• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.988-993
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• 2012

Four experimental diets were formulated to contain 700 g/kg cereal with decreasing levels of wheat:barley inclusion. Diet 1 contained 700 g/kg wheat, diet 2 contained 600 g/kg wheat and 100 g/kg barley, diet 3 contained 500 g/kg wheat and 200 g/kg barley and diet 4 contained 400 g/kg wheat and 300 g/kg barley. The diets were offered to pigs on three trials to investigate effects on the performance of individually (n = 72) and group housed (n = 480) pigs and on nutrient digestibility in pigs housed in metabolizm crates (n = 24). Performance was assessed from 10 wks of age until slaughter and carcass characteristics were measured. For the group performance study, one pig from each pen (in total 24) at 10, 15 wks and at finish were slaughtered to ascertain scores for stomach ulceration, stomach weights and intestinal length. Level of wheat inclusion did not significantly (p>0.05) affect liveweight gain (LWG) or feed conversion ratio (FCR). Feed intake was lowest (p<0.05) for individually housed pigs offered diets containing 700 g/kg wheat during the 10-15 wk period, which indicated that individually housed pigs attempted to eat to a constant energy intake. There was little evidence of stomach ulceration across treatments and increasing wheat inclusion had no detrimental effect. Higher levels of wheat inclusion tended to increase backfat depth at the $P_2$ position which could lead to increasing grading penalties in a commercial situation although more research is required in this area. Increasing level of wheat inclusion increased digestible energy (DE) content but the lack of effect on FCR and killing out percentage indicated that utilization of energy from barley and wheat was similar. Digestibility coefficients increased linearly with increasing wheat content, which can be attributed to the lower level of fibre and higher level of starch in wheat compared with barley.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2007

복소수계수 $E^*$로 표현되는 아스팔트 콘크리트의 탄성계수는 아스팔트 포장설계에서 매우 중요한 입력변수다. 일반적으로 아스팔트 콘크리트의 탄성계수는 동탄성 계수시험 (Dynamic Modulus Test)을 사용하여 평가한다. 그러나 동탄성계수시험은 일상적인 시험법으로 적용하기에는 고가의 시험장비, 복잡한 시험장비, 많은 시험시간 등의 문제가 있다. 이에 반하여 충격공진시험(IR: Impact Resonance test)은 비파괴시험으로서 간편한 시험장치, 단순한 시험방법이며 반복성이 뛰어나다. 본 연구의 주요 목적은 충격하중의 타격위치 시편거치 방법 충격하중원의 특성, 신호획득 속도, 신호처리방법 등을 포함한 IR시험의 시험조건의 영향을 평가하는 것이다. 본 연구에서 적용한 모든 시험조건 범위에서 충격공진시험에서 측정된 결과의 변동은 ${\pm}2.7%$ 이내에 들었다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2004

Purpose: To make a focal trough (image layer) for an average maxillary dental arch of 6-year-old korean in panoramic radiography. Materials and Methods : Phantom for the maxillary dental arch was designed using intercanine width, intermolar width, tooth size, and interdental spacing to record the data of 6-year-old child. The characteristics of pre-corrected panoramic machine (for adult) was evaluated using the phantom, resolution test pattern for margin of the image layer, and metal ball for the center of the image layer. Panoramic image layer of the child was developed by means of decreasing the speed of film-cassette and positioning the phantom backwards, and then the characteristics of post-corrected panoramic machine (for child) were reevaluated. Results: At post-corrected panoramic image layer, beam projection angles at all interdental areas increased for about 2.6-3.8°, the position of the image layer was shifted toward the rotation center for about 2.5 mm at the deciduous central incisior area. The width of image layer decreased at all areas. Conclusion : Increased beam projection angle will reduce the disadvantage of tooth overlap, and the same form between the center of the image layer and dental arch will improve image resolution.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2005

플레이어의 움직임을 직접 반영하는 체감형 게임은 키보드와 마우스를 사용하는 일반적인 컴퓨터 게임에서 느낄 수 없는 실감난 조작법과 몰입감을 제공한다. 우리는 플레이어에게 기존의 게임과 다른 재미를 주기 위해 사용자의 스윙이 반영되는 체감형 탁구게임을 제작했다. 이 때, 사용자가 휘두르는 실제 라켓을 가상 공간으로 옮겨서 가상 공간의 공을 칠 수 있게 하기 위해서는 실세계 탁구라켓의 공간정보를 가상세계 공간에 맵핑 해야 한다. 한 대의 카메라를 사용하는 환경에서 오브젝트 추출이나 색깔정보만으로는 체감형 탁구게임에서 요구하는 정확한 공간 정보를 얻을 수 없다. 그래서 Augmented Reality (AR) 기술을 게임 개발에 사용했다. 그리고 시스템이 플레이어의 간단한 제스처를 인식해서 게임에서 필요한 부과적인 입력처리를 가능하도록 했고, 빠르고 간단하게 사용자의 제스처를 인식하기 위해서 스캔라인 방식을 사용했다. 본 논문은 비전기반의 AR과 제스처 인식을 사용하는 실감형 탁구게임을 제안한다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.393-397
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• 2001

The innovatory process, that is the direct separation and recovery of the iron and zinc metals contained in the high temperature exhaust gas generated from the electric arc furnace fer the inn scrap melting and/or the dust treatment, has been proposed. This proposed process consists of the moving coke bed filter that is directly connected to the electric furnace, and the following heavy metal condenser. The exhaust gas passes through the filter and the condenser right after exhausting from the electric furnace. The moving coke bed filter is being controlled at about 1000℃ and collects iron and slag components contained in the high temperature exhaust gas. Heavy metals such as zinc and lead pass through the filter as vapor. Based on the thermodynamic considerations, the iron oxide and the zinc oxide are reduced in the filter. The solution loss reaction rate is comparatively low at about 1000℃ in the coke bed filter by the analysis using the mathematical simulation model. The heavy metal condenser is installed in the position after the coke bed filter, and rapidly cools the gas from about 1000℃ to 450℃ by a full of the cooling medium like the solid ceramic ball in addition to the cooling from the wall. The zinc and lead vapor condense and separate f개m the gas in a liquid state. The investigation of the characteristics of the exhaust gas of the commercial electric arc furnace, the fundamental experiments of the laboratory scale and the bench scale ensured the formation of this proposed process. A small-scale pilot plant examination is carrying out at present to confirm the formation of the process. It is certain that the dust generation of the electric arc furnace is extremely decreased, and it can save the energy consumption of usual dust treatment processes by the realization of this process.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the effects of UBM(Under Bump Metallization) and solder composition on the drop impact reliability of wafer level packaging. Fan-in type WLP chips were prepared with different solder ball composition (Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu, and Sn1.0Ag0.5Cu) and UBM (Cu 10 ${\mu}m$, Cu 5 ${\mu}m$\Ni 3 ${\mu}m$). Drop test was performed up to 200 cycles with 1500G acceleration according to JESD22-B111. Cu\Ni UBM showed better drop performance than Cu UBM, which could be attributed to suppression of IMC formation by Ni diffusion barrier. SAC105 was slightly better than SAC305 in terms of MTTF. Drop failure occurred at board side for Cu UBM and chip side for Cu\Ni UBM, independent of solder composition. Corner and center chip position on the board were found to have the shortest drop lifetime due to stress waves generated from impact.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.49-62
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• 2003

Breakfast consumption is important for nutritional balance in all population groups. The objective of this study is to seek healthy Korean with continuous traditional breakfast consumption of rice. One thousand participants who go to work or school every morning were selected by stratified method and interviewed by regional home extension workers in 24 cities, Kyeonggi province, Korea. The questions included breakfast eating habits, perceived health status,and food preferences for breakfast. The students (70.5%) were composed with elementary (17.2%), middle school(15.7%), high school(16.5%), and university(21.l%)students. The rest 29.5% were workers. The recognized importance of eating breakfast was negatively correlated with the perceived health status. It means that lowering health status made them recognize the importance of breakfast. Workers had more boiled rice with side dishes for breakfast(58.6%) than students (40.2%). The reasons of selected items for breakfast were habit (28.5%), and health (14.6%). The propensity of convenience and preference was more frequent in male workers than male students. For breakfast, ready-to-eat food (rice-roll or rice ball, retort rice, and fast-food) preferred more in middle & high school students, but boiled rice with side dishes was preferred more in workers. Boiled rice with divers cereals was selected for main dish in workers, however boiled rice only in students if obliged. We suppose the problem in next decade would be skipped breakfast in regular attendance position. For breakfast with ready-to-eat rice or something to eat in short time, students and workers should be educated to those who are too busy to eat breakfast for the enhancement of human resources.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• 제2C권6호
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• pp.314-320
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• 2002

Three different ZnO nanomaterials (nanobelts, nanorods, and nanowires) were synthesized at 138$0^{\circ}C$ from ball-milled ZnO powders by a thermal evaporation procedure with an argon carrier gas without any catalysts. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the ZnO nanobelts are single crystalline with the growth direction perpendicular to the (010) lattice plane, and that the ZnO nanorods and nanowires are single crystalline with the growth directions perpendicular to the (001) and (110) lattice Planes, respectively. In cathodoluminescence (CL), the energy Position of the near band-edge (NBE) peak is 3.280 eV for the 100-, 250-, and 500-nm thick nanobelts, 3.262 eV for the 100- and 250-nm thick nanorods, and 3.237 eV for the 500-nm thick nanorods. The synthesized ZnO nanorods were coated conformally with aluminum oxide (Al$_2$O$_3$) material by atomic layer deposition (ALD). $Al_2$O$_3$films were then deposited on these ZnO nanorods by ALD at a substrate temperature of 300 $^{\circ}C$ using trimethylaluminum (TMA) and distilled water ($H_2O$). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the deposited ZnO nanorods revealed that 40nm-thick $Al_2$O$_3$ cylindrical shells surround the ZnO nanorods.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.633-643
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• 2007

Statement of problem: Recently there are on an increasing trend of using implants-especially in edentulous mandible of severly alveolar bone recessed. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the displacement and stress distribution of various mandibular implant-retained overdenture models supported by two implants in interforaminal region under the occlusion scheme load. Material and method: FEA models were made by the 3D scanning of the edentulous mandibular dentiform. The three models were named as Model M1, M2, and M3 accord ing to the position of implants: M1, Lt. incisor area, M2, Canine area, and M3, 1st Premolar area. Inter-implant angulation model was named as M4. Conventional complete denture was named M5 and used as a control group. Ball implant and Gold matrice were used as a retentive anchors. The occlusion type loads were applied horizontally over each tooth. Results: 1. In mandibular implant retained overdenture Canine Protected Occlusion type load resulted in higher levels of stress to the implants and female matrices than other types of loads. 2. The overdenture model M1, with implants in lateral incisor areas resulted in lower stress concentration to the implants and female matrices than other models. 3. In mandibular implant retained overdenture the stresses of the implant and female matrice were lower in mesially inclined implant than these of parallel installed implant. Conclusion: Lateral incisor areas could be the best site for the implants in mandibular implant-retained overdenture. The mandibular implant retained overdenture models mentioned above showed to the lowest stress to the implants and female matrices.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2014

The pumps of electro-hydrostatic actuators operate most frequently in boundary lubrication speed range, as they compensate for the position control errors as a control element. When conventional swash plate type piston pumps are applied to electro-hydrostatic actuators, the frictional power losses as well as the wear rate of sliding components, such as piston shoes can increase drastically under the boundary friction condition. In this paper, the power losses of the piston shoes were investigated which were engendered by a frictional solid-to-solid contact and leakage flow rate of their hydrostatic bearing. In order to reduce them, DLC-coating was applied to the swash plate and the ball joint of pistons along with its effects were demonstrated. In addition, it was also shown that the wear rate of the piston shoes could be markedly reduced using the DLC-coated swash plate.