• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제8권5호
• /
• pp.755-762
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this research which, surveyed target hospitals, was to evaluate job operations by surveying the influences of Quality Improvement (QI) activities in various divisions related to a decrease in their back-up orders. Statistical data analyses were completed using the SPSS 11.0 program. The results can be summarized as follows Before QI there were 147 cases of back-up orders ; after QI there were 83 cases, decrease of 64 cases. This was 44%, less than the projected goal of 50%. For each item, there was a decrease of 40 nurse cases, 9 patients and patron cases,9 test surgery deliverly cases and 5 doctor cases after QI. The registering of midnight meals was not shown after QI, due to the Order Communication System (OCS) settlement. After performing QI, the average manual operation per month was reduced from 840 minutes to 498 minutes, of which the difference was 342 minutes, and the average of 342 minutes per month could be used for the peculiar operation of each division. This QI activity provided a good opportunity for establishing cooperation among divisions in providing meals to patients through interactions among divisions. It was recognized that these interactions were effective only when medical services were achieved through organized cooperation among divisions. Among the 7 items included on the patient satisfaction questionnaire, “satisfaction with offered menus” (p<0.01) showed significantly higher scores before QI. However “satisfaction with meal times” (p<0.01) showed significantly lower scores before QI.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 1984

In this paper, the patient data back-up system for medical and engineering field was designed. The system consists of 8-bit microprocessor, cassette recorder and data acquisition & control logic. To Inake data reduction, a Marked CORTES Algorythm which can be easily reconstructed was also designed in real time mode. In results, a Marked CORTES Algorythm produced about 35% data reduction rate and reconstructed good original data that are suitable Medician's reading.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보과학회 2012년도 한국컴퓨터종합학술대회논문집 Vol.39 No.1(B)
• /
• pp.241-243
• /
• 2012

본 논문은 스테이트 플로우에서 작성된 제어 흐름 그래프를 전개하여 테스트 케이스를 뽑아내기 위한 기존 제어 흐름 그래프 전개 알고리즘에 대해서 소개한다. 그리고 기존 제어 흐름 그래프전개 알고리즘의 단점으로 지적되는 비효율적인 측면, 즉 불필요한 하위 트리의 복사 등의 단점을 개선하기 위해 Back-Up Free라는 개념을 소개하고, Back-Up Free 개념을 적용하여 좀 더 개선된 제어 흐름 그래프전개 알고리즘의 아이디어를 설명한다.

• 전기화학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.27-29
• /
• 2002

본 연구는 메탄올과 공기를 이용하여 상온, 상압에서 전기를 발생시키는 휴대폰용 전원공급 장치의 개발에 관한 것이다. 이 장치는 직접 메탄을 연료전지(DMFC)와 Back-up전지가 병렬로 연결되어 있어, 통화시 소요 전력의 최대 $50\%$ DMFC가 공급하고 나머지 부분은 Back-up 전지가 공급한다. 또한 통화 대기시에는 DMFC가 $100\%$ 필요 전력을 공급하고, 잉여 전력으로 Back-up전지를 충전한다. 상기 DMFC는 유효면적이 $9cm^2$인 8개의 단위전지가 직렬로 연결되어 있으며, 휴대폰의 작동 전압 범위인 2.5-3.9V의 전압을 출력한다.

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.124-129
• /
• 2008

Net shape forging technologies give many effects into the costs and qualities for the finished products. So, the studies to reduce the additional machining amount are very important in forging industry. Specially, there are two main topics in cold forging industry, such as, tool life and precision forging. In this study, new forging technique was proposed to eliminate the machining process for fixing up the length and improve the lead accuracy of gear. The luck-up hub is manufactured through many processes, such as upsetting, piercing and direct extrusion. The gear is formed in direct extrusion process; however, lead accuracy of the gear is over allowance limit. Therefore, the additional sizing process must be added. In this study, process design for closed-die forging of a lock-up hub used for a component of automobile transmission was made using three-dimensional finite element simulations, and the strain distributions and velocity distributions are investigated through the post processor. The rigid-plastic finite-element method for back pressure forging has been used in order to reduce development time and die cost. Using the FEM simulation, we found the optimum value of back pressure. The prototypes of lock-up hub parts were forged into the net-shape. In the experiment, lead precision of tooth are measured by the CCMM(Contact Coordinate Measuring Machine). The dimensional accuracy of forged part was improved up to the 40% when back press was applied.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2010

Due to excellent weld quality, orbital welding with TIG is widely applied to pipe welding. But concave back bead is formed easily in overhead and inclined-up position of butt orbital welding. It is difficult to find a paper to overcome this problem. In this study, in order to make convex back bead in overhead and inclined-up position of pipe 5G welding, control method of molten pool was actively investigated. Melt run welds were conducted on thickness 4.0mm SS400 with overhead and inclined-up position and was observed the variation of bead shape after welding with the bead former developed. The height of back bead showed the trend of increase as the distance from molten pool to the bead former was decreased. Also, there is no trend in the bead width of front and back as welding position was changed or the distance from molten pool to the bead former was decreased.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.243-249
• /
• 2011

To reduce manufacturing costs of crystalline silicon solar cells, silicon wafers have become thinner. In relation to this, the properties of the aluminium-back surface field (Al-BSF) are considered an important factor in solar cell performance. Generally, screen-printing and a rapid thermal process (RTP) are utilized together to form the Al-BSF. This study evaluates Al-BSF formation on a (111) textured back surface compared with a (100) flat back surface with variation of ramp up rates from 18 to $89^{\circ}C$/s for the RTP annealing conditions. To make different back surface morphologies, one side texturing using a silicon nitride film and double side texturing were carried out. After aluminium screen-printing, Al-BSF formed according to the RTP annealing conditions. A metal etching process in hydrochloric acid solution was carried out to assess the quality of Al-BSF. Saturation currents were calculated by using quasi-steady-state photoconductance. The surface morphologies observed by scanning electron microscopy and a non-contacting optical profiler. Also, sheet resistances and bulk carrier concentration were measured by a 4-point probe and hall measurement system. From the results, a faster ramp up during Al-BSF formation yielded better quality than a slower ramp up process due to temperature uniformity of silicon and the aluminium surface. Also, in the Al-BSF formation process, the (111) textured back surface is significantly affected by the ramp up rates compared with the (100) flat back surface.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.45-55
• /
• 2022

Background: This study compared the effects of trunk stabilization exercise and hip joint exercises on the range of motion of the lumbar spine, pain severity, and severity of disability in patients with chronic lower back pain. Methods: A total of 30 participants were enrolled and divided into group 1 (n=10), group 2 (n=10), and group 3 (n=10) were performed by each group thrice a week for a total of 8 weeks. Group 1 performed warm-up exercise (15 min), trunk stabilization exercise (25 min), finish-up exercise (15mins). Group 2 performed warm-up exercise (15 min), hip exercise (25 mins, finish-up exercise (15mins). Group 3 warm-up exercise (15 min), trunk stabilization and hip exercise (25 min), Finish-up exercise (15 min). Participants were assessed for the range of motion of the lumbar spine, pain severity (visual analog scale score; VAS), and severity of disability (Oswestry disability index score; ODI) before and after the interventions. Results: All three groups showed a significant increase in the range of motion of the lumbar spine, but there was no significant difference among the groups. Moreover, the severity of pain and ODI were significantly decreased in all groups; however, the intergroup differences were non-significant. Conclusion: The results from this study confirmed the effectiveness of trunk stabilization and hip joint exercise in improving the lumbar range of motion, pain severity, and chronic lower back pain in patients. Thus, trunk and pelvic stabilization exercises and hip joint exercise can be used as clinical practices to treat and prevent chronic lower back pain.

• 정보저장시스템학회논문집
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.117-122
• /
• 2006

A novel method to find interaction dynamics between focusing direction and tracking direction in an optical pick-up is proposed. and the decoupling control to reduce the interaction effect is discussed. First, the basic principle to detect dynamic interaction analysis using back electromotive force is introduced. Second, the interaction analysis between focusing and tracking direction of is analyzed for a commercial slim type optical pick-up. Finally. decoupling control process and its simulation results are shown.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소성가공학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.144-147
• /
• 1998

VCR is a back-up roll with a special contour which leads to the length of the contact line between back-up roll and work becones self adjustable in accordance with the width of the strip. The simulation of a finite element model and the on-line test at production mill demonstrate that the VCR roll may keep the crown of the roll gap relatively stable, and at same time, permit the rolling pressure to be adjusted over a wider range, and increase the effect of work roll bending on the roll gap. The VCR rolls have been successfully used at the first stands of two largest cold rolling mills in China, and on-line test has been done at a wide hot strip finishing train. The use of VCR roll has created favorable conditions for subsequent rolling passes and the achievement of better flatness quality.