• PNF and Movement
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.9-16
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• 2009

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect on psychosocial status in elderly women with chronic low back pain after practicing lumbar stabilizing exercise using the gym ball, and to developed and activated on exercise program for healthy senile life. Methods : The subjects were 23 elderly women with chronic low back pain. Mean age of subjects was $67{\pm}13$ years. The lumbar stabilizing exercise using the gym ball was performed 3 times a week during the 8 weeks study period. The research tool were ODI(Oswestry Disability Index), VAS(Visual Analogue Scale), SES(Self-esteem Scale), GDSSF-K(Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form Korea Version), PSS (perceived stress scale), Life satisfaction, and MMSE-K. The analysis of data was processed by the statistical program SPSS 12.0 and paired t-test and frequency analysis were used to compare psychosocial status between the pretest and post tests. Result : The lumbar stabilizing exercise using the gym ball increased significantly SES and Life satisfaction of subjects, and ODI, VAS(trunk flexion & trunk extention), GDSSF-K, and PSS were decreased significantly(p<.05). While VAS(trunk rotation) were not significantly. Conclusion : The lumbar stabilizing exercise using the gym ball improved psychosocial status in elderly women with chronic low back pain.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Among the various types of solar cells, silicon based two terminal tandem solar cell is one of the most popular one. It is designed to split the absorption of incident AM1.5 solar radiation among two of its component cells, thereby widening the wavelength range of external quantum efficiency (EQE) spectra of the device, in comparison to that of a single junction solar cell. In order to improve the EQE spectra further and raise short circuit current density ($J_{sc}$) an optimization of the tradeoff between the top and bottom cell is needed. In an optimized cell structure, the $J_{sc}$ and hence efficiency of the device can further be enhanced with the help of light trapping scheme. This can be achieved by texturing front and back surface as well as a back reflector of the device. In this brief review we highlight the development of light trapping in the silicon based tandem solar cell.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.6 s.177
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• pp.1499-1512
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• 2000

The dynamic explicit finite element method and the static implicit finite element method are applied effectively to analyze total auto-body panel stamping processes, which include the forming stage , the trimming stage and the spring-back stage.\The explicit time integration method has better merits in the forming stage including highly complicated three-dimensional contact conditions. On the contrary, the implicit time integration method is better for analyzing spring-back since the complicated contact conditions are removed and the computing time to get the final static state is short. In this work, brief descriptions of the formulation and the factor study are presented. Further, the simulated results for the total auto-body panel stamping processes are shown and discussed. The formability and the weld line movement in stamping with Tailor Welded Blanks were investigated through QTR-OTR-FRT.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.497-506
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• 2015

Gravity variations due to the 2011 Tohoku (M9.0) earthquake, which occurred at the plate boundaries near the northeastern coast of Japan, were estimated through the GRACE spherical harmonic (Stokes) coefficients derived from the CSR. About -5 μGal gravity variation by the GRACE data was found in the back-arc basin area with respect to a reference gravity model. The mean gravity variations in the back-arc basin area and the Japan Trench area were -4.4 and -3.2 μGal in order. The small negative gravity variations around the Japan Trench area can be interpreted by both crustal dilatation and the seafloor topography change in comparison with the large negative gravity variations in the back-arc basin area by co-seismic crustal dilatation of the landward plate. From the results of the gravity variations, vertical displacements generated from relatively short wavelength caused by the earthquake were estimated by use of multi-beam bathymetric measurements obtained from JAMSTEC. The maximum seafloor topography changes of about ±50 m were found at west side of the Japan Trench axis by the earthquake. The seafloor topography change by the megathrust earthquake can be considered as the results of the landslide of the seafloor throughout the landward side.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.3361-3370
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• 1996

Micro-Macro approach is conducted for the mixture solidification to handle the closely linked phenomena of microscopic solute redistribution and macroscopic solidification behavior. For this purpose, present work combines the efficiency of mixture theory for macro part and the capability of microscopic analysis of two-phase model for micro part. The micro part of present study is verified by comparison with experiment of Al-4.9 mass% Cu alloy. The effect of back diffusion on the macroscopic variables such as temperature and liquid concentration, is appreciable. The effect, however, is considerable on the mixture concentration and eutectic fraction which are indices of macro and micro segregation, respectively. According to the diffusion time, the behavior near the cooling wall where relatively rapid solidification permits short solutal diffusion time, approaches Scheil equation limit and inner part approaches lever rule limit.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.21-29
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• 2013

Purpose. This study was to investigate that the adjustment of Chiropractic pelvis method have effect on body balance and improvement people who has some problem in their daily life. Methods. With 20 students of experiment group and 20 students of compare group who has cervical syndrome, experiment group has adjustment of chiropractic pelvis 2 times a week for 4 weeks, the other group who didn't take any action. Results. As a result, center of body of experiment group wasn't improved relations between left and right statistically. But the relations between front and back of center of body increased statistically, cross analysis relations between short leg and center of body increased statistically. Conclusions. As a conclusion, experiment group with the front of center of body was improved 12.88% average of center of body. Experiment group with back of center of body was improved 13.84% average of center of body. This result come to the conclusion that chiropractic pelvis adjustment help the front and back of body balance.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was to compare the effects of early ambulation to usual care of late ambulation in patients with transarterial chemoembolization on back pain, discomfort, and puncture site complications. Methods: A nonequivalent control pretest-posttest design was used. Total 40 patients were recruited from a gastrointestinal unit of an urban general hospital in Seoul, South Korea. The experimental group began to ambulate after 4 hours of bed rest with a compression bandage after receiving transarterial chemoembolization. The control group stayed in bed with a compression bandage overnight. Results: Back pain was not significantly different between the two group. The experimental group reported significantly lower discomfort than the control group. There was no incidence of bleeding complications on puncture site between two groups. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that early ambulation with four hours of bed rest after femoral sheet removal did not cause bleeding complications compared to the usual care and even decreased patients' level of discomfort due to bed rest. Repetitive research on the effect of short bed rest is warranted for its clinical utilization.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.487-500
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• 2014

A new method to calculate the transmittable prevalence of an epidemic disease is proposed based on a back-calculation formula. We calculated the probabilities of reactivation and of parasitemia as well as transmittable prevalence (the number of persons with parasitemia in the incubation period) of malaria in South Korea using incidence of 12 years(2001-2012). For this computation, a new probability function of transmittable condition is obtained. The probability of reactivation is estimated by the least squares method for the back-calculated longterm incubation period. The probability of parasitemia is calculated by a convolution of the survival function of the short-term incubation function and the probability of reactivation. Transmittable prevalence is computed by a convolution of the infected numbers and the probabilities of transmission. Confidence intervals are calculated using the parametric bootstrap method. The method proposed is applicable to other epidemic diseases in other countries where incidence and a long incubation period are available. We found the estimated transmittable prevalence in South Korea was concentrated in the summer with 276 cases on a peak at the $31^{st}$ week and with about a 60% reduction in the peak from the naive prevalence. The statistics of transmittable prevalence can be used for malaria prevention programs and to select blood transfusion donors.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.21-25
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• 2014

The texturing is one of the most important processes for high efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells. The rear side flatness of silicon solar cell is very important for increasing the light reflectance and forming uniform back surface field(BSF) region in manufacturing high efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells. We investigated texturing difference between front and rear side of wafer by texturing of two adhered wafers. As a result, the flatter rear side was obtained by forming less pyramid size compared to the front side and improved reflectance of long wavelength and back surface field(BSF) region were also achieved. Therefore, the texturing of two adhered wafers can be expected to improve the efficiency of silicon solar cells due to increased short circuit current(Isc).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.881-885
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• 2017

This work presents a new technique for discriminating between alpha particles of different energy levels. In a first study, two groups of alpha particles emitted from radium-226 and americium-241 sources were successfully separated using a CR-39 microfilm of appropriate thickness. This thickness was adjusted by chemical etching before and after irradiation so that lower-energy particles were stopped within the detector, while higher-energy particles were revealed on the back side of the detector. The number of tracks on the front side of the microfilm represented all alpha particles incident on that side from the two sources. However, the number of tracks on the back side of the microfilm represented only the long-range alpha particles of higher energy that arrived at that side. Therefore, by subtracting the number of tracks on the back side from the number of tracks on the front side, one could easily determine the number of tracks for the short-range alpha particles of lower energy that remained embedded in the microfilm. Discrimination of the two energy levels is thus achieved in a simple, fast, and reliable process.