4% reduced the pH value of pork batters by approximately 0.15 units; however, the cooking loss and expressible water loss decreased significantly (p<0.05) with the increased addition of BSDF. The hardness and gel strength were noticeably enhanced (p<0.05) as the content of BSDF increased. The rheological results showed that BSDF added into pork batters produced higher storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G") values. The SEM images suggested that the addition of BSDF could promote pork batters to form a more uniform and compact microstructure. The proportion of immobilized water increased significantly (p<0.05), while the population of free water was decreased (p<0.05), indicating that BSDF improved the water-holding capability of pork batters by decreasing the fraction of free water. Conclusion: BSDF could improve the gel properties, rheological properties and water distribution of pork meat batters and decrease the proportion of free water, suggesting that BSDF has great potential as an effective binder in comminuted meat products.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

The utilization of non-woody fibers with the fast growing annual plants has occurred in the paper industry to replace wood and preserve environment of the earth. The non-woody fibers generally used for papermaking are paper mulberry, gampi, manila hemp, rice straw, bamboo, and coton linter etc.. Recently Kenaf has been spot-lighted for the same application. Kenaf is an annual plant of Hibiscus species of Malvaceae family. Kenaf, a rapid growing and high harvesting non-woody fiber plant, was identified as one of the promising fiber sources for the production of paper pulp. This study was carried out to investigate the pulping characteristics of Kenaf bast fiber for Hanji (traditional Korean paper) manufacturing by different pulping methods, such as alkali, alkali-peroxide and sulfomethylated pulpings. It was possible to make superior grade of Hanji. Especially sulfomethylated pulping was resulted in superior pulp in terms of higher yields and qualities in comparison to those of the other pulping methods. Hanji from sulfomethylated pulp was shown the highest brightness of over 60% and higher sheet strength. In addition, the morphological features of pulp fibers (pulp compositions) affect to the sheet properties. Therefore the effect of fiber distribution index(FDI) which was calculated from the data of Confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM) on the sheet properties of Kenaf Hanji was also discussed.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2005

Hwaseonji(Korean traditional paper) used for writing and painting has been made from the mulberry bast-fiber and the short-length fiber pulps, wood pulps. However, besides wood pulps, other short-length fiber pulps also can be used instead of wood pulps. Hence, this research was carried out to make the various Hwaseonjis with the different properties, using the five kinds of short-length fiber pulps respectively. The short-length fiber pulps used in this research were softwood bleached kraft pulp(SwBKP) hardwood bleached kraft pulp(HwBKP), rice-straw bleached sulfite pulp(RsBSP), bamboo bleached kraft pulp(BbBKP) and recycled pulp from vellem paper(RP). And, the mixture ratios of the mulberry bast-fiber pulp and short-length fiber pulps were 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60 and 20:80. After various Hwaseonjis were made from different mixtures mentioned above with hand-made method, physical properties and chinese ink blot property of each paper were measured. The strengthes were the highest in the Hwaseonji made from the mixture of the mulberry bast-fiber pulp and SwBKP. However, chinese ink blot property and smoothness were better when RsBSP, BbBKP or RP were mixed into the mulberry bast-fiber pulp. As a result, the various kinds of Hwaseonjis which the users can choose based on their needs were made.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.458-463
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• 2002

Carbon nanotubes were synthesized at various conditions using Ni-catalytic thermal chemical vapor deposition method and their characteristic properties were investigated by SEM, TEM and Raman spectroscopy. Carbon nanotubes were formed on very fine Ni-catalytic particles. The carbon nanotubes synthesized by thermal decomposition of acetylene at $700^{\circ}C$ had a coiled shape, while those synthesized at $850^{\circ}C$ showed a curved and Y-shape having a bamboo-like morphology. It was found that the carbon nanotube was also made on the fine Ni-catalytic particles formed on the surface of 100~400nm sized large ones after pretreatment with $NH_3$.ber composites show the high dielectric constant and large conduction loss which is increased with anisotropy of fiber arrangement. It is, therefore, proposed that the glass and carbon fiber composites can be used as the impedance transformer (surface layer) and microwave reflector, respectively. By inserting the foam core or honeycomb core (which can be treated as an air layer) between glass and carbon fiber composites, microwave absorption above 10 dB (90% absorbance) in 4-12 GHz can be obtained. The proposed fiber composites laminates with sandwitch structure have high potential as lightweight and high strength microwave absorbers.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 추계학술발표논문집
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• pp.89-96
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• 2006

To estimate the manufacturing district and generation of ancient paper as a cultural property, fiber orientation is one of the criteria. Image analysis using fast Fourier transform with suitable modifications was demonstrated to be an effective means to determine angle and intensity of fiber orientation as a nondestructive method. Binarization process of microscopic images of paper surface and precise calculation for average Fourier coefficients as an angular distribution by linear interpolation were newly introduced in the procedures to improve the accuracy. This analysis method was applied to digital optical micrographs of paper surfaces. Korea and Japanese traditional hand making papers were well distinguished. Korea and Japanese papers made in the traditional ways showed its own characteristic orientation behavior in accordance with the motion of a bamboo wire.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제22권6호통권96호
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• pp.869-874
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• 2006

댓잎 분말 첨가량(0%, 3.0%, 6.0%, 9.0%, 12.0%)을 달리하여 제조한 댓잎 절편의 품질특성과 관능적 품질특성을 평가하였다. 일반성분은 수분함량은 3.07${\pm}$0.12%, 조단백질 5.87${\pm}$0.02%, 조지방 2.52${\pm}$0.05%, 조 섬유 23.70${\pm}$0.07%, 조회분 7.73${\pm}$0.02%로 나타났다. 물성측정에서 견고성과 씹힘성은 댓잎분말 첨가량이 많을수록 증가하여 유의적으로 차이가 있었고(p<0.05), 응집성, 탄력성, 부착성은 댓잎 첨가량이 많을수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 색도에서 L값은 절편 제조시 첨가한 댓잎 분말 양이 많을수록 유의적으로 감소하였고, 적색도를 나타내는 a값의 경우 음의 값으로 녹색을 나타내었고 각 첨가군에서 유의적인 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 한편 황색도를 나타내는 b값의 경우 대조구의 경우 1.42로 가장 낮게 나타났고, 6% 댓잎 절편이 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 관능적 특성검사는 색, 향, 맛, 씹힘성에서 모두 댓잎양이 많을수록 특성 강도를 강하다고 평가하였고, 부드러움, 촉촉함은 반대로 평가되었다. 전반적인 기호도는 6.0% 첨가군이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 절편에 댓잎 분말을 사용함으로써 댓잎의 약리성분과 더불어 섬유소의 섭취로 여러 건강적 이점으로 건강 기능성 상품개발이 가능할 것으로 예상된다. 앞으로 댓잎을 이용한 색소개발과 많은 가공식품에 적용, 신제품 개발 등 다양한 연구가 행해져야 할 것이다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.517-526
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• 2011

죽엽분말을 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% 첨가한 후 일반성분 및 반죽특성을 측정한 결과에서 일반성분은 생죽엽의 수분함량은 44.38%였으며 조단백 함량은 6.71%, 조지방 2.61%, 조섬유 함량은 16.42%, 조회분 함량은 8.47%로 나타났고, 죽엽분말의 수분함량은 5.15%, 조단백질은 10.48%, 조지방 5.21%, 조섬유 22.74%, 조회분 17.63%로 나타났다. Falling number는 2% 일 때 $469{\pm}1.13$ 분으로 가장 높았으며 첨가량의 증가에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 호화도는 초기호화온도는 차이가 크지 않았으며, 최고점도는 6% 첨가가 283 RVU로 가장 높았고, 죽엽 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였고, Farinogram 특성 값은 반죽의 consistency의 경우 죽엽분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 반죽의 점탄성이 증가하였다. 반죽의 수분흡수율은 대조구보다 높은 흡수율을 나타내었다. 반죽의 안정도는 대조구에 비해 안정도가 증가하였으나, 첨가량이 증가할수록 다시 감소하였다. Alveogram의 $P_{max}$값은 첨가비율이 증가할수록 증가하였고, L (mm)값은 죽엽 분말 첨가 시 증가 후 감소하는 경향을 보였는데 farinogarm의 점탄성, 흡수율, 흡수 시간 및 안정도와 같은 경향을 보였다. Rheofermentometer 측정은 $T_1$값의 경우 모두 동일한 값을 나타내었으며, $H_m$값은 대조구와 2% 첨가구는 3.3 min로 동일하였으나 2% 이상에서는 $H_m$값이 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며 h값과 동일한 결과를 보였으며, gaseous releases의 경우 $H'_m$은 8% 첨가구에서는 34.7 mm로 가장 낮게 나타났고, $T_1$의 경우 죽엽 분말 첨가구가 최대 팽창 높이까지 걸리는 시간이 증가하였다. Total volume과 $CO_2$ lost volume은 죽엽 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 부피가 줄어들었으나 죽엽 분말 4% 까지는 큰 차이가 나지 않아 2%, 4% 정도 까지 첨가하여도 무리가 없음을 예측 할 수 있었다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.60-63
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• 2016

The study is a pioneering effort to determine the mineral, nutritional, and phytochemical composition and phenolic content and to determine the free radical scavenging activity of Gigantochloa levis (Blanco) Merr, a native bamboo species (locally known as "bolo") in the Philippines. Proximate analysis showed that air-dried G. levis leaves contain 15.8% ash, 22.6% crude protein, 1.2% crude fat, 29.3% crude fiber, and 19.7% total sugar. Phytochemical tests indicated the presence of diterpenes, triterpenes, saponins, phenols, tannins, and flavonoids in both the ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts, while phytosterols were only detected in the ethanolic extract. Folin-Ciocalteu assay determined the total phenolic content in gallic acid equivalents (GAE) to be $85.86{\pm}3.71$ and $32.32{\pm}1.01mg\;GAE/100g$ dried sample for the ethanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. The total phenolic content in quercetin equivalents (QE) was $74.44{\pm}3.11$ and $29.43{\pm}0.85mg\;QE/100g$ dried sample for the ethanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. The radical scavenging activity of the different solvent fractions containing varying concentrations of the extract was determined using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The ethyl acetate and 1-butanol fractions were found to have the highest radical scavenging activity. Mineral analysis via Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry (EDS) of the ash of G. levis leaves showed that Si is the major component, followed by K and Mg. These results point to the potential of G. levis leaves as a source of minerals and bioactive compounds with medicinal value.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국문화재보존과학회 2006년도 제24회 학술대회발표 논문집
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• pp.11-15
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• 2006

This work aims to clarify the character and selection of repair papers, based on fibre orientation information of paper cultural properties under restoration; using nondestructive image analysis applied to micrographs of paper surfaces. Image analysis using fast Fourier transform with suitable modifications was demonstrated to be an effective means to determine angle and intensity of fiber orientation as a nondestructive method. In the case of contemporary repair papers, the Japanese handmade paper exhibited a high anisotropy value, while the Korean handmade papers exhibited low anisotropy values. Korea and Japanese traditional hand making papers were well distinguished. Korea and Japanese papers made in the traditional ways showed its own characteristic orientation behavior in accordance with the motion of a bamboo wire.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.14-23
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• 1987

This study was carried out to investigate the anatomical characteristics, the radial and axial variation of the cell dimension and bulk density for four bamboo species used as the major material of bamboo products in Korea; Phyllostachys(P.bambusoides, P.edulis, P.nigra var.henonis, and Pnigra). The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1) In the outer part of culm, the mophological difference of cell diameter and distribution were not acknowledged. However, gum-like substance was occurred In the epidermis, hypodermis, cortex and metaxylem vessel of P.nigra, while it was occured only in the metaxylem vessel of P.edulis. 2) The protoxylem vessel in the central zone of culm-wall could be in the two types; the first type consisted of 4-5 small cell pieces occurred in P.edulis and P.nigra var. henonis, the second type of 1-2 large cell pieces in P.bambusoides and P.nigra. And transition of cell diameter from the vascular bundle sheath to the ground tissue was gradually enlarged in P.nigra and P.edulis but abruptly in P.bambusoides and P.nigra var. henonis. 3) Thin-wall tyloses were well developed in the outer and central zone of culm-wall in four species. 4) Compared with the central part of culm-wall, the number of parenchyma cells and the amount of the vascular bundle sheaths per unit area were a few in the inner part. The inner part nearest to the pith cavity was consisted of thick-well parenchyma cell. 5) The dimensional variations of metaxylem vessel and parenchyma cell in the radial direction were decreased from the inner part to the epidermis in all species observed. 6) The fiber length was the maximum in the central zone and its diameter was increased from the inner part to the outer part. In the axial variation. fiber length was slightly increased from the base and then decresed slowly toward the top, and its diameter was reverse. 7) The axial variation of the bulk density was continuously increased from the base toward the top and its radial variation was rapidly increased from the inner part to the epidermis.