• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.147-163
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• 2009

This study was attempted in order to look into 'Assist work' as to Implant system which dental hygienists perform in a clinical field. Subjects of this research were 362 dental hygienists who work at general hospital, University hospital, dental hospital, and dental clinics located in Seoul, Kyeong-gi, In-chon, and Jeon-buk area. As to research tool, we produced questionnaire which was comprised of the total 25 items regarding 3 of general features (age, career of dental hygienist, and personality), 6 of implant system assist work, 3 of Informed consent before surgery, 6 of preoperative preparation and maintenance related business, and 7 items related to postoperative maintenance. By using SPSS program, collected data was analyzed. Results of analysis in this study were as follow; 1. As to implant related education, dental hygienists' experience of education was high as 77.7%, and the people who is needed more education was 86.3%. Consequently, dental hygienists' concern about the implant related education was very high. 2. It was observed that most of informed consent making approvement by announcement to the surgical operation was made by dental hygienist before implant as 95%. 3. Over 80% of dental hygienists performed acquisition of cleanliness technology, motivation, back up articles preparation, treatment area arrangement, and etc. which we can check by preoperative maintenance items. In particular, response about the motivation was very high as more than 90%. 4. When performing an operation, in the case of disinfecting finger was low for 53.9% and the method was mainly washing with drug solution, and gown sterilization was performed only in 52.2%. Therefore education regarding disinfection was urgently needed. 5. Significance of education could be known that answers of hygienists experienced education appeared highly in items of maintenance method and there was statistically significant difference(p<0.05). 6. In case that assist work were 21cases or greater, agitation measurement was the most many performed in 68.9% and difference was showed up significantly(p<0.001). 7. Evaluation about periodontal tissue was high in dental hygienists who had experienced education and also there was statistically significant difference. In conclusion, assist work of dental hygienists was very comprehensive when implant surgery was performed, and all of items excluding hand disinfection or gown disinfection were highly showed up in most of hygienists. However, since there is the limit that we didn't investigate the quality of performing contents. It is considered that further study regarding the content has to be progressed for supporting this result in the future.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the different types and levels of prebiotics on intestinal microflora and fermentation products in the in vitro fermentation model. The prebiotcs used in this study were IMO (iso-malto oligosaccharide), CI (partially digested chicory-inulin), RA (raffinose) and CD (cyclodextrin). Experimental diet for growing pigs was predigested by digestive enzymes and this hydrolyzed diet was mixed with buffer solution containing 5% fresh swine feces. Then, the mixture was fermented with or without prebiotics at the concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0% for 24 h. Samples were taken at 24 h, and viable count of micoflora, gas, pH, volatile organic compounds and short-chain fatty acids were determined. The viable count of Enterobacteriaceae was significantly decreased (p<0.001) in all treatments added with prebiotics in comparison to control without prebiotics. However, the increase of lactic acid bacteria was observed in the prebiotics treatment. Gas production increased as the level of prebiotics increased. The pH values in the fermentation fluid decreased in a dose-dependent manner with increasing the concentration of prebiotics. The fermentation with prebiotics resulted in the reduction of malodorous compounds such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, indole and skatole. The increase in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production was observed in the treatments with prebiotics. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated that the fermentation with prebiotics was effective in reducing the formation of malodorous compounds and increasing lactic acid bacteria and SCFA. These effects depended on the concentration of prebiotics. Moreover, further study is needed to determine whether the in vitro efficacy on the reduction of malodorous compounds and increase of SCFA would also be observed in animals.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2011

Balneotherapy has been widely used for the treatment of skin diseases in the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the bath effect of the alkaline reduced spring water with the properties of high pH and low oxidation reduction potential (ORP) on the skin injury induced by ultra violet (UV) irradiation. For this purpose, hairless mice were irradiated with UV-B to cause skin injury, and individually taken a bath in spring water (experimental group) and tap water (control group) once a day for 40 min during 21 days. We observed histological changes of the back skin through macro- and microscopic methods compared to the control group. We found that skin injury of the experimental group was more quickly recovered than that of the control group. Under the light microscope, the experimental group showed that epidermal thickening (p<0.01) and the mast cell activation (p<0.001) were lower compared with the control group, in addition infiltration of inflammatory cells and degranulation of mast cells were less observed. These results suggest that regular bath in the spring water with the properties of high pH and low ORP has a positive effect on the skin injury induced by UV irradiation.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 2020

Background This study aimed to determine the magnitude of volume reduction of the latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle after treatment using only postoperative radiotherapy (PORTx) in patients who underwent immediate breast reconstruction using an extended LD musculocutaneous (eLDMC) flap after partial mastectomy. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 28 patients who underwent partial mastectomy and an eLDMC flap, received only PORTx, and underwent chest computed tomography (CT) 7 to 10 days after surgery and 18±4 months after the end of radiotherapy, from March 2011 to June 2016. The motor nerve to the LD was resected in all patients. One plastic surgeon performed the procedures, and the follow-up period was at least 36 months (mean, 46.6 months). The author obtained LD measurements from axial CT views, and the measurements were verified by an experienced radiologist. The threshold for statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results A statistically significant decrease in the LD volume was found after the end of PORTx (range, 61.19%-80.82%; mean, 69.04%) in comparison to the measurements obtained 7 to 10 days postoperatively (P<0.05). All cases were observed clinically for over 3 years. Conclusions The size of an eLDMC flap should be determined considering an average LD reduction of 69% after PORTx. Particular care should be taken in determining the size of an eLDMC flap if the LD is thick or if it occupies a large portion of the flap.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.81-87
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of electrical stimulation on the number of MCs and percent of degranulated MCs in rat skin. Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two group; electrical stimulation group (n=6) and control group (n=6). Each animals hair on the back was removed. The electrical stimulation group received an positive rectangular pulsed electrical stimulation, while the control group was given the same treatment without electricity. The biopsy specimens were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin and stained with toluidine blue-nuclear fast red and alcian blue-safranin O. respectively. The MCs were counted using a light microscope and computerized image analysis system and calculated as the density and the percent. A t-test showed a significantly higher density of MCs in the electrical stimulated rats than control rats(p<0.05), and the percent of degranulated MCs in the electrical stimulated rats was higher than in the control rats (p<0.05) in toluidine blue stained sections. The density of MCs was significantly higher in the electrical stimulated rats than the control rats in alcian blue-safranin O Stained sections (P<0.01). An analysis of variance showed that the densities of CTMCs was significantly lower than the densities of MMCs and mixed MCs in electrical stimulated rat in alcian blue-safranin O Stained sections (p<0.05). These results suggest that the electrical stimulation may have potential for increasing the number of MCs and lead to degranulate the MCs in rat skin.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of microamperage electrical stimulation on the number of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) in rat skin. Twenty four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into electrical stimulation and control group. Bach animals hair on the back was removed. The electrical stimulation group received an positive rectangular positive electrical stimulation with $500{\mu}A$, while the control group was given the same treatment without electricity. The rats were sacrificed at 4 and 7 day of stimulation, respectively. The biopsy specimens were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin and stained with silver nitrate. The AgNOR were counted using a light microscope and computerized image analysis system and calculated as the mean number of AgNOR per nucleus in the epidermal keratinocyte. In control skin, the mean AgNOR count of epidermal keratinocyte at 4 and 7 day were 1.67 and 1.72, whereas electrical stimulated rat had mean AgNOR counts of 2.0 and 2.14, respectively. A Student's t-test showed a significantly higher mean AgNOR number at 4 ana 7 day in the electrical stimulated rats than control rats (p<0.05). The microamperage electric current stimulation increased the epidermal AgMOR expression in incisional wound skin. These results suggest that the microamperage electrical stimulation may promote migration and proliferative activity of epidermal keratinocyte in surgical wound.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.318-322
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• 2011

Three dogs with severe traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) due to falling wound were admitted to the Veterinary Medical Center, Chonbuk National University for evaluation of severe pelvic limbs paralysis without deep pain, normal defecation and urination. Based on physical examination, neurological assessment and computed tomogram (CT), the diagnosis was made as subluxation and compressed fracture. All the cases were surgically treated with dorsal laminectomy and a spondylosyndesis using pin and bone cements. For 2 weeks, the dogs didn't show any improvement. Consequently, the dogs were treated with electroacupuncture (EA) and Duhuojisheng-tang (DHJST). All the dogs got back the deep pain and presented wagged tail on 14-35 days after starting EA with DHJST. Especially, two of 3 dogs recovered almost normal ambulation and capacities of urination and defecation. But, one dog failed to regain normal ambulation due to inflammation of operative site which is thought to be caused by the bone cement. From these cases, it was thought that the combination of EA and DHJST mightbe one of the suitable therapies in dogs with no neurological improvement.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.128-135
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• 2016

This study examined radiation damage and the optimal gamma-ray dose for mutation breeding in oat (Avena sativa L. cv. Samhan). The seed germination rate decreased as the dose increased over 500 Gy. The median lethal dose (LD₅₀) was approximately 392 Gy. The median reduction dose (RD₅₀) for plant height, tiller number, root length, and flash weight was 411, 403, 394, and 411 Gy, respectively. The optimal dose of gamma irradiation for inducing oat mutation appears to be in the range 300-400 Gy. We performed the comet assay to observe nuclear DNA damage induced by gamma-ray irradiation. This assay showed a clear difference with gamma-ray treatments. DNA damage increased temporarily 7 days after treatment depending on the dose, while no significant difference was identified in response to 300 Gy 30 days after the gamma-ray treatments. The growth characteristics of the M₂ generation decreased as the dose increased over 400 Gy.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.72-85
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• 1992

The analysis of visitor's behavior in Hallasan National Park was executed for a month in september, 1990. In the characteristics of trip purpose, the nature-oriented motive was 68.9% of the total. And in the characteristics of the accompanied, the ratio of such items as company, friends,2-3 persons and above 12 persons was generally high. The ratio of lunch box was 62.7％ and the item of bring back waste treatment was 69.6% in the characteristic of activity. The degree of landscape satisfaction was 3.98 and comparatively high on considering the maximum degree of 5.0, but in the degree of facility, the degree of dissatisfaction was high. Therefore the degree of total satisfaction was 3.43. In the opinion of users, the entrance by order of arrival, the adoption of reserved system and the limitation of the entrance of a group were gen- orally objected but the adoptation of nature rest-rotation system was comparatively assented Specially, visitor center was rarely used but many visitor who has attended there positively think about it. In factor analysis, 4 factors were extracted. Facilitate, social. user behavior and natural property were the most affecting factor to psychological satisfaction test. Multiple regression results showed that cleanness, land-scape, safety, no. of wastebasket and crowdness items affected the total satisfaction variable in total and local area.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.338-344
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• 1992

This test has been carried out to clear the effectiveness of pyrethroid insecticides to the Diamond back moth, that was complained by a farmer. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Effectiveness of Pyrethroids to suceptable strain and the results of chemical anaysis on the ingredients of pyrethroikds were normal at recommended concentrations. The effect ualue of pyrethroid by which the blocks were only one time treated was 57-59%, whereas the blocks sprayed 4 consecutive times of pyrethroid didn't show any effectiveness as shown in larval increasing rate of 489-552%. Among the results of field test conducted from 1990 to 1991 at 7 area, Dae Gu area showed the highest Effectiveness as 95-98%. However, Pyong Taek area, showed the least effectiveness as 0% in effect value. The resistant population which was collected at Tae kwan Ryung area was resurrected susceptability as much as JMC, in case of Placing it in non-treatment environment, whereas the pupulation which was revealed to pyrethroids for 6 genetations showed as much as 341-544 times of resistance compared with JMC. The non-effectiveness of pyrethroids to Diamondback moth which was complainted by a certain farmer named Mr Ju, was clearly resulted by the development of insect resistance. In Korea, the resistance of Diamondback moth to pyrethroids has developed in some area, as well as the resistance of pyrethroids has developed according to the continuous use of Insecticides, and the susceptability resurrected by stopping the use of pyrethroids. The result from this test would suggest that the pyrethroid insecticides should be applied in turb with other insecticides.