• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.113-130
• /
• 2004

Most multimedia data contain text to emphasize the meaning of the data, to present additional explanations about the situation, or to translate different languages. But, the left makes it difficult to reuse the images, and distorts not only the original images but also their meanings. Accordingly, this paper proposes a support vector machines (SVMs) and spatiotemporal restoration-based approach for automatic text detection and removal in video sequences. Given two consecutive frames, first, text regions in the current frame are detected by an SVM-based texture classifier Second, two stages are performed for the restoration of the regions occluded by the detected text regions: temporal restoration in consecutive frames and spatial restoration in the current frame. Utilizing text motion and background difference, an input video sequence is classified and a different temporal restoration scheme is applied to the sequence. Such a combination of temporal restoration and spatial restoration shows great potential for automatic detection and removal of objects of interest in various kinds of video sequences, and is applicable to many applications such as translation of captions and replacement of indirect advertisements in videos.

• Smart Media Journal
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.33-38
• /
• 2013

In this paper, we investigated baseline estimation methods for remove background noise using Raman spectra from acute alcohol liver injury and acute ethanol-induced chronic liver fibrosis. Far the baseline estimation, we applied first derivative, linear programming and rolling ball method. Optimal input parameter of each method were determined by the training rate of MAP (maximum a posteriori probability) classifier. According to the experimental results, classification results baseline estimation with the rolling ball algorithm gave about 89.4%, which is very promising results for classification of acute alcohol liver injury and acute ethanol-induced chronic liver fibrosis. From these results, to determined the appropriate methods and parameters of baseline estimation impact on classification performance was confirmed.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2011

This paper introduces a video based traffic monitoring system for detecting vehicles and obstacles on the road. To segment moving objects from image sequence, we adopt the background subtraction algorithm based on the local binary patterns (LBP). Recently, LBP based texture analysis techniques are becoming popular tools for various machine vision applications such as face recognition, object classification and so on. In this paper, we adopt an extension of LBP, called the Diagonal LBP (DLBP), to handle the background subtraction problem arise in vision-based autonomous parking systems. It reduces the code length of LBP by half and improves the computation complexity drastically. An edge based shadow removal and blob merging procedure are also applied to the foreground blobs, and a pose estimation technique is utilized for calculating the position and heading angle of the moving object precisely. Experimental results revealed that our system works well for real-time vehicle localization and tracking applications.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.353-358
• /
• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of bone cement-augmented short segment fixation using percutaneous screws for thoracolumbar burst fractures in a background of severe osteoporosis. Methods : Sixteen patients with a single-level thoracolumbar burst fracture (T11-L2) accompanying severe osteoporosis treated from January 2008 to November 2009 were prospectively analyzed. Surgical procedures included postural reduction for 3 days and bone cement augmented percutaneous screw fixation at the fracture level and at adjacent levels without bone fusion. Due to the possibility of implant failure, patients underwent implant removal 12 months after screw fixation. Imaging and clinical findings, including involved vertebral levels, local kyphosis, canal encroachment, and complications were analyzed. Results : Prior to surgery, mean pain score (visual analogue scale) was 8.2 and this decreased to a mean of 2.2 at 12 months after screw fixation. None of the patients complained of pain worsening during the 6 months following implant removal. The percentage of canal compromise at the fractured level improved from a mean of 41.0% to 18.4% at 12 months after surgery. Mean kyphotic angle was improved significantly from $19.8^{\circ}$ before surgery to 7.8 at 12 months after screw fixation. Canal compromise and kyphotic angle improvements were maintained at 6 months after implant removal. No significant neurological deterioration or complications occurred after screw removal in any patient. Conclusion : Bone cement augmented short segment fixation using a percutaneous system can be an alternative to the traditional open technique for the management of selected thoracolumbar burst fractures accompanied by severe osteoporosis.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.21 no.7
• /
• pp.1429-1434
• /
• 2017

In automatic defect detection problem for spectacle lenses, it is important to extract lens area accurately. Many existing detection methods fail to do it due to insufficient minute noise removal. In this paper, we propose an automatic defect detection method using Bresenham algorithm and adaptive binarization strategy. After usual average binarization, we apply Bresenham algorithm that has the power in extracting ellipse shape from image. Then, adaptive binarization strategy is applied to the critical minute noise removal inside the lens area. After noise removal, We can also compute the influence factor of the defect based on the fuzzy logic with two membership functions such as the size of the defect and the distance of the defect from the center of the lens. In experiment, our method successfully extracts defects in 10 out of 12 example images that include CHEMI, MID, HL, HM type lenses.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.108-116
• /
• 2013

BACKGROUND: Certain crop-based waste materials have been recognized as cost-effective and highly efficient adsorbents for removal and recovery of different kind of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The ability is strongly attributed to the carboxyl functional group of some pectin substances such as galacturonic acid often found in fruit peels. The present manuscript was aimed at assessing the potential applicability of banana peel for metal removal from contaminated waters. METHODS AND RESULTS: As revealed by laboratory investigations, banana peel contains pectin (10-21%), lignin (6-12%), cellulose (7.6-9.6%), and hemicelluloses (6.4-9.4%). The pectin extraction is reported to have glucose, galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, and galactouroninc acid. Several studies conducted under different conditions proved that banana peel is capable of adsorbing 5.71, 2.55, 28.00, 6.88, 7.97, and 5.80 mg/g of $Cd^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$, $Pb^{2+}$, and $Zn^{2+}$, respectively, from aqueous solutions. Adsorption capacity is, however, dependent upon several factors including solution pH, dose of adsorbent and metal concentration, contact time and shaking speed. CONCLUSION(S): Since the annual world production of banana exceeds 100 million tons, about 40 million tons of banana peel (40% of total weight of the fresh fruit) remains vastly unused. Exploring a sound technology with banana peel would therefore, not only address the much needed sustainable tool for cleaning contaminated waters, but of course bring an additional value to the banana industry worldwide.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.41
• /
• pp.40.1-40.7
• /
• 2019

Background: Through the analysis of clinical data, we attempted to investigate the etiology and determine the risk of severe iatrogenic lingual nerve injuries in the removal of the mandibular third molar. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for patients who had undergone microsurgical repair of lingual nerve injuries. The following data were collected and analyzed: patient sex, age, nerve injury side, type of impaction (Winter's classification, Pell and Gregory's classification). Ratios for the respective lingual nerve injury group data were compared with the ratios of the respective data for the control group, which consisted of data collected from the literature. The data for the control group included previous patients that encountered various complications during the removal of the mandibular third molar. Results: The lingual nerve injury group consisted of 24 males and 58 females. The rate of female patients with iatrogenic lingual nerve injuries was significantly higher than the control groups. Ages ranged from 15 to 67 years, with a mean age of 36.5 years old. Lingual nerve injury was significantly higher in the patient versus the control groups in age. The lingual nerve injury was on the right side in 46 and on the left side in 36 patients. There was no significant difference for the injury side. The distoangular and horizontal ratios were the highest in our lingual nerve injury group. The distoangular impaction rate in our lingual nerve injury group was significantly higher than the rate for the control groups. Conclusion: Distoangular impaction of the mandibular third molar in female patients in their 30s, 40s, and 50s may be a higher risk factor of severe lingual nerve injury in the removal of mandibular third molars.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.131-136
• /
• 2016

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the patient's pain and quality of life after suture removal at either 3 or 7 days following the bilateral surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars. Methods: This study was a prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial carried out in 30 patients, who acted as their own control. Each patient required the bilaterally impacted mandibular third molars to be extracted. The impacted teeth were removed and the wound margins were approximated and sutured with black braided silk. The suture material was removed on day 3 on one side and on day 7 on the other. Each participant was asked to complete a questionnaire after the removal of the suture material on each designated day. Results: Regarding overall clinical symptoms, the mean VAS scores of male and female participants on day 3 were not significantly different from those on day 7. A significant difference was found in female participants, in that overall daily activity was better on day 7. There were significant differences in the ability to smile and laugh in both sexes and the ability to chew in the male participants was better on day 7. Conclusions: There were no significant differences in the patient's pain and quality of life between suture removal on day 3 or on day 7 following surgery to remove impacted lower third molars.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.313-323
• /
• 2020

Background: Previous studies have investigated the effects of dexamethasone injections into the pterygomandibular space and compared them to those of controls; however, the effects of dexamethasone injections before and after lower third molar surgery on postoperative complications have not been studied. This research investigated the postoperative sequelae of dexamethasone injections before and after surgery into the pterygomandibular space. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of preoperative and postoperative injections of 4 mg of dexamethasone into the pterygomandibular space on postoperative pain, facial swelling, and the restriction of mouth opening following lower third molar surgical removal. Methods: Twenty-seven participants with bilateral symmetrical lower impacted third molars were included in this study. Each participant was randomly allocated to one of two groups. Group A received injections of 1 ml dexamethasone (4 mg/mL) and 1 mL placebo into the pterygomandibular space before and after surgery, respectively. Group B received the same doses of placebo before surgery and dexamethasone after surgery. Results: A significant restriction of mouth opening on the second postoperative day was observed in both groups. Nonetheless, the postoperative restriction of mouth opening, facial swelling, postoperative pain, and analgesic consumption after lower third molar surgical removal were not significantly different in the two groups. Conclusions: Regardless of the time of administration, dexamethasone injections into the pterygomandibular space resulted in satisfactory control of the postoperative sequelae of the mandibular third molar surgical removal.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.459-465
• /
• 1997

The possibility of NAPL removal from contaminated soil was studied using the steam injection technique. Both single (octane, toluene and xylene) and composite NAPL (gasoline) were used as contaminant. Soils used in this study were Chumunjin fine sand and weathered granitic soil, both of which are commonly found in Korea. Experimental results showed that with 1 pore volume steam injection, the NAPL removal rate was in the range of 66∼78% for sand and 45∼73% for weathered granitic soil. The steam injection technique seems to have high potential for soil remediation with advantages of relatively short operating time and no side-effect. Rise in the background temperature led to the delay of steam condensation and the increase of NAPL mobility, which resulted in the improvement of removal efficiency. In addition, water flooding after steam injection turned out to be a very efficient way of removing NAPL residual in the soil pores.