• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.676-679
• /
• 2006

Purpose: Breast volume is one of the crucial measurements in preoperative planning and postoperative evaluation of the results in mammoplasty. There are several methods suggested by different authors, but there is still no commonly accepted standard methods for measuring breast volume. To help the surgeons to base their estimation on an objective evaluation, we developed a simple method using Polyethylene bag and plaster molding. Methods: After Polyethylene bags were put in suitable size on both breasts of the patient in upright position, silk plaster was molded on the surface evenly. Then molds can be obtained after marking boundaries of breasts with a pen. Breast volume measurement can be done by filling water in the molds and measuring it. Moreover, postoperative design for natural skin brassier was possible using the molds. Results: This method was applied to 2 patients for reduction mammoplasty and the breast volume measurement was simple, hygienic and accurate, done within 10 minutes. Conclusion: This method using Polyethylene bag and plaster molding has several advantages. 1. It is comparatively accurate regardless of the size and shape of patient's breasts in upright position. 2. Measurement time is short and inconvenience and shame of patients can be reduced by making molds after putting on Polyethylene bags. 3. It is relatively economical and uses easily available hygienic materials. 4. The postoperative shape and volume of breasts can be predicted by using molds preoperatively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.325-333
• /
• 1994

This study was undertaken at Gowa, South Sulawesi, Indonesia as part of a larger forage genetic resource evaluation project. The experimental program consisted of a field experiment where grasses and legume species were grown in monocultures and the yield, N content and rumen bag digestibility using goats were measured. The field experiment was conducted from December 1985 to October 1986. Eight species of legumes (Desmodium heterophyllum cv. John-stone, Desmodium triflorum from Gowa, South Sulawesi, Arachis sp. from Maiwa, South Sulawesi, Clitoria ternalea CPI 50973, Macroptilium atropurpureum ev. Siratro, Neonotonia wightii cv. Tinaroo, Centrosema pubescens CPI 58575, Centrosema plumeri CPI 58568) were grown as monocultures. After establishment all plants were cut to a uniform height of 5 cm, and subsequent cuts were made on regrowth after 14, 28, 42, and 56 days (cycle 1). Cycle 2 commenced towards the end of the wet season and continued for 157 days into the dry season. The highest yielding legumes were C. ternatea in the wet season and Arachis sp. in the dry season. The mean rumen bag dry matter digestibility (RBDMD) of legumes of 67.6% for leaf material (averaged over all cycles and ages) was 7.6% higher than for stem material. The RBDMD of Arachis was significantly higher than all other species. The RBDMD of all legumes declined with age. Calculation of yield of digestible DM (yield $\times$ RBDMD) showed that Arachis sp. was the best legume. The combination of plant "quality" with yield measures is a valuable adjunct to routine agronomic survey procedures in plant evaluation programs. Arachis sp. appears to offer considerable promise and should be more widely evaluated.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.111-131
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to compare the difference between Beijing and Seoul in women's winter street fashion, and suggest strategic methods to improve new competitiveness of the Korean fashion industry. The research was conducted by literature review and empirical research and photographs of winter street style were directly taken by a digital camera from December 28, 2008 to January 8, 2009. The survey was made at 9~11 A.M., 12~1 P.M., and 3~5 P.M. during midweek and weekend. Then 530 photographs(265 each city) of women of the 20s and 30s were selected by random sampling and five fashion professional including this researcher classified styles in accord with majority opinion on careful investigation. The results of comparing the 2008 winter street fashion in Beijing and Seoul show the highest frequency of easy casual style. In detail, while high frequency was found in romantic, classic, feminine, and romantic casual style in Seoul, easy casual and character casual style was prevalent in Beijing. The same frequency of sport casual style illustrates no differences between two cities. Unlike the prediction of the fashion industry that the preference of sport casual style would be increased under the influence of the Beijing Olympics 2008, high preference of easy casual reflects that Chinese women were more sensitive to the changes of their consumption trend. In clothing color, the achromatic color was prevalent in street style in Seoul, whereas multi-color were preferred in Beijing, suggesting a great difference. In the case of accessories, both areas preferred a tot bag but Beijing women preferred active shoulder bag and cross bag in sport casual style. Seoul women preferred pumps and sneakers, whereas Beijing women liked boots of different length according to style.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.67-76
• /
• 2008

The study surveyed preference and Actual Condition of wedding fashion masterpiece brand by consumer's lifestyle group. First, it was found that the brand preference by wedding fashion masterpiece consumer was Bulgari in precious metal, Burberry in scarf, Louisvuitton in bag and Chanel in cosmetics. Second, as a study result of purchase status, wedding fashion masterpiece brand consumers, who enjoy shopping about 1 time a month, usually purchased the masterpiece in masterpiece hall of department store. Their total purchase amount for wedding was less than 5 million in most cases. Third, regarding purchase-experience brand by consumer's lifestyle group, in clothes, there was significant difference between 4 groups such as shopping unconcerned type, reasonable economic type, self-focused brand-oriented type and social achievement type. In bag, slight difference appeared in 4 groups. Fourth, as a study result of the brand preference by consumer's lifestyle group, there was somewhat significant difference between precious metal, clothes, scarf, bag and cosmetic variables. Fifth, as a study result of the difference of information source use by consumer's lifestyle group, it was found that social achievement type used most various sources such as commerce, store and personnel information. Sixth, as a study result of shopping trend by consumer's lifestyle group, social achievement group searched for pleasure, unique personality and ostentation. Shopping unconcerned type searched for necessary shopping with comfortable style without sparing time in shopping.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.51 no.2
• /
• pp.203-211
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is to identify the flow resistance of the bottom pair trawl nets. The bottom pair trawl nets being used in fishing vessel (100G/T, 550ps) was selected as a full-scale net, and 1/10, 1/25 and 1/50 of the model nets were made. Converted into the full-scale net by Tauti's modeling rule and Kim's modeling rule, when resistance coefficient k of each net was calculated by substituting into above equation for flow resistance R and wall area of nets S values of each net ${\upsilon}$. Because resistant coefficient k decreases exponentially according as flow velocity ${\upsilon}$ increases to make $k=c{\upsilon}^{-m}$, c and m values of each net were compared. As a result, as the model was smaller, c and m values was smaller in the two rule into standard of 1/10 model value, decrease degree of 1/25 model was almost same in the two rule, decrease degree of 1/50 model was very big in Tauti's modeling rule. Therefore, in the result of experiment, because average of c and m values for similarly 1/10 and 1/25 model were given $c=4.9(kgf{\cdot}s^2/m^4)$ and m=0.45, R (kgf) of bottom pair trawl net could show $R=4.9S{\upsilon}^{1.55}$ using these values. As in the order of cod-end, wing and bag part for 1/25 and 1/50 model net were removed in turn, measured flow resistance of each, converted into the full-scale, total resistance of the net and the resistance of each part net were calculated. The resistance ratio of each part for total net was not same in 1/25 and 1/50 model each other, but average of two nets was perfectly same area ratio of each part as the wing, bag and cod-end part was 43%, 45% and 12%. However, the resistance of each part divided area of the part, calculated the resistance of per unit area, wing and bag part were not big difference each other, while the resistance of cod-end part was very large.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.299-308
• /
• 2000

A model experiment on the anchovy boat seine was carried out in the southern sea of korea to analyze the vertical opening and the underwater geometry. The model net A was made of half size in the length and width of the prototype net. The model net B was attached floats and chain to the model net-A. The vertical opening and the underwater geometry of the model net were determined by distance of Minilog position with the combinations of the distance between paired boats and the towing speed. The results obtained can be summarized as follows; 1. Vertical opening of the model net was gradually lowered according to the increase of the distance between paired beats and the towing speed. 2. Vertical opening of Wing net, In side wing net, Square, Fore bag net, Flapper and After bag net of the model net A according to the distance between paired boats were varied in the range of 10.8~9.0, 12.0~8.3, 12.6~9.0, 10.4~6.6, 4.6~5.2, 8.8~7.7m respectively, varied in the range of 36~30, 21~15, 31~22, 80~51, 80~96, 59~51% of the normal opening respectively 3. Vertical opening of Wing net, In side wing net, Square, Fore bag net, Flapper and After bag net of the model net B according to the distance between paired boats were varied in the range of 9.1~8.5, 9.8~6.5, 11.2~8.0, 11.0~8.1, 4.7~5.0, 7.0~7.5m respectively, varied in the range of 30~28, 18~12, 27~20, 85~62, 87~93, 47~50% of the normal opening respectively 4. Vertical opening of each a part of the model net according to the towing speed was as same as the former. 5. Model net was appeared apparent the pocket shape, because Wing net and Inside wing net was opened 30% of the normal opening. 6. The bosom and the bag net of the model net A were risen up to the upper lazer, this phenomenon was more apparent as the distance between paired boats and the towing speed increase, but the model net B was almost constant. 7. Working depth of the model net was gradually hallowed according to the increase of the distance between paired boats and the towing speed

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.637-642
• /
• 1996

This experiment was conducted to determine RDP values of locally available feedstuffs that are commonly used in ruminant rations in Bangladesh. Four cattle were fistulated in the rumen for the in situ nylon bag studies. Seventeen different feedstuff sample (9 roughages and 8 concentrates) were evaluated in $4{\times}14cm$ nylon bags and incubated in the rumen for different periods of time (2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h). The variation in crude protein (CP) contents reflected on the average CP disappearance value throughout the rumen incubation. Soluble fraction (a), insoluble but degradable fraction (b) along with the rate of degradation also varied widely among the various feedstuffs. Under 2% of rumen outflow rate, the percentages of the calculated protein degradabilities of roughages were rice straw, 16.7; maize grass, 70.6; oat grass, 70.8; dhal grass, 71.1; sunhemp, 78.4; napier grass, 62.4; matikalai grass, 72.1; khesarikalai grass, 76.9 and daincha browse, 78.4, respectively. The results in the protein degradabilities (%) in 8% ruminal outflow rate of concentrates were wheat bran, 61.6; rice polish (red), 61.3; rice polish (auto), 30.9; mustard oil cake, 71.8; sesame oil cake, 74.2; coconut oil cake, 57.9; soybean meal, 49.2 and fish meal, 37.9, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2012

This paper describes energy loss in a pipe line of refuse collecting system. Analysis of energy loss in a pipe line is the decisive factor in a design of refuse collecting system. Using the results of energy loss analysis, we can determine the power of turbo-blower. The flow characteristics of the pipe line with refuse bags were analyzed by three-dimensional CFD. The refuse bag is modeled by using the shape obtained from profile measurement. Friction factors were calculated with changing the refuse bag size, mixing ratio and Reynolds number. And drag coefficients were calculated using the CFD results. From the results we can calculate energy loss in a pipe line of refuse collecting system and predict the capacity of turbo-blower.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.566-570
• /
• 2004

Cultivation conditions for overproduction of lovastatins were investigated from the lovastatin producing strain N-03 which was obtained with NTG (N-methyl-N'-nitro-nitrosoguanidine) treatment from Aspergiliu ferrous ATCC 20542. Produced lactone and acid form of lovastatin were detected, and analyzed by HPLC method. In liquid culture, medium No. 2 containing soy protein produced higher amounts of the lovastatins than medium No. 1 (contained rapeseed oil). In solid culture, maximum production was obtained at 28$^{\circ}C$ for 15 days cultivation using cooked wheat bran. For the overproduction of lovastatin from this strain, solid culture method using plastic bag is more superior than liquid culture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.36-41
• /
• 1986

Uederwater ambient noise was measured at the set net in the Neung-Po Eay. The environment characteristics depend upon oceanographic conditions of sound propagation and its implication on the source of ambient noise. The results of measurement and analysis were as follows: 1. The frequency of the maximum noise level of two passenger. vessels was around 300 Hz. The spectrum level of the fast vessel (the Air-Ferry) was lower than the little slow vessel (the Olympic) between 50-150 Hz in frequences. 2. The spectrum level of the surface in the playground of the set net was lower than the deeper water till 500 Hz, but over that frequency the level was getting lower as the depth was deep. 3. The spectrum level outside the bag of the set net was greater than the inside between 50 and 700 Hz, but over 1,500 Hz the level inside the bag was higher than the outside. 4. The spectrum level of the outside of the breeding tank was higher than the inside in the daytime. However at night opposite phenomenon occurs.