• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.243-246
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• 2003

We have used a plasma etching method in order to develop a concave-type Pt electrode capacitor to overcome the limitation of conventional stack-type capacitor in a small critical-dimension (CD) pattern. We have deposited Pt layer on the concave-type structure made by patterning of $SiO_2$ and subsequently we separated the adjacent nodes by etch-back process with photoresist (PR) as a protecting layer.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.125-125
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• 2006

We present a low temperature thermal process for the transparent dielectric layer, barrier rib, and white back dielectric layer on the soda-lime glass substrate of the PDP by the $TruNano^{TM}$ processor in combination with a compositional modification to the conventional dielectric pastes. By this method the firing temperature can be lowered by more than $100^{\circ}C$.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.1135-1139
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• 1989

Three layered neural network was applied for the pattern recognition problem of human spermatozoa in clinical test. The goodness of recognition rate was studied in relation to the number of hidden layer cells and of output layer cells. The proposed method provided better results than conventional template matching technique. Parallel processing of the back propagation learning algorithm was also studied using transputers and its performance was evaluated.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.29B no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 1992

This paper proposes a neuro-controller for position control of one-link flexible robot arm. Basically the controller consists of a multi-layer neural network and a conventional PD controller. Two controller are parallelly connected. Neural network is traind by the conventional error back propagation learning rules. During learning period, the weights of neural network are adjusted to minimize the position error between the desired hub angle and the actual one. Finally the effectiveness of the proposed approach will be demonstrated by computer simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.157-159
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• 2009

LED BLU(Back Light Unit), based on MCPCB(Metal Core Printed Circuit Board) with anodizing oxide dielectric layer and improved thermal dissipation property, are presented. Reflecting cups were also formed on the surface of the MCPCB such that optical coupling between neighboring chips were minimized for improving the photon extraction efficiency. LED chips were directly attached on the MCPCB by using the COB (Chip On Board) scheme.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2002

This paper presents a back-calculation technique leer the prediction of the behavior of earth wall inserted in multi-layered soil deposit. The soil properties are back-calculated from the measured displacement at each construction stage and the behavior of earth wall far the next construction stage is predicted using back-calculated soil properties. For multi-layered soil deposit, the back-calculation would be very difficult due to the increase in the number of variables. In this study, to solve this difficulty, the back-calculation was performed successively from the lowest layer to the upper layers. An efficient elasto-plastic beam-column analysis was used for forward analysis to minimize the computation time of iterative back-calculation procedure. The coefficients of subgrade reaction and lateral earth pressure necessary for the formation of p-y curve were selected as back calculation variables, and to minimize the effect of abnormal behavior of the wall which might be caused by any unexpected action during construction, the difference between measured displacement increment and computed displacement increment at each construction stages is used as the objective function of optimization. The constrained sequential linear programming was used for the optimization technique to found values of variables minimizing the objective function. The proposed method in this study was verified using numerically generated data and measured field data.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.70-79
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• 2003

Paper coating can give smoothness surface and good printability to uncoated paper. Macro roughness of base paper would be decreasing its groove and grit in view of side. Nevertheless its improving effect for paper, some kind of problem is showing in the fine coated paper. Especially, back trap mottle is one of serious problems in printing with fine coated paper. Printers can not adjust conditions to overcome the problem. Also large amounts of paper can be rejected. There are many factors that influence back trap mottle. However it is not clear what the important parameters are in back trap mottle. Back trap mottle has some relationship with ink setting but good guidelines are not clear. Back trap mottle has been linked to non-uniform ink setting. We do not know how much variation in setting we can tolerate. Other mottle issues such as micro-picking and ink refusal are still common. This paper was prepared to identify correlation with ink setting and delta ink density obtained from experiment and then tried to find out some relationships with ink setting and back trap mottle. Basically fine calcium carbonate and ciay was used for main components and coarse calcium carbonate was mixed in two fine pigments to change its porosity and ink acceptance. Micro ink tack force at KRK printing tester was adapted to measure ink setting rate. KRK units were used for back trap mottle simulation and two printed samples were prepared to check delta ink density. Clay base coating has more fast ink setting time than calcium carbonate's though smoothness of clay was better than calcium carbonate. It could be explained by that clay has finer pore in its coating than calcium carbonate. DID(delta ink density) has shown a good correlation with ink setting time from micro ink tack. The total pore volume of coating layer did not match with ink setting and DID. From the results we might conclude coating that has fine pore size around 0.05 ${\mu}m$ can be exposed to high possibility of back trap mottle.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 2002

The cement injection technology on the purpose of ground reinforcement and cut-off has been used in construction sites until now. However, recently it is applied to prevent leakage of underground structure. In this study, applicability of the back side waterproof grouting method was verified through performing field model tests and reviewing case histories. From the results of this study, injection shape of the back side waterproof grouting method was appeared to be root type, and waterproof effect by injection of cement grout material was excellent because grout material infiltrated into boundary between wall of structure and back side ground to be waterproof layer. Components influencing infiltration of injection material are type of soil and degree of compaction. For effective injection, injection pressure has to vary gradually from high pressure to low pessure and small quantity of injection material has to be injected for long times. Also, spacing of injection hole must be designed considering condition of back side ground, injection area, W/C ratio, the number of injection and injection pattern properly.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 2015

Cu doping by copper or $Cu_2Te$ materials enhances p+ formation in CdTe near the back contact interface, allowing better formation of ohmic contact. However, the Cu in CdTe junction is also considered as a principal component of CdTe cell degradation. In this paper, Na-doped ZnTe layer was employed as a back contact material to improve the stability of CdTe solar cells. As a process variable, post $CdCl_2$ treatment of CdS/CdTe film was conducted before or after depositing ZnTe:Na on CdTe. The change of the photovoltaic properties of CdTe cells were investigated with aging time. Low-temperature photoluminescence analysis was conducted to describe the degradation mechanism. The result showed that the CdTe solar cells with better stability compare to Cu contact were achieved using an optimized ZnTe:Na back contact.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.1199-1204
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• 1997

SiC conversion layer was fabricated by the chemical vapor reaction between graphite substrate and silica powder. The CVR process was carried out in nitrogen atmosphere at 175$0^{\circ}C$ and 185$0^{\circ}C$. From the reduction of silica powder with graphite substrate, the SiO vapor was created, infiltrated into the graphite substrate, then, the SiC conversion layer was formed from the vapor-solid reaction of SiO and graphite. In the XRD pattern of conversion layer, it was confirmed that 3C $\beta$-SiC phase was created at 175$0^{\circ}C$ and 185$0^{\circ}C$. Also, in the back scattered image of cross-sectional conversion layer, it was found that the conversion layer was easily formed at 185$0^{\circ}C$, the interface of graphite substrate and SiC layer was observed. It was though that the coke particle size and density of graphite substrate mainly affect the XRD pattern and microstructure of SiC conversion layer. In the oxidation test of 100$0^{\circ}C$, the SiC converted graphites exhibited good oxidation resistance compared with the unconverted graphites.