• 보험의학회지
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• 제18권
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• pp.107-110
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• 1999

The disorders of congenital metabolic errors causing mental retardation can be prevented by early diagnosis and treatment. We analysed 144,000 neonatal blood samples for phenyketonuria(PKU), maple syrup urine disease(MSUD), homocystinuria(HCU) and histidinuria(HE) by bacterial inhibition method, and galactosemia(GAL) by Paigen method. In our survey, the positive were 4 samples in PKU(4mg/dl;2, 6mg/dl;1, 8mg/dl;1), 8 samples in MSUD(4mg/dl;2, 6mg/dl;2, 8mg/dl;3, 10mg/dl;1), 4 samples in HCU(4mg/dl;2, 6mg/dl;2), 4 samples in Galactosemia(4mg/dl;2, 6mg/dl;1, 8mg/dl;1), respectively. while, no one was positive in HE. The frequncy rate were 1/36,000 for PKU, HCU and GAL, 1/18,000 for MSUD, respectively. But those for HE couldn't be detected in our survey. In this study, the hightest frequency rate was 1/18,000 of MSUD, following were 1/36,000 for PKU, HCU and GAL, respectively. As results our data, it is our opinion that neonatal screening should be performed in terms of national policies for ealy diagnosis and theraphy.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2001

HRP(high rate pond) which had kept the manufactured clay of 3cm-thickness as benthic clay in reactor and the 6 flat-blade turbine as impeller for agitation was named HRASP(high rate algae stabilization pond). And the experiment for treatment of artificial synthesis wastewater containing COD :300mg/$\ell$, NH$_3$-N : 300mg/$\ell$, T-P : 9mg/$\ell$ as nutrients was been performed successfully. This reactor was been operated under conditions : 24hrs.-irradiation and water temperature, $25^{\circ}C$ and pH 7 and agitation velocity, 15, 30, 45rpm and the effect of agitation velocity on algal bioaccumulation of nutrients was been studied with view point of fluid dynamics. The next followings could be obtained as results. 1. The agitation with a turbine impeller blade in HRASP makes clay particle indicate superior suspension effect by means of forming of excellent curl/shear flow in reactor. 2. The excessive suspension of clay particle which is created at 45rpm as rotation velocity of impeller blade of turbine disturbs the light penetration and algal photosynthesis reaction. 3. Efficiencies for removal of nutrients come out as COD : 93.9%~94.3%, ($NH_3-N + NO_3-N$) : 81.9%~99.0%, T-P : 46.8%~53.6%. 4. Kuo values of $K_1$for algal growth come out seperately as 15rpm : $1.876{\times}10^{-2}, 30rpm : 4.618{\times}10^{-3}$. 5. Kuo values of $K_2$for removal of N, P come out seperately as 15rpm : $8.403{\times}10^{-1}$ and $1.397{\times}10^{-1}$, 30rpm : $4.823{\times}10^{-1} and 2.052{\times}10^{-1}$. 6. It can be guessed easily that the excessive agitation can inhibit the algal and bacterial symbiotic reaction if it is considered that micro organism\` sense to preservation of life is relied on natural function of metabolism. Therefore the studies for this matter should be followed continuously.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.552-559
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• 2008

Recent days, various inner wears, sheets and interior goods are manufactured using materials dyed with loess emphasizing its improved blood circulation, metabolism, anti-bacterial, deodorizing properties, and far-infrared ray emissions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of chitosan treatment on the dyeing of cotton fabric using loess as colorants. Particle size of loess, the morphology and dyeability(K/S) of chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics, and washing durability of loess dyed cotton fabric were investigated. In this study, cotton fabrics were treated with a crosslinking agent, epichlorohydrin, in the presence of chitosan to improve the dyeing properties of cotton fabrics with natural dye by the chemical linking of chitosan to the cellulose structure. This process was applied by means of the conventional mercerizing process. The results obtained were as follows; Mean average diameter of loess was $1.13{\mu}m$. According to various conditions, the optimum dyeing conditions for cotton fabrics pretreated by 1% chitosan treatment was where 10%(owb) of loess was applied at $90^{\circ}C$ for 120minutes, while for cotton fabrics without chitosan treatment was where 15%(owb) of loess was applied at $90^{\circ}C$ for 150minutes. Overall, K/S value of loess dyed cotton fabric pretreated with 1% chitosan was higher than that of cotton fabrics without chitosan treatment. The Color fastness, washing fastness and light fastness of loess were excellent as 4-5grade.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1004-1012
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate the loess dyeability of soybean fabric using loess as colorants. Recent days, various textile products such as inner wears, sheets and interior goods are manufactured using materials dyed with loess emphasizing its improved metabolism, anti-bacterial, deodorizing properties, and far infrared ray emissions. Soybean fabric was dyed with loess solution according to concentration of loess, dyeing temperature and dyeing time. To improve washing fastness, soybean fabric and dyed soybean fabric with loess were mordanted by mordanting agents such as sodium chloride(NaCl), Acetic acid(CH₃COOH) and Aluminium Potassium Sulfate(AlK(SO₄)₂·12H₂O). Dyeability and color characteristics of dyed soybean fabric were obtained by CCM observation. Particle size distribution of loess, the dyeability(K/S) of soybean fabric, morphology and washing durability of loess dyed soybean fabric were investigated. The results obtained were as follows; Mean average diameter of loess was 1.08µm. The main components of loess used in this study were silicon dioxide(SiO₂), aluminium oxide(Al₂O₃), and iron oxide(Fe₂O₃). The content of these three component was above 75 weight %. The dyeability of soybean fabric was increased gradually with increasing concentration of loess. The optimum dyeing temperature and dyeing time were 90℃ and 60minutes expectively. The fastness to washing according to concentration of loess and mordanting method indicated good grade result as more than 4 degree in all conditions.

• 생약학회지
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• 제36권1호통권140호
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• pp.56-59
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• 2005

Urease plays an important role in the urea metabolism and the effect of urease activity on human and environment is enormous. For instance, urease acts as a virulence factor of the urinary and gastrointestinal tracts infections in human and animal, being involved in kidney stone formation, catheter encrusatation, pyelonephritis, ammonia encephalopathy, hepatic coma, and urinary tract infections. Widespread urease activity in soil induces a plant damage due to ammonia toxicity and pH increase. Therefore, urease activity regulation through urease inhibitors would lead to an enhanced efficiency of urea nitrogen uptake in plants and to the improved therapeutic strategies for ureolytic bacterial infections. To search for new inhibitory compounds on urease activity from herbs, MeOH extracts of herbs were screened. Among of them, the MeOH extracts of Areca catechu exhibited an excellent inhibitory effect on urease activity. Two compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction by the activity guided fractionation. Their chemical structures were identified as (+)-catechin(compound I) and allantoin(compound II) by spectroscopic evidence, respectively. Compound I showed a stronger inhibitory effect on urease activity than compound II.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.311-315
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• 2005

Pparaquat의 전자수용 및 방출에 대한 작용을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. Rat mitocondria분산액에 paraquat를 첨가하였을 때 반응액이 청색으로 변색되었으며 Aluminium 박 또는 동전극을 장치한 photo cell중에서 paraquat에 전류를 통한 경우에도 음극에서부터 청색으로 변색되기 시작하여 660 nm에서 높은 홉광도를 나타내었다. 이 착색반응은 반응액에 산소를 첨가함으로서 탈색되었다. Paraquat에 $H^+$을 첨가하고 전류를 통한 결과 340 nm에서의 홉광도가 증가되었으며 경시적인 흡광도 증가의 모양은 $NAD^+$에 전류를 통한 경우와 거의 일치하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 paraquat가 전자를 수용 또는 방출할 수 있음이 확인되었고 이러한 paraquat의 작용이 생체내에 이화작용에서 생성되는 전자를 포획하고 산소에 직접 넘겨줌으로써 cytochrome 호흡쇄로의 단계별 전자전달계가 차단되어 급성독성을 일으키는 요인으로 추정된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2012

Baicalin, a main constituent of the rhizome of Scutellaria baicalensis, is metabolized to baicalein and oroxylin A in the intestine before its absorption. To understand the role of intestinal microflora in the pharmacological activities of baicalin, we investigated its anti-inflammatory effect in mice treated with and without antibiotics. Orally administered baicalin showed the anti-inflammatory effect in mice than intraperitoneally treated one, apart from intraperitoneally administered its metabolites, baicalein and oroxylin A, which potently inhibited LPS-induced inflammation. Of these metabolites, oroxylin A showed more potent anti-inflammatory effect. However, treatment with the mixture of cefadroxil, oxytetracycline and erythromycin (COE) significantly attenuated the anti-inflammatory effect of orally administered baicalin in mice. Treatment with COE also reduced intestinal bacterial fecal ${\beta}$-glucuronidase activity. The metabolic activity of human stools is significantly different between individuals, but neither between ages nor between male and female. Baicalin was metabolized to baicalein and oroxylin A, with metabolic activities of $1.427{\pm}0.818$ and $1.025{\pm}0.603$ pmol/min/mg wet weight, respectively. Baicalin and its metabolites also inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$, and the activation of NF-${\kappa}B$B in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. Of them, oroxylin A showed the most potent inhibition. Based on these findings, baicalin may be metabolized to baicalein and oroxylin A by intestinal microflora, which enhance its anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting NF-${\kappa}B$ activation.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.1095-1105
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• 2010

Objectives : This paper is designed to help the public prevent their future dental caries, based on the studies of xylitol about it's efficacy and effectiveness, and its appropriate usage. Methods : This study of xylitol on the basis of existing research papers and literature is not only to learn about the mechanism of what xylitol acts, but also to search the effectiveness of incompleteness of xylitol-containing foods, bacterial infection between xylitol and mother-baby, and the side-effects of xylitol. Results : 1. Xylitol's continuous intake of teeth effects the decrease of calculus amount, cleanness of teeth, as well as the remineralization process. The xylitol effect varies depending on the weight of xylitol, which has no effect on root caries. 2. Mouth gargle solution is higher resistant against acids; recalcification is significantly reduced; and remineralization effect represents. 3. It is reported that regular consumption of xylitol by mothers just during two years after birth has significantly decreased the spread possibility of mutans streptococcei. 4. The reduction of dental caries by xylitol is happened by its restraining the growth of bacteria resource caries, with their presence in amount of uncontrolled growth. 5. When a small amount of eating xylitol is absorbed slowly into gastrointestinal tract, being followed by glucose metabolism in the liver, while its excessive amount of eating can cause gastrointestinal problems. Conclusion : Dental hygienists should be required to provide dental information to the public on the basis of academic knowledge. In situation that one is not yet sure of xylitol on solid and multifaceted researches, there must be needed more accurate and detailed reviews on the side-effects of xylitol and the overall impact on the oral environments.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2000

본 연구는 대장균 내독소로 실험적 패혈증을 유도한 토끼를 이용하여 지질성분과 cytokines에 대한 박테리아 내독소의 영향과 이 물질들 변화간의 상호 관련성을 조사한 결과이다. 내독소 투여군의 중성지방 및 콜레스테롤 농도는 전 검체채취 시간대에서 대조군보다 대체적으로 높았다(p<0.01 또는 0.05). 내독소 투여군의 인지질 농도는 내독소 투여후 3 및 6 시간대에 용량의존성으로 대조군보다 높았다(p<0.05). Tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ TNF-$\alpha$)와 interleukin-I$\beta$(IL-l$\beta$) 농도는 모든 검체채취 시기에서 대조군보다 증가하였다(p＜0.01 또는 0.05). 지질성분들의 변화와 cytokines(TNF-$\alpha$ 나 IL-1$\beta$)변화간에 유의한 음의 상관성이 있었으며(p<0.05), 중성지방이나 콜레스테롤 농도가 보다 높았던 내독소 투여 토끼들이 그렇지 않은 토끼들보다 상대적으로 더 좋은 임상상태를 보였다. 본 연구결과는 내독소에 의한 지질성분들의 변화가 지질 대사계의 혼란이라기보다 숙주 방어기작의 능동적 작용일 수도 있음을 시사하고 있다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.151-162
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• 1971

가장 대중적(大衆的)으로 이용(利用)되고 있는 식품(食品)인 라면, 식빵 건조인절미를 쥐의 기초사료(基礎飼料)와 여러 가지로 혼합(混合)하여 10개군(個群)의 쥐에 대(對)해 사육(飼育)실험하여 생리적(生理的) 변화(變化)를 조사(調査)한 바 다음과 같았다. 1. 체중증가율(體重增加率)은 라면과 기초사료를 1 : 4 또는 1 : 2로 혼합(混合)한 경우가 가장 우수(優秀)하였으며 대조구(對照區)를 능가하였고 라면, 식빵, 인절미 등을 단용(單用)한 경우는 약간 저조(低調)하였다. 2. 사육시험중(飼育試驗中)의 장내세균(腸內細菌) flora의 변동(變動), 간기능(肝機能) 그리고 신장(腎臟)의 기능(機能)은 모두 정상적(正常的)이었으나, albumin globulin의 비율(比率)은 전(全) 시험구(試驗區)에서 대조구(對照區)와 공(共)히 약간 낮은 치(値)를 보였다. 3. 간(肝), 신장(腎臟)의 조직도 전시험구(全試驗區)에서 대조구(對照區)와 공(共)히 전시험기간중(全試驗其間中) 이상(異常)이 없었다.