• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.49-55
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• 2014

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cross bag weight and carrying bag position type on vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis muscle activity ratio during step up. Method : Twenty healthy subjects participated in this study. subjects randomized performed step up with bag weight less than 15%, more than 15% of totalbody weight and without bag and carrying bag position ipsilateral and contralateral. muscle activity was measured with surface electromyography. One-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used with a significance level of 0.05 Result : The results of this study were as follows: 1. The muscle activity ratio decreased significantly ipsilateral bag position more than 15% of body weight(p<.05). Also, the muscle activity ratio increased significantly contra lateral bag position more than 15% of body weight(p<.05). Conclusion : In conclusion, it was found that applied carrying bag position with weight on VMO,VL muscle activity ratio during step up down. Therefore carrying bag position can be used to selective activate vastus medialis oblique muscle in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 2009

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the body alignment on the type and weight of the bag. Methods: The Subjects(n=62) measured posture alignment and make out the questionnaire. The questionnaire item was type of the bag, weight of the bag, side which carries the bag, and time to carry the bag. The posture alignment measured by global posture system(GPS). GPS Measurement was ASIA, acromion process, medial malleolus on Frontal plane, ear, shoulder joint, knee joint, lateral malleolus on sagittal plane, and trunk rotation on transverse plane. Results: The backpack and shoulder bag was no significant. The width of the strap bag was not significant. The side which carries on shoulder bag was statistical significance(p<.05). The time to carry the bag was statistical significance on change of posture(p<.05). A bag weight was no significant. Conclusion: This research provides the direction and carry the bag in time for the posture. This study showed that type and weight of bag does affect body alignment. This indicates that there is an interaction that plays a crucial roles in the type and weight of bag and the body alignment.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study is to confirm a comparison of bag weight and applied location change on plantar pressure and gait parameters (stride time, stride length, cadence) of the 20s students. Design: One group cross-sectional design Methods: The subjects were measured in each condition. Each condition was no carrying a bag, carrying a 3kg bag, and a 6kg bag on the right shoulder, and walked on the gait analyzer. After the location of the bag was changed, measured when a 3kg backpack and a 6kg backpack was each carried on the back while walking. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in plantar pressure according to bag weight when carried on the right shoulder (p<0.05). As a result of the post-hoc analysis, carrying a 6kg bag was a significant difference between no carrying a bag and carrying a 3kg bag (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in changes in stride time, stride length, and cadence. There was no statistically significant difference in plantar pressure and gait parameters according to backpack weight. Conclusions: As a result of this study, it is thought that it will be possible to present a method for the application of the correct bag on location and weight in 20s students, and to prevent and reduce muscle musculoskeletal system diseases caused by incorrect bag wearing.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.7-14
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the effect of bag type on gait kinematic factors. The purpose of this study was to compare the Cobb's angle, leg angle and foot pressure difference according to bag type among 20 university students. Methods: The bag type was applied with two kinds of bags: not wearing a bag, backpack, and an eco bag. The bag weight was 10% of subjects weight in during experiment and only bag weight was 0.5kg. Results: Knee joint angle is increased when wearing backpack or an eco bag than not wearing bag. Cobb's angle increased when wearing backpack and wearing eco back. The difference in right and left foot pressure increased when wearing eco bag than not wearing bag and wearing backpack. Conclusion: Therefore, wearing a heavy backpack or an eco bag when walking for a long time may cause scoliosis and change the walking form.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2013

Background : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the kinesiologic factors of gait on symmetric load. Methods : The subjects were consisted normal 33 persons (10 males and 23 females). The kinds of weight of the bag was 0kg, 5kg and 7kg. The kinesiologic factors of gait measured by three dimensional motion analysis system and callibration marker. Callibration was ASIS, hip greater trochanter, knee lateral epicondyle on sagittal plane, ankle lateral malleolus on sagittal plane, toe 5th phalange. The changes kinesiologic factor were analyzed using one way ANOVA with SPSS 21.0 package program. Results : The weight of the bag was statistical significance on change of hip joint and knee joint(p<.05). The weight of the bag was no significance on change of ankle joint(p>.05). The right and left of the lower limbs was no significant(p>.05). Conclusion : This research provides weight of bag for the gait. This study showed that symmetric load does affect kinesiologic factors of gait. This indicates that there is an interaction that plays a crucial roles in the weight of bag and kinesiologic factors of gait.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.111-116
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of tote bag weight on muscle thickness of pectroalis minor and tone of upper trapezius in young adult women. 27 women habitual of carrying tote bags. The subjects were measured the tone of the upper trapezius muscle and the thickness of the pectoralis minor muscle while carrying tote bags with the weight of 0%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% of the subjects' body weight. As the weight load increased, the upper trapezius muscle demonstrated significantly increased muscle tone (p<.05). additionally, a significantly increased thickness in the pectoralis minor muscle was noted(p<.05). These findings suggest that the habit of carrying a tote bag on the wrist may be disadvantageous to improving the two muscles in young women. Therefore, this study recommend women who likely used tote bag decrease the weight of the bag.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

Purpose: Our study sought to investigate differences in plantar foot pressure as a function of type of pack carried and of changing weight during gait and stance. Methods: Subjects were 40 students with no disabilities. Plantar foot pressure was measured with different types of packs carried and with changing weight of the pack during both gait and stance and while changing feet. During stance while carrying a satchel on the shoulder caused a disproportionate change in plantar foot pressure. An even great imbalance occurred for plantar foot pressure during gait. Results: Using a satchel can influence diseases such as scoliosis that are caused by unbalanced muscle activation and by a disproportionate distribution of the weight of the body. Conclusion: Knowing how to use a pack correctly and how to appropriately adjust the weight of bag should be taught.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.199-205
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes in gait according to four style of bag's carryied method and three different bag's weights. Twenty healthy adults participated in four conditions. The first condition, they wearing a bag on one side shoulder and walked. The second condition, they carried a bag sling across on shoulder and walked. The third condition, they carried a bag on a back using both shoulders and walked. The fourth condition, they hold a bag in their right hand and walked. During all four conditions participants wore a SmartStep insole in their right shoe and had a pressure control device strapped to their right ankle. Each participant walked 10 meters carrying a 2.5 kg, 5 kg and 7.5 kg bag under all four conditions. There were significantly differents in stance phase rate; swing phase rate and walking speed according to bag weight of 2.5 kg, 5 kg, 7.5 kg.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.459-469
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• 2012

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to examine changes caused by asymmetric bag carrying methods to carry the bag with one shoulder only to plantar pressure during walking. METHODS: Twenty three normal adults without any gait problem participated in the present study. Experimental conditions used consisted of walking without carrying any bag(condition 1), walking wearing a bag on both shouders (condition 2), and walking wearing a bag on the right shoulder(condition 3) and the weight of the bag was set to 15% of each subject's body weight. All the subjects were instructed to participate in all experiments under these three conditions and plantar pressures were measured from the subjects' right and left feet using an F-scan system while the subjects were walking under the three conditions. To analyze the measured plantar pressure, the sole was divided into seven areas (Hallux, Toe, Met1, Met23, Met45, Mid foot and Heel) and maximum plantar pressures in individual areas were measured. RESULTS: The results of measurement of plantar pressures under three walking conditions did not show significant changes in any areas of the left and right feet except for the mid foot area of the right food. The asymmetry between the left and right feet was examined and the results showed significant differences only in area Met23 under condition 2 and did not show significant differences in any other areas. CONCLUSION: On comprehensively considering the results of the present study, it could be seen that asymmetric bag carrying did not have large effects on changes in plantar pressure during walking compared to symmetric carrying. The reason for this is considered to be posture adjusting mechanisms against load positions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

This study is conducted to evaluate the effects of root restriction on growth of maple(Acer palmatum Thumb.). Tow types of container such as clay pot(CP), root control bag(RCB) were used to restrict maple's root and each type of container was divided into 5 sizes. The containers with plants were buried just below the soil level and maples planted directly in the soil (nonrestricted root treatment) were included as comparison. Data were collected on dry weight of leaf, trunk, thick root, rootlet and soil water potential. We have analyzed, simple linear regression, Pearson's Correlation analysis, Duncan's multiple rang test, and Covariance Analysis using SAS statistical software. The results of analysis based on these data are as follows; 1. Total dry weight of maple in CP was significantly larger than in RCB. 2. Difference in growth reduction by the kinds of containers was induced by different hydraulic diffusion ratios between container and soil. Difference in growth reduction by the size of container was induced by the difference density of rootlet and soil moisture contents in the container. 4. Commercial products of root control of root control bag appeared not proper for countries in which fluctuation of rainfall is severe. Because maples in RCB were restricted by excess soil water in the rainy season, or by lack of soil water in the dray season.