• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.197-204
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• 2004

The concept of Baekdudaegan(Korean traditional and major mountain system) was conceived toward the close of Silla Kingdom and in the beginning of the Goryeo dynasty. The concept was brought up through the Goryeo dynasty and was completed in the Joseon dynasty. We have to recognize the next two facts to restore the Baekdudaegan concept these days. Firstly, Baekdudaegan is not the highest watershed line but a domain. Secondly, Baekdudaegan is not a set of ridges but a corporate body of a water system and a mountain system. When it comes to fix the management area of Baekdudaegan, it is necessary to make criteria on the basis of traditional ideas and to include natural characteristics considering physical environment. The management area of Baekdudaegan include the third order of stream with the conservation area including the first order of stream. The most important thing in the management strategy is to prevent the damage of configuration of the ground. Baekdudaegan is a symbol of Korea spirit. Therefore, to manage Baekdudaegan wisely is one of ways to lay down the stepping stone of our country's reunification.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.13-25
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• 2019

The Baekdudaegan protected area is a regulatory-oriented policy that does not consider the residents, and has been affected by the shrinking of local economy and the reduction of community activities. In order to minimize the damages, Baekdudaegan resident support programs has been implemented but various problems have been pointed out failing to lead to local revitalization. In addition, the zoning districts consists only of the core district and buffer district, which makes it more difficult to improve the lives and satisfy the needs of residents due to the stricter regulations. This study suggests the revitalization of Baekdu-daegan protected area by reforming the zoning system of Baekdu-daegan protected area. Considering related plans and systems, legal validity, residents' repulsion, area, etc., four reorganization plans were drawn according to each strength and weakness. Principles, additional permissible activities, example of amendment to 'Baekdudaegan Protection Act' according to each plan were also presented. The results of this study can contribute to the improvement of income and welfare of the residents in Baekdudaegan protected area. However, further research is needed because it is a limitation that the specific scope of the proposed plans could not be set.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.3
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• pp.494-503
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• 2011

This study was aimed at applying the IUCN category system to the Baekdudaegan Protected Area. A classification key was developed to apply the system to the overlapped designated protected areas inside of Baekdudaegan Protected Area. Korea national parks and forests managers' and experts' opinions were collected and they all agreed to the use of multiple classification in Baekdudaegan Protected Area. For example, the type of natural forests among the Forest Genetic Resources Reserves was classified to be IUCN Category Ia while other types of Forest Genetic Resources Reserve was classified to be Category IV. And the Protected Forest Landscape was classified to be Category V while the other types of protected forests were classified to be Category VI. The study suggests the need of classification of forest protected areas including Baekdudaegan Protected Area using IUCN system accompanying with protected areas management effectiveness evaluation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.1
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• pp.81-95
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• 2018

Camp Page, To minimize the negative impacts such as the contraction of the local economy and the reduction of community activities, it has designated Baekdudaegan as protect area since September 2005, also the Korea Forest Service has implemented Support Project for National Income. However, the fundamental purpose and linkage called protection of Baekdudaegan is in lacking status, also various problems were also corrected such as indiscretion business application. For this, the purpose of this research is to provide improvement method by analyzing the problems of support project for national income of Baekdudaegan through a literature research and questionnaires of the responsible officers. First, as the research results, the strengthening sense of responsibility for Baekdudaegan supporting project for National by developing the local nationals as the Baekdudaegan's protection and management agent. Second, think the local nationals as the part of Baekdudaegan and there is need for development of system that can keep income as well as culture with community. Third, By constructing governance that the local nationals and administrations can cooperate, the area activation shall be realized through the Baekdudaegan's symmetric protection and management. The research like this, ban be used as base material of business promotion that consists area development and nationals of development restricted area while protecting the Bekdudaegan later.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.159-163
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• 2021

Saussurea albifolia, a new species, is reported from the Baekdudaegan Mountains. It has distinctive morphological characteristics that distinguish it from other congeneric species of Saussurea in Korea; radical leaves persist or withered till flowering, white tomentose leaf beneath, campanulate involucre with brown-cobwebby hairs, and dark purplish phyllaries with acuminate tips. Saussurea albifolia is a new, endemic species, narrowly restricted to the Korean Peninsula as a consequence of adaptation to alpine or subalpine environments of the Baekdudaegan Area. Among the Korean species of Saussurea, S. gracilis Maxim., S. insularis Kitam., and S. seoulensis Nakai are morphologically similar to S. albifolia by having leaves with white hairs beneath and persistent radical leaves during blooming period. It has been well understood that Saussurea is one of the highly diversified and adaptable groups in Asteraceae and also that the currently recognized species in Korea likely significant underestimates its diversity on the Korean Peninsula.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.184-190
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• 2004

The purposes of this study were to understand and compare visitors' and residents' perception about Baekdudaegan. To accomplish the purposes of study, the questionnaire surveys in visitor and resident group were employed at Deogyusan area where is a southern part of Baekdudaegan. As for the results, the knowledge level about Baekdudaegan was low in both groups. Visitors' overall attitudes to management of baekdudaegan were more preservation-oriented as compared with resident group. In addition, both groups pointed there is need to be exceptionally managed through special land zoning approach. The Korea Forest Service, Ministry of Environment, National Parks Authority, local government were perceived as proper management agencies for Baekdudaegan. Findings of this study could be used as basic information for establishing effective management policy in Baekdudaegan. Continuous survey effort which can be aroused public opinion would be asked to produce effective decision-making for Baekdudaegan.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.3
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• pp.249-258
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• 2020

The purpose of this study examined the succession by vegetation type after forest ecosystem restoration in the Baramjae area. Vegetation of the Baramjae area was classified using a survey of 81 sites from May to October 2019. The vegetation type was classified as Pinus densiflora community group with both Quercus mongolica community and P. densiflora typical community. The group unit was further classified as the Quercus dentata typical subgroup, Salix koreensis subgroup, and Q. mongolica typical subgroup. Such as Q. mongolica, Quercus variavilis in vegetation unit 1, Q. mongolica, Q. dentata in vegetation unit 2, P. densiflora in vegetation unit 3 and S. koreensis in vegetation unit 4 were shown a high importance value. The difference in species by vertical layer is explained by sere. Based on the vegetation type classification system, Detrended Correspondence Analysis was conducted to observe the trend of succession. Since restoration, vegetation unit 1 and vegetation unit 2 were considered to have developed the most extensive vegetation. In vegetation unit 2 and vegetation unit 4, many of the species found were in the early vegetation development in S. koreensis subgroup. Accordingly, vegetation in the Baramjae area can be categorized as a stepwise succession.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.93-105
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• 2020

The study was investigated in vegetation and environmental factors of Thuja koraiensis habitats where provided for ecological evidence data for conservation and management. Study plots were located at altitudes of 1,000~1,588 m with inclinations of 10~30°. A total of 150 taxa was identified 22 quadrates in 6 study sites. The highest basal area was analyzed in Mt. Gariwangsan 49.98 ㎡/㏊ with the lowest Mt. Hwaaksan 3.46 ㎡/㏊. Thuja koraiensis forest was classified into two communities; Abeis nephrolepis-Taxus cuspidata community, Betula ermanii-Thuja koraiensis community. As a result of Multi-Response Permutation Procedures test, there was significant difference among the communities.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.409-420
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• 2003

The avifauna of from Manbokdae to Siribong in Jiri Mountain part of Baekdudaegan, was surveyed from May to November, 2002. In total, we observed 901 birds, and they were consisted of 49 species,23 families and 7 orders. The largest number of birds were observed in valley and followed by in low ridge, Road, Agricultural area and high ridge. The dominant species were Great Tit (Parus major) and then Brambling (Fringilla montifringilla), Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus), Black-billed Magpie (Pica pica) and Long-tailed Tit (Aegithalos caudatus). The highest species diversity index was 2.85 at low ridge(846m), and the lowest was 1.83 at high ridge(1,433m). In this study, the valley is the most important area for the habitat of birds and followed by the low ridge and agricultural area. Thus, to decide the management required area of Baekdudaegan, it should include valley and nearby lowland as well as ridge area. Moreover, there should be some sort of restriction of vehicle usage when a road cross or close to the Baekdudaegan.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.223-232
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• 2002

For the zoning of natural ecosystem, Vegetation Index is calculated from the vegetation data surveyed on Baekdudaegan (Pijae-Doraegijae). Five factors -biodiversity, conservation value of the stand, environmental quality, longevity of the stand, site productivity- are considered in the calculation of Vegetation Index. Vegetation Index might be a useful zoning tool for management of Baekdudaegan. For Vegetation Index I, 59 sample plots 52.2% of total 113 sample plots are belong to core area, 34 sample plots 30.l% and 20 sample plots 17.7% are belong to buffer zone and transition area, respectively. For Vegetation Index II, 49 sample plots 43.4% of total 113 sample plots are belong to core area, 38 sample plots 33.6% and 26 sample plots 23.0％ are belong to buffer zone and transition area, respectively.