• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.2767-2772
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• 2013

Balance is the foundation for all active daily livings. Evaluation of balance has been conducted to measure postural sway of center of pressure(COP). The purpose of this study is to introduce the Balancia and to examine the validity and inter-, intra-reliability for measure of balance with stroke patients. COP was measured by Wii balance board. The subjects Participated in this study were 39 stroke patients. Intra- and inter-reliability was examined using intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) with 95% confidence interval. In the result of intra- and inter-reliability, all COP parameters of postural sway showed high to very high reliability with ICC=.793-.939 and ICC=.791-.955. Validity was determined by correlation with Accusway force plate. There were high validity with ICC=.851-.955 between tools. According to these results, the Balancia showed high validity and reliability. It is a useful clinical tool for evaluating balance in stroke patients.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.488-492
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to find out the reliability and validity of the newly updated Balancia 2.5 program using Wii balance board through equipment that can measure center of pressure data with the precision. Design: Cross-sectional study Methods: Twenty-seven healthy adults participated in the study. The subjects were assessed for static balance ability by Accusway, and were assessed for static balance ability on Wii balance board connected to theBalancia 2.5 program.To limit postural fluctuations due to stare, the subjects were asked to look at a 15 cm dot drawn 3 m in front of them for 30 seconds with their eyes open. Static balance ability data such as path length and sway velocity were extracted from all measurement tools.Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and validity were extracted through intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The intra-rater reliability that the same rater shows consistent results through test-retest was a high level at ICC=0.968 (0.926~0.986), and inter-rater reliability that the requires consistent results even when measured by different raters was a high level at ICC=0.943 (0.870~0.975). The validity was a high level at ICC=0.948 (0.881~0.977), which shows whether the measurement tool is properly measuring what it is intended to measure. Conclusions: The Balancia 2.5 program, newly updated through this study, proved to be a program with high reliability and validity in evaluating static balance ability like the existingBalancia 2.0 program.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.441-451
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of the study was to investigate and compare the differences between Parkinson's disease rating, balance, fall and gait scales. Results : Parkinson's disease rating scales include the Hoehn-Yahr Scale and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). The Hoehn-Yahr Scale can measure disease rates easily; however it is not sensitive enough to evaluate the disease's process and management. UPDRS's advantage is in it's higher inter-reliability score; however it is more complicated to use. Parkinson's balance scales are comprised of the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC). BBS has the advantage in that it is cheaper to measure and simple in use. ABC's advantage is especially in it's ability to measure higher functional levels; however it is more difficult measure responses due to scores appearing in both extremes. The Fall Efficacy Scale (FES) and The Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly (SAFE) are Parkinson's fall scales. FES's leverage over SAFE is that it is simpler to measure; however it does not coincide with responses which proves disadvantageous in measuring balance loss in high-level Parkinson's patients. SAFE's advantage is in it's simpler use and ability to be utilized without encountering the fear of fall; however it's at a disadvantage in regards to its use with multilateral aspects providing insufficient inspection. Lastly, the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) and the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) are Parkinson's gait scales. DGI is advantageous in its ability to test gait ability when exposed to a variety of external environments; however it is disadvantageous in that it registers higher scores with activities. FGA's advantage is in it's dynamic balance test; however it at a disadvantage with those unable to walk. Conclusion : A researcher of Parkinson's patients must choose each scale while considering their positive and negative characteristics.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2012

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of treadmill training with real optic flow scene on functional recovery of balance and balance self-efficacy in stroke patients. Design: Single blind, Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Nine patients following stroke were divided randomly into the treadmill with optic flow group (n=3), treadmill with virtual reality group (n=3), and control group (n=3). Subjects in the treadmill with optic flow group wore a head-mounted display in order to receive a speed modulated real optic flow scene during treadmill training for 30 minutes, while those in the treadmill with virtual reality group and control group received treadmill training with virtual reality and regular therapy for the same amount of time, five times per week for a period of three weeks. Timed up and go test (TUG) and activities-specific balance confidence scale (ABC scale) were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results: TUG in the treadmill training with optic flow group showed significantly greater improvement, compared with the treadmill training with virtual reality group and control group (p<0.05). Significantly greater improvement in the ABC scale was observed in the treadmill training with optic flow group and the tread mill training with virtual reality group, compared with the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Findings of this study demonstrate that treadmill training with real optic flow scene can be helpful in improving balance and balance self-efficacy of patients with chronic stroke and may be used as a practical adjunct to routine rehabilitation therapy.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the effect of twelve-week Taekwondo and walking exercises on the double-leg balance control by dividing elderly females into Taekwondo, walking exercise and control groups. In total, 30 elderly females were randomly divided into Taekwondo, walking exercise, and control groups, with 10 subjects in each group. Subjects participating in this study were 10(age $69.4{\pm}5.8$ years), 10(age $71.4{\pm}7.6$ years) and 10(age $70.6{\pm}4.8$ years) in the three groups, respectively. Although the AP measures were not significantly different among the groups and times, the ML RMS distance and ML velocity, among the ML measures showed a significant difference among the groups and times. Average velocity and 95% confidence ellipse area were also significantly different among the groups and times. Twelve-week Taekwondo and walking exercises were found to be effective in improving static balance control. Future studies on the development of a Taekwondo intervention program tailored for the elderly with many subjects conducted by using a long-term training program are expected.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.193-201
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to report the effect of Korean medicine treatment with scalp acupuncture of patient with lateropulsion, dizziness, headache caused by lateral medullary infarction. We treated the patient with scalp acupuncture, acupuncture, herbal medicine. Numeric rating scale (NRS), Korean version of berg balance scale (K-BBS), gait balance evaluation, dizziness handicap inventory (DHI), activities-specific balance confidence scale (ABC) and vestibular disorders activities of daily living scale (VADL) were used to evaluate symptoms. NRS of Lateropulsion, dizziness, headache were decreased. K-BBS score increased from 4 to 56, and in the gait balance evaluation, it returned to normal. DHI, VADL score were decreased and ABC score increased from 0 to 1,300. This case report shows that Korean medicine treatment with scalp acupuncture can be effective in lateral medullary infarction. However, further controlled studies are needed to confirm the effect of scalp acupuncture on such patients.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.271-277
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• 2024

Background: This article aims to show that work-life balance (WLB) for workers with disabilities can have important meanings that can affect turnover intention and exclusion from the labor market. Methods: Using the Korean Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled (1st-8th), panel logit models were applied to analyze the effect of WLB on the voluntary turnover intention and behavior of workers with disabilities. WLB types were categorized into four groups (Work-Life Dissatisfaction Group, Only Work Dissatisfaction Group, Only Life Dissatisfaction Group, and Work-Life Balance Group) based on the integration of job satisfaction and life satisfaction. Results: Turnover intention was significantly higher in the work-life imbalance groups (Work-Life Dissatisfaction Group, Only Work Dissatisfaction Group), which is commonly associated with job dissatisfaction. The effect of WLB on turnover intention was 1.38 times higher in Only Work Dissatisfaction Group (β: 2.25, 99% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50, 2.31), characterized by dissatisfaction solely with their job, than in Work-Life Dissatisfaction Group (β: 1.90, 99% CI: 1.97, 2.53), which was experiencing dissatisfaction with both work and life. Only Work Dissatisfaction Group resulted in actual turnover, with females (β: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.37, 1.09) more likely to exit the labor market and males (β: 0.66, 99% CI: 0.41, 0.89) showing a higher tendency to change jobs. Conclusion: WLB policy should focus on job dissatisfaction, a key predictor of turnover intention that leads to actual turnover behavior. Furthermore, women workers with disabilities are a priority policy target group to prevent exclusion from labor.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.317-331
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• 2017

Purpose: Balance and walking ability are important elements of functional independence for people with stroke and are major goals in rehabilitation. These abilities require trunk performance, but most chronic stroke patients reach a plateau in their rehabilitation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a self-training trunk program to improve balance and walking ability in people with stroke, and to suggest such a self-training program for integrated rehabilitation of people with stroke. Methods: The study recruited 7 people with stroke. The subjects performed trunk training for 30 min per day, 6 days per week, for 3 weeks. Participants were measured on the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Korean Activities-specific Balance Confidence (K-ABC) scale, the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA), the 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and a gait analysis to measure the training effects. Statistical analysis used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test as a non-parametric statistical test. Results: TIS was not significantly different after the self-training trunk program, but BBS (p>0.05), K-ABC, and FES were significantly improved after the training program (p<0.05). Furthermore, the 6MWT, stride/height %, and one-leg stance were significantly improved after the training program (p<0.05), but cadence, stance, and swing duration were not significantly different after the training (p>0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that a self-training trunk program should be integrated into stroke rehabilitation to improve balance and walking ability, and further research is needed to develop the program to be more effective for chronic stroke patients.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of visual feedback training-for gradual weight shift in sit-to-stand training-on the balance and walking abilities of chronic hemiplegia patients. Methods: Twenty patients with chronic hemiplegia volunteered to participate in this study. The experimental group received visual feedback for gradual weight shift in the sit-to-stand training, while the contrast group followed the standard process for the sit-to-stand training. The evaluation of the balance and walking ability was conducted with the functional reach test (FRT), Berg balance scale (BBS), five time sit-to-stand (FTSTS) test, timed up and go (TUG) test, 10 m walk test (10MWT), balancia, activities-specific balance confidence (ABC) scale, and falls efficacy scale (FES). Results: In the results before and after intervention, there was a significant difference in TUG, 10MWT, ABC, and FES in the visual feedback training group (p < 0.05). In the control group, there was a significant difference in the 10MWT and ABC (p < 0.05). Also, in the evaluation of the postural fluctuations, the control group data showed a significant increase in Covar. The visual feedback group showed a significant difference in the W average. Conclusion: The visual feedback training group showed some improvement in terms balance and walking ability and on the ABC scale and FES. Therefore, if the diagonal progressive weight bearing exercise is combined with the various patterns and basic principles of PNF, it may be a more efficient intervention method.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.21-35
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• 2007

Objective : The main purpose of this study was to investigate the influence on lower extremity pattern of PNF to balance ability of patients with chronic hemiplegia. Methods : The subjects were consisted of 52 patients with chronic hemiplegia. All subjects were randomly devide to two group which was ROM exercise group and PNF group. Each group had a treatment for 30 minutes per day and three times a week during 10 weeks period. BPM was used to measure sway area, path, velocity, and BBS FRT TUG to measure patient's balance ability, ABC to measure patient's self-confidence. Results : 1. Sway area was showed that PNF group had more significantly decreased than ROM exercise group(p<.05). 2. Sway path was showed that PNF group had more significantly decreased than ROM exercise group(p<.05). 3. Max velocity was showed that PNF group had more significantly decreased than ROM exercise group(p<.05). 4. BBS was showed that PNF group had more significantly increased than ROM exercise group (p<.05). 5. FRT was showed that PNF group had more significantly increased than ROM exercise group (p<.05). 6. TUG was showed that PNF group had more significantly decreased than ROM exercise group(p<.05). 7. ABC was showed that PNF group had more significantly increased than ROM exercise group (p<.05). Conclusion : it was showed that the lower extremity pattern of PNF would increase balance abilities of the chronic hemiplegia patients. So it would be possible to make good use of lower extremity pattern of PNF for improving balance abilities of chronic hemiplegia patients.