• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.361-368
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to develop a hand rehabilitation training system for hemiplegic patients. We also tried to find out five hand postures (WF: Wrist Flexion, WE: Wrist Extension, BG: Ball Grip, HG: Hook Grip, RE: Rest) in real-time using multi-channel EMG-based deep learning. We performed a pre-processing method that converts to Spider Chart image data for the classification of hand movement from five test subjects (total 1,500 data sets) using Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) deep learning with an 8-channel armband. As a result of this study, the recognition accuracy was 92% for WF, 94% for WE, 76% for BG, 82% for HG, and 88% for RE. Also, ten physical therapists participated for the usability evaluation. The questionnaire consisted of 7 items of acceptance, interest, and satisfaction, and the mean and standard deviation were calculated by dividing each into a 5-point scale. As a result, high scores were obtained in immersion and interest in game (4.6±0.43), convenience of the device (4.9±0.30), and satisfaction after treatment (4.1±0.48). On the other hand, Conformity of intention for treatment (3.90±0.49) was relatively low. This is thought to be because the game play may be difficult depending on the degree of spasticity of the hemiplegic patient, and compensation may occur in patient with weakened target muscles. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a rehabilitation program suitable for the degree of disability of the patient.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2021

Background and objective: Urban topology can be characterized as impervious, which changes the hydrologic features of an area, increasing surface water flow during local heavy rain events. The pluvial flooding is also influenced by the vertical structures of the urban area. This study suggested a modified digital elevation model (DEM) to identify changes in urban hydrological conditions and segmentalized urban micro catchment areas using a geographical information system (GIS). Methods: This study suggests using a modified DEM creation process based on Rolling Ball Method concepts along with a GIS program. This method proposes adding realized urban vertical data to normal DEM data and simulating hydrological analyses based on RBM concepts. The most important aspect is the combination of the DEM with polygon data, which includes urban vertical data in three datasets: the contour polyline, the locations of buildings and roads, and the elevation point data from the DEM. DEM without vertical data (DCA) were compared with the DEM including vertical data (VCA) to analyze catchment areas in Shin-wol district, Seoul, Korea. Results: The DCA had 136 catchments, and the area of each catchment ranged from 3,406 m² to 423,449 m². The VCA had 2,963 catchments, with the area of each ranging from 50 m² to 16,209 m². The most important finding is that in the overlapped VCA; the boundary of areas directly affected by flooding and the direction of surface water flow could be identified. Flooding data from September 21, 2010 and July 27, 2011 in the Shin-wol district were applied as ground reference data. The finding is that in the overlapped VCA; the boundary of areas directly affected by flooding and the direction of surface water flow could be identified. Conclusion: The analysis of the area vulnerable to surface water flooding (SWF) was more accurately determined using the VCA than using the DCA.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.533-537
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• 2003

Compared to sintered polycrystalline diamond (PCD), the deposited thin film diamond has a great advantage on the fabrication of cutting tools with complex geometries such as drills. Because of high performance in high speed machining non-ferrous difficult-to-cut materials in the field of automobiles industry, aeronautics and astronautics industry, diamond-coated drills find large potentialities in commercial applications. However, the poor adhesion of the diamond film on the substrate and high surface roughness of the drill flute adversely affect the tool lift and machining quality and they become the main technical barriers for the successful development and commercialization of diamond-coated drills. In this paper, diamond thin films were deposited on the commercial WC-Co based drills by the electron aided hot filament chemical vapor deposition (EACVD). A new multiple coating technology based on changing gas pressure in different process stages was developed. The large triangular faceted diamond grains may have great contribution to the adhesive strength between the film and the substrate, and the overlapping ball like blocks consisted of nanometer sized diamond crystals may contribute much to the very low roughness of diamond film. Adhesive strength and quality of diamond film were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), Raman spectrum and drilling experiments. The ring-block tribological experiments were also conducted and the results revealed that the friction coefficient increased with the surface roughness of the diamond film. From a practical viewpoint, the cutting performances of diamond-coated drills were studied by drilling the SiC particles reinforced aluminum-matrix composite. The good adhesive strength and low surface roughness of flute were proved to be beneficial to the good chip evacuation and the decrease of thrust and consequently led to a prolonged tool lift and an improved machining quality. The wear mechanism of diamond-coated drills is the abrasive mechanical attrition.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2014

There have not been many studies conducted on the seedling production, especially in plug trays, of traditional medicinal plant species. In an effort to establish guide lines for seedling production, this study investigated the effect of plug cell size on the growth and development of plug seedling of three medicinal plant species. Seeds were sown in either 128, 200, or 288-cell plug trays, containing a commercial medium. Growth and development of individual seedling was generally promoted with increasing size of a plug cell in all of the three species. The greatest biomass of the seedlings gained in a plug tray was obtained in the 288-cell trays in Perilla frutescens var. acuta Kudo and Sophora tonkinensis, and the 200-cell trays in Angelica gigas Nakai. Overall growth and development of the shoot and root of a single seedling of Perilla frutescens var. acuta Kudo, except total chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents, was the greatest in the 128-cell tray. However, length of the longest root, length, width and area of the leaf, internode length, root fresh weight, and root ball formation in the 200- and 288-cell trays were not significantly different each other. In Sophora tonkinensis, although length of the longest root, stem diameter, leaf width, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, and root ball formation were not significantly different among the treatments, length of the longest root and root ball formation of a single seedling were the greatest in the 128-cell tray. Overall shoot and root growth, except total chlorophyll content, of a single seedling of Angelica gigas Nakai was the greatest in the 128-cell tray. Based on the total biomass, it is concluded that 288-cell trays are recommended for production of plug seedlings of medicinal plant species P. frutescens var. acuta Kudo and S. tonkinensis. In A. gigas Nakai, it would be more economical to use the 200-cell trays than 128-cell trays due to total biomass.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.642-649
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• 2021

Energy saving standard for buildings are strengthened, the application of exterior insulation finishing system and thickness of insulation materials are increasing. Most buildings with exterior insulation finishing system is applied organic insulating material. Organic insulating material have workability, economic feasibility, reduction in construction cost, and excellent thermal insulation performance. However, Organic insulating material is very vulnerable to heat, so when a fire occurs, rapid fire spread and toxic gas are generated, causing many casualties. Inorganic insulating material can be non-combustible performance, but it is heavy and has low thermal insulation performance. Mineral wool has higher thermal insulation performance than other types of inorganic insulating material, but mineral wool is disadvantageous to workability and vulnerable to moisture. Glass bubble are highly resistant to water and chemically stable substances. In addition, the density of the glass bubble is very low and the particles are spherical, fluidity is improved by the ball bearing effect. Glass bubbles can be used with cement-based ino rganic insulating material to impro ve the weight and thermal insulatio n perfo rmance o f cement-based inorganic insulation. This study produced a inorganic insulating materials were manufactured using cement-based materials and glass bubble. In order to evaluate the insulation performance and flame retardant performance of cement-based super light-weight inorganic insulating materials using with glass bubble, insulation performance or flame retardant and non-combustible performance were evaluated after manufacturing insulating materials using micro cement and two types of glass bubbles. From the test result, Increasing the mixing ratio of glass bubbles improved the insulation performance of cement-based super light-weight inorganic insulating materials, and when the mixing ratio of glass bubbles was 10%, it sho wed sufficient flame retardant and no n-co mbustible perfo rmance.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.597-605
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• 2019

In order to improve the adhesion of water-based adhesive, gemini type nonionic reactive surfactants were synthesized and applied to water-based adhesives. The surfactants were synthesized by using maleic acid and polyoxyethylene cetyl ether having different length of ethylene oxide and confirmed by FT-IR and $^1H-NMR$. Their appearance was light yellow wax. The cloud point of the compound was more than $78^{\circ}C$. The measured critical micelle concentration (c.m.c) was $1.0{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}7.0{\times}10^{-4}mol/L$ and surface tension at c.m.c was 25.9~32.0 mN/m. As the number of ethylene oxide increased, the emulsifying power was improved. The foaming height of each compound by Ross-Miles method was 1.4~4.5 cm. The synthesized surfactants was then used as an emulsifier in emulsion polymerization of water-based adhesives and its physical properties were evaluated. The solid contents of prepared adhesives was 59%. The average particle size and initial tackiness of the prepared adhesives were 164~297 nm and ball no. of 20~32, respectively. The peel strength was $1.8{\sim}2.1kg_f/mm$. The retention rate of adhesives viscosity was evaluated to 99% during 30 days. Therefore, synthesized gemini type nonionic reactive surfactants are expected to be applied as an emulsifier for the high adhesive force.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.223-235
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• 1992

1. There were 21 kinds foods and preservation of beef and the number of dishes were 346 in the literatures written before 1943. 2.Soup(羹) was appeared first, and followed by dried beef(肉脯), steamed(蒸), sliced of boiled beef(熟肉과 片肉), preservation(貯臟), pan broiled beef(濕熱炒), salted beef(肉醬), raw beef(膾), shish kebab(算炙), roasted with seasoning(炙), beef with vegetables cooked in pan(煎鐵), calf`s-hoof jelly(gelatin)(足片), jaban(佐飯), hardboiled beef(boiled in soy sauce), ravioli (饅頭), beef juice(肉汁), thick broth(heavy soup, 助致), grilled beef (煎油魚), mix with the season(muchim), sun(膳) and gruel(粥). 3.The total of 14 different names of soup were found in the literatures which are Yang tang(stomach soup), Dunggol tang(marrow soup), Dogol tang(medulla soup), Sungi kuk(ox-blood soup), Sogogi kuk(beef soup), Gom kuk(bone attached beef and organs soup), Jap tang(bone attached beef, organs and tough beef soup), Yukgaejang(fresh beef, organs and green onion soup), Joujeo tang(foot starched soup), Jok tang(foot soup), Kori tang(ox-tail soup), Kalbi tang(rib soup), Malgun jangkuk(clear soup), Wan ja tang(beef ball soup). 4.The number of staple ingredient were Tripe and fresh meat among 26 kinds of major ingredient, radish, wheat flour, egg among 21 kinds of miner ingredient black pepper, soy sauce and seasame among 22 kinds of seasonings, and Thin layer-fried egg among 9 kinds of decorating ingredient were used commonly in cooking for soup.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.238-243
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• 2005

Mg and Mg-based alloys are most important hydrogen storage materials. It is a lightweight and low-cost materials with high hydrogen storage capacity. However, the formation of hydride at high temperature, the deterioration effect, the hydriding and dehydriding kinetics are bad factor for application. In this study, Mg and Ni have been produced by hydrogen induced mechanical alloying(HIMA) process. The raw materials, Mg(purity 99.9%) chip and Ni(purity 99.95%) chip was prepared by using a planetary ball mill apparatus(FRITSCH pulverisette 5). The balls to chips mass ratio(BCR) are 30:1. The hydrogen pressure induced 2.0MPa and milling times were 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 hours with a rotating speed of 200rpm. X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis was made to characterize the crystallite size and misfit strain. The crystallite size measured by laser particle size analysis(PSA). Microstructure changes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and the transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The hydrogen storage properties were evaluated by using an Sivert's type automatic pressure-composition-therm(PCT) apparatus.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.567-574
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• 2011

In this paper, we have designed and implemented a commercial web system for the future which resolves the necessary security and compatibility to the existing issues in various fields such as theater or the ball park that tickets are issued. The system presents the OTP (One Time Password) system using the mobile in order for defense in the bypass hacking technique such as screen hacking and for greater security. Also, we presents a smart ticketing system that improve the existing responsive hybrid web. It uses Non-ActiveX System which solve compatible problems with present systems that don't use ActiveX. Also, it is available in a variety of environments and equipment. In addition, the system provides an intelligent screen switching systems using the characteristics of mobile devices, an automatic discount system, and a venue information system which shows the shortest distance to the venue considering the commercial portion.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 2013

Hexapod walking robots are superior to biped or quadruped ones in terms of walking stability. Therefore hexapod robots have the advantage in performing intelligent tasks based on walking stability. In this paper, we propose a hexapod robot that has one fore leg, one hind leg, two left legs, and two right legs and can perform various intelligent tasks. We build the robot by using 26 motors and implement a controller which consists of a host PC, a DSP main controller, an AVR auxiliary controller, and smart phone/pad. We show by several experiments that the implemented robot can perform various intelligent tasks such as uneven surface walking, tracking and kicking a ball, remote control and 3D monitoring by using data obtained from stereo camera, infrared sensors, ultra sound sensors, and contact sensors.