• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: Entomopathogenic fungi have been studied to develop for biological control agents as an alternative to chemical control agents in insect pest management. This investigated to determine the optimal culture conditions in ceramic balls for maximal sporulation of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana M130 by use rice bran extract.METHODS AND RESULTS: METHODS AND RESULTS: A culture of entomopathogenic fungi for 12day on rice bran extract(1:8, w/v) incubated in ceramic matrix at 28℃. Natural zeolite ceramic ball was high production of 4.2×108 conidial/mL. The culture condition optimized initial pH, temperature, rice bran extract concentration, adhesives substance and concentration of NaCl, respectively. The high production of spore optimal conditions were temperature 28℃, initial pH 3, rice bran extract 3 mL, starch 33 g, 5 % NaCl and sopre suspension 7 mL, respectively.CONCLUSION: This study was carried out for the mass production of entomopathogenic fungi conidia recover rate 65% in matrix of natural zeolite ceramic ball, and to develop ingredient-used formulation of Beauveria bassiana M130 conidia for biological control agents.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.7
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• pp.987-993
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• 2014

Pitching machines have been around for many years for casual amusement purpose or professional athletes' training usage, and so forth. The current pitching machines are usually built on the firm ground and do not have any mobility function. In this paper, we develop a pitching machine that has both ball-shooting and mobility functions. Our developed pitching machine consists of two parts. The upper body part has a function of shooting a ball using two DC motors and the lower body part has a function of mobility like mobile robots by using two wheels governed by DC motors. All these functions are operated wirelessly by Android smartphones via bluetooth. The control of each DC motor is done by ${\epsilon}$-PID control method in which the gain tuning is simplied by using a single parameter ${\epsilon}$. Simulation and actual experiment show that our developed pitching machine has both nontrivial shooting and mobility features.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.11c
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• pp.965-967
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• 2003

Fuzzy Controller is a system that displays a person's thoughts using membership function and IF-THEN rules. With the help of specialists' knowledge, rule bases can be explained in easy language. Furthermore Fuzzy Controller has strong resistance against turbulence. Its performance is especially prominent when targets cannot be measured in mathematic methods because the fuzzy controller can measure the output using only the relations between the input and output. With the increasing influence of multimedia on our daily lives, vision plays bigger role both in industries and personal lives. Like wise vision is being used in many areas such as detecting and identifying objects. It is difficult to detect and control targets because there is a delay in the calculating when using vision in detecting and controlling objects in large quantity. In this paper we showed how to use fuzzy controller in minimizing the calculation process, controlling target objects and moving view window instead of applying input variation through vision. Ball beam, which has strong nonlinear, was used as the target object and DSP320C6711 IDK by TI(Texas Instruments) company was for the benefit of speedy calculation and vision data operation.

• Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.949-952
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• 2019

The effects of different types of process control agents (PCA) on the microstructure evolution of Ni-based oxide dispersion-strengthened superalloy have been investigated. Alloy synthesis was performed on elemental powders having a nominal composition of Ni-15Cr-4.5Al-4W-2.5Ti-2Mo-2Ta-0.15Zr-1.1Y₂O₃ in wt % using high energy ball milling for 5 h. The prepared powders are consolidated by spark plasma sintering at 1000℃. Results indicated that the powder ball-milled with ethanol as PCA showed large particle size, low carbon content and homogeneous distribution of elemental powders compared with the powder by stearic acid. The sintered alloy prepared by ethanol as PCA exhibited a homogeneous microstructure with fine precipitates at the grain boundaries. The microstructural characteristics have been discussed on the basis of function of the PCA.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1986.10a
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• pp.643-647
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• 1986

A new type of motor-driven Total Artificial Heart (TAH) system with rolling-ball mechanism has been developed. To test its performance as a Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD), LVAD is controlled to bypass blood for impaired heart triggered by the R-wave in ECG. Results of the test with a Mock Circulation System (MCS) and an animal experiment with a dog are also included. More powerful system using a brushless DC motor has been developed and its control scheme is represented.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2017

Small valves including ball valves, gate valves and butterfly valves have been adopted in the fields of steam power generation, petrochemical industry, carriers, and oil tankers. Butterfly valves have normally been applied to fields where in narrow places installing the existing valves such as gate valves and ball valves have proven difficult due to the surrounding area and the heavier of these valves. Butterfly valves are used to control the mass flow of the piping system under low pressure by rotating the circular disk installed inside. The butterfly valve is benefitted by having simpler structure in which the flow is controlled by rotating the disc circular plate along the center axis, whereas the weight of the valve is light compared to the gate valve and ball valve above-mentioned, as there is no additional bracket supporting the valve body. The manufacturing company needs to acquire the performance and life test equipment, in the case of adopting the improving factors to detect leakage and damage on the seat of the valve disc. However, small companies, which are manufacturing the industrial valves, normally sell their products without the life test, which is the reliability test and environment test, because of financial and manpower problems. Furthermore, the failure mode analysis of the products failed in the field is likewise problematic as there is no system collecting the failure data on sites for analyzing the failures of valves. The analyzing and researching process is not arranged systematically because of the financial problem. Therefore this study firstly tried to obtain information about the failure data from the sites, analyzed the failure mode based on the field data collected from the customers, and then obtained field data using measuring equipment. Secondly, we designed and manufactured the performance and life test equipment which also have the real time monitoring system with the naked eye for the butterfly valves. The concept of this equipment can also be adopted by other valves, such as the ball valve, gate valve, and various others. It can be applied to variously sized valves, ranging from 25 mm to large sized valves exceeding 3000 mm. Finally, this study carries out the life test with square wave pressure, using performance and life test equipment. The performance found out that the failures from the real time monitoring system were good. The results of this study can be expanded to the other valves like ball valves, gate valves, and control valves to find out the failure mode using the real time monitoring system for durability and performance tests.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.928-936
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• 1995

In this research, the processing control of NiCuZn Ferrite has been developed. The mixing and the size reduction of raw materials have been proceeded. In order to produce NiCuZn Ferrite, highly concentrated slurry with fixed ratio and wet ball milling were used. First, the dispersion behavior of raw mixture at the region of pH4~pH11 has been studied. Using wet ball milling operation, the best conditions of mixing and size reduction have been determined. Further more, the most suitable conditions, such as, dispersant kind, dispersant amount, milling time, and slurry concentration have been studied. The poly acrylic ammonium salt (PAN) was chosen as a suitable dispersant to have effective dispersion in basic region. The slurry of raw mixture without dispersant, showed high viscosity and poor grindability. As 0.7 wt% of PAN was added, the concentrated slurry (up to 55 vol%) was possible, and showed well grindability. After 18 h ball milling of 30 vol% of mixture slurry with 0.7 wt% of PAN, the average particle size and specific surface area of raw mixture were $0.54\mu\textrm{m}$ and $12.92m^{2}/cc$, respectively. The ball milled raw mixture, calcined at $700^{\circ}C$ for 3h, was totally changed into NiCuZn Ferrite with spinel phase.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.431-436
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• 2022

This study optimized the finely ground meat ball analogue formulation by a series of experiments. Replacing isolated soy protein (ISP) to isolated mung bean protein (IMP) in total 27% protein caused an increase in hardness while adhesiveness, springiness, and chewiness were decreased (p<0.05), and the best ISP to IMP ratio was 10:17. When protein content was changed from 19% (w/w) to 31% (w/w) with the best ISP:IMP ratio, adhesiveness was increased with decreasing protein content, but all texture profiles were greatly decreased comparing to control (p<0.05). To modify texture of plant meat ball, potato starch (PS), κ-carrageenan (KC), methyl cellulose (MC), konjac (KJ), and potato protein (PP) were applied in formulation. Finally, KJ and MC were combined with and without PP in formulation. As a result, 0.5% KJ+MC+PP and 1% KJ+MC were best formulation for plant meat ball, nevertheless, highly harder texture than control must be regulated which warranted further exploration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.177-178
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• 2015

Sediments play a major role in determining pollution pattern in aquatic systems and reflecting the pollutant deposition. In the present study analysis the depth effect of organic pollutants and heavy metals using slow release biostimulant ball (BSB) in coastal sediment. BSB size fixed at 3cm, depth varied from 0cm to 10cm depth and 1 and 3 month interval period was carried out for the study. The organic pollutants of chemical oxygen demand, total solids and volatile solids were significantly changed at the surface sediment (0cm)in 1 month and 3 month interval time using BSB. In contrast, sediment depth increase upto 10cm the reduction percentage decrease like to control. Vertical distribution of heavy metals are not consistent from the surface layer toward the bottom layers. Heavy metals fractions were significantly changes, the exchangeable fraction was reduced and other organic and residual fractions were stabilized percentage are increased. This finding concluded BSB is effective for reduce organic pollutants, heavy metals stabilization from the contaminated sediment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.871-874
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• 2004

In recent, it is said that the trend of LCD is direction to pursue high qualities like as high transmittance, high contrast ratio, wide viewing angle, fast response time, and so on. Especially, it is known that these qualities are essential to large size LCD like as LCD TV and we can realize them through to uniform cell gap and deep black state. Until now, the ball spacer has been used to control of uniform cell gap. However, the existence of ball spacer inside the cell causes the deformation of the liquid crystal molecules and damage to alignment layer. Such a deformation of the liquid crystal causes light-leakage in the dark state, which lowers contrast ratio of the display. Nowadays, this problem has been solved by using Patterned Spacer on Color Filter. but Side Effect just as gravity mura has been induced. In this paper, we studied the mechanism on gravity mura in case of using patterned spacer on color filter.