• KSBB Journal
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2017

Bamboo leaf has many nutritional and bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, and it can be used for various foods application. Fermentation is one of appropriate processes that can affect the nutrition, taste and flavor, and antioxidant activities of foods. In this study, a representative domestic bamboo tree (Sasa coreana Nakai) leaves were fermented by Bacillus subtilis KCCM 11315 and the changes of carbohydrates, minerals, amino acids, and phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities were investigated before and after fermentation. During the fermentation period, firstly, the leaf was softened and turned to brown. The constituent carbohydrates were slightly increased from $432.09{\pm}5.38mg/g$ to $458.42{\pm}7.39mg/g$, and free sugars decreased by 95% from $28.12{\pm}2.03mg/g$ to $1.4{\pm}0.14mg/g$. Mineral was $20987.5{\pm}345.1{\mu}g/mL$, which was slightly increased after the fermentation compared to $20804.1{\pm}364.6{\mu}g/mL$ before that. The total amino acids were increased to $73881.94{\pm}137.59mg/100g$ compared to $58464.51{\pm}109.12mg/100g$ before fermentation, and free amino acids decreased by more than 85% from $32782.67{\pm}92.49mg/100g$ to $4827.83{\pm}19.76mg/100g$. Total polyphenols content (TPC) increased from $25.51{\pm}1.04GAE^*mg/g$ to $35.34{\pm}0.91GAE^*mg/g$, and the total flavonoid content (TFC) increased to $80.57{\pm}0.22QE^*mg/g$ compared to $69.64{\pm}0.26QE^*mg/g$. The total catechin content (TCC) of TFC was decreased from $69.64{\pm}0.94mg/L$ to $58.23{\pm}0.76mg/L$. The DPPH radical $IC_{50}$ of bamboo leaves decreased to $2624.85{\pm}37.03{\mu}g/mL$ and the ABTS radical $IC_{50}$ of $187.26{\pm}4.78{\mu}g/mL$ was increased after the fermentation. These results could be used as essential nutritional data before developing processed food products using the bamboo leaf.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 1998

An investigation was conducted to ascertain the basic information on characteristics of growth and morphological characters among the Korean (Panax. ginseng), the American (Panax. quinquefolium) and the Bamboo (Panax. japonicus) ginseng. In aerial parts growth of the ginseng species by age, The Korean ginseng and American ginseng's stem and leaf growth was alike in 2-4 years old, but growth cycle changed in 6 years old. The Korean ginseng was more vigorous than the American ginseng. The Korean ginseng roots were highly observed in ratio of red skin roots among three species, whereas The American ginseng roots were highly infected by root rot. It seems to be variable depending on growing stage and species. The Korean ginseng flowered about the middle of May, the American ginseng early June, and the Bamboo ginseng was late of May, The berry color of the ginseng species was observed, The Korean and American ginseng's mature berry color was red, The Bamboo ginseng's berry was three type of color and shape. In root characteristics of the seedling, Korean (p. ginseng), American (p. quinquefolium) ginseng's root shape was similarity in type, the bamboo ginseng showed different type, which root length and root weight was smaller than those of ginseng. In morphological characters of Leaf surface, pollen, and stoma, the Korean ginseng and American ginseng had crystal rosette on epidermis cell, but the Bamboo ginseng didn't has crystal rosette. Pollen shape observed tricolpate pollen and size was media type among the ginseng species, and also guard cell was anomocytic type, which were observed by scanning electronic microscope.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.517-526
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• 2011

죽엽분말을 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% 첨가한 후 일반성분 및 반죽특성을 측정한 결과에서 일반성분은 생죽엽의 수분함량은 44.38%였으며 조단백 함량은 6.71%, 조지방 2.61%, 조섬유 함량은 16.42%, 조회분 함량은 8.47%로 나타났고, 죽엽분말의 수분함량은 5.15%, 조단백질은 10.48%, 조지방 5.21%, 조섬유 22.74%, 조회분 17.63%로 나타났다. Falling number는 2% 일 때 $469{\pm}1.13$ 분으로 가장 높았으며 첨가량의 증가에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 호화도는 초기호화온도는 차이가 크지 않았으며, 최고점도는 6% 첨가가 283 RVU로 가장 높았고, 죽엽 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였고, Farinogram 특성 값은 반죽의 consistency의 경우 죽엽분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 반죽의 점탄성이 증가하였다. 반죽의 수분흡수율은 대조구보다 높은 흡수율을 나타내었다. 반죽의 안정도는 대조구에 비해 안정도가 증가하였으나, 첨가량이 증가할수록 다시 감소하였다. Alveogram의 $P_{max}$값은 첨가비율이 증가할수록 증가하였고, L (mm)값은 죽엽 분말 첨가 시 증가 후 감소하는 경향을 보였는데 farinogarm의 점탄성, 흡수율, 흡수 시간 및 안정도와 같은 경향을 보였다. Rheofermentometer 측정은 $T_1$값의 경우 모두 동일한 값을 나타내었으며, $H_m$값은 대조구와 2% 첨가구는 3.3 min로 동일하였으나 2% 이상에서는 $H_m$값이 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며 h값과 동일한 결과를 보였으며, gaseous releases의 경우 $H'_m$은 8% 첨가구에서는 34.7 mm로 가장 낮게 나타났고, $T_1$의 경우 죽엽 분말 첨가구가 최대 팽창 높이까지 걸리는 시간이 증가하였다. Total volume과 $CO_2$ lost volume은 죽엽 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 부피가 줄어들었으나 죽엽 분말 4% 까지는 큰 차이가 나지 않아 2%, 4% 정도 까지 첨가하여도 무리가 없음을 예측 할 수 있었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제106권4호
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• pp.388-396
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• 2017

본 연구는 약 40년 전 식재된 왕대와 솜대를 대상으로 지상부 바이오매스의 기관별 양분 분포를 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 대나무 줄기, 가지, 잎에 양분 분포 비교를 위해 왕대 및 솜대 각 14본(당년생과 다년생 각 7본)을 선정하여 벌채하고 양분 분석을 실시하였다. 대나무 줄기, 가지, 잎에 양분 농도(concentration) 중 마그네슘은 솜대에 비해 왕대가 높았으며, 질소, 인, 칼륨은 당년생 대나무가 다년생 대나무에 비해 유의적으로 높은 농도를 보였다. 양분 농도의 크기는 잎에 경우 탄소 > 칼륨 >= 질소 > 인 >= 칼슘 >= 마그네슘 순이었다. 줄기, 가지, 잎에 저장된 총 양분 함량(content)의 경우 왕대가 솜대에 비해 높아, 왕대가 솜대에 비해 양분 요구량이 크게 나타났다. 지상부 바이오매스의 양분 함량 크기는 왕대와 솜대 모두 탄소 > 칼륨 > 질소 > 인 > 칼슘 >= 마그네슘 순으로 두 대나무가 같은 경향을 보였다. 본 연구 결과에 따르면, 유사한 입지에 생육하는 왕대와 솜대의 경우 양분 함량에 차이를 보였으며, 양분 요구량은 왕대가 솜대에 비해 높게 나타났다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2013

Bamboo leaves (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex J. Houz (Poacea)) have a long history of food and medical applications in Asia, including Japan and Korea. They have been used as a traditional medicine for centuries. We investigated the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of a bamboo leaf extract (BLE) on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$)-induced monocyte adhesion in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Exposure of HUVECs to BLE did not inhibit cell viability or cause morphological changes at concentrations ranging from 1 ${\mu}g/ml$ to 1 mg/ml. Treatment with 0.1 mg/ml BLE caused 63% inhibition of monocyte adhesion in TNF-${\alpha}$-activated HUVECs, which was associated with 38.4% suppression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression. Furthermore, TNF-${\alpha}$-induced reactive oxygen species generation was decreased to 47.9% in BLE treated TNF-${\alpha}$-activated HUVECs. BLE (0.05 mg/ml) also caused about 50% inhibition of interleukin-6 secretion from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocyte. The results indicate that BLE may be clinically useful as an anti-inflammatory or anti-oxidant for human cardiovascular disease including atherosclerosis.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.459-468
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of bamboo(Idae) leaves on the taste and preservation of Dongchimi. Dongchimi was prepared by the method described in the literatures and fermented at 10$^{\circ}C$ for 75 days. The amounts of bamboo leaves used to cover the Donchimi was 1, 3, 5 and 7% of radish weight. Total vitamin C content increased gradually in the initial stage of the fermentation periods, and then it decreased gradually. Regardless of the amount of bamboo leves, the reducing sugar content increased gradually from the initial stage of fermentation increased rapidly after 8 days of fermentation. As the amount of bamboo leaves increased, the reducing sugar content was retained longer, which reflected the retardation of Dongchimi fermentation. The free amino acid contents in all of the Dongchimi samples were in order of arginine > glutaric acid > aspartic acid > alanine at the initial period of fermentation, but the order changed to arginine > alanine > glutamic acid > valine as fermentation proceeded over 23 days. Among the five non-volatile organic acids identified, the levels of malic acid and citric acid were decreased during fermentation, while those of lactic acid, fumaric acid, and succinic acid were increased. There was a significant increase in lactic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, and citric acid contents during fermentation. The content of water soluble pectin(WSP) was higher than other pectins at the initial stages, but the content of WSP decreased as fermentation proceeded.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제111권1호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2022

In bamboo, the nutrient status of tissues and associated soil is an important indicator of nutrient uptake by various bamboo species. In this study, the nutrient concentrations of leaves, roots, and mineral soil at 0-10 cm depths were examined in three bamboo stands [Phyllostachys bambusoides S ieb. et Zucc, Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis Stapf ex. Rendle, and Phyllostachys pubescens (Mazel) Ohwi] at a broad regional scale in southern Korea. In the three bamboo species, species-specific differences were observed in the carbon (C) and calcium (Ca) concentrations of leaves and in the nitrogen (N) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations of roots. Ca concentrations in leaves were significantly higher in P. bambusoides (11.94 g Ca kg^-1) than in P. pubescens (7.83 g Ca kg^-1), whereas potassium (K) concentrations were lowest in P. bambusoides among the three bamboo species. N concentrations in the roots were significantly lower in P. pubescens (5.23 g N kg^-1) than in P. nigra var. henonis (7.72 g N kg^-1). In contrast to bamboo tissues, soil nutrients, such as total N, organic C, exchangeable Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺, did not differ significantly among the bamboo species. These results suggest that species-specific practices will be required for nutrient management of bamboo stands because nutrient concentrations vary considerably in the tissues of the three studied species.

• 식품산업과 영양
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2004

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2014

Objectives : Anti-obesity drugs that have been developed so far have limited efficacies and considerable adverse effects affecting tolerability and safety. Therefore, most anti-obesity durgs have been withdrawn. We tried to develop anti-obesity agent by combinations from herbs that are used in food ingredients as well as in traditional medicines. Methods : The 80% (v/v) ethanol extracts from Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescence) leaf (BL) and Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) and their 1:1 combination (BLSB) was evaluated on high fat diet induced obese mice compared to Omega-3 as a positive control. The mice were divided into six groups (n=5), one group fed a normal diet (ND), and the others fed a high fat diets for eight weeks. Two weeks after starting feeding the diets, the high fat diet groups were orally administered vehicle and Omega-3, BL, SB, and BLSB at dosage of 200 mg/kg/day for six weeks. All groups were assayed for body weights, food efficiency ratio, blood biochemistry parameters, and organic tissue weights. Results : BLSB group showed significant reductions in body weight gain and fat weights of liver and epididymal adipose tissue compared to BL or SB alone as well as control. Total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels significantly decreased, and HDL-cholesterol level increased. In liver tissue, macrovesicular steaotisis was remarkably improved and its fat cell size was also significantly decreased. Conclusions : These results suggested that a combination preparation of bamboo leaf and S. baicalensis has anti-obesity effect and have synergistic effect compared to bamboo leaf or S. baicalesis.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2011

To evaluate the ability of Bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra var. henenis Strapf) leaf extract (BL) to protect the skin from photodamage, the gross and microscopic changes in the skin of hairless mice and BL-treated mice exposed chronically to ultraviolet (UV) were examined. The skin of the UV-irradiated mice showed characteristic signs of photoaging, such as deep wrinkles across the back, increased epidermal thickeness, numerous cell infiltration, and many enlarged keratinizing cysts. BL-treated mice showed a significantly decreased wrinkling score and lack of proliferation of cysts. By the 22nd week, 88.9% (i.p. with saline) or 60.0% (topical administration with cream base) of the UV-irradiated mice developed at least one tumor. BL delayed tumor onset significantly. BL (i.p.) was also effective in reducing the occurrence of UV radiation-induced skin tumors and reduced the number of tumors per mouse. After 22 weeks of treatment, 37.5% (i.p.) of the mice treated with BL were tumor-free. Tumor multiplicity was reduced by 81.2% (i.p.) in the BL treated groups. It is noted that skin that is chronically exposed to UV is subject to photoaging and photocarcinogenesis and regular use of BL would prevent these photodamaging effects of UV.