• Title/Summary/Keyword: Bacillus cereus D-3

Search Result 61, Processing Time 0.02 seconds

Prevalence and Toxin Genes of Food-Borne Pathogens Isolated from Toothbrush in Child Care Center (보육시설 유아 사용 칫솔의 식중독 미생물 분포 및 독소 유전자)

  • Kim, Jong-Seung;Kim, Jung-Beom
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
    • /
    • v.30 no.3
    • /
    • pp.242-248
    • /
    • 2015
  • This study was performed to investigate the microbiological contamination on toothbrushes, toothbrush caps, and tooth cleaning cups in the child care centers and to evaluate the toxin genes, toxin production ability and antibiotic resistance of food-borne pathogens. The average number of total aerobic bacteria and fungi were 5.3 log CFU and 3.2 log CFU. Coliform bacteria were detected in 41 (54.7%) of 75 toothbrushes, 13 (44.8%) of 29 toothbrush caps, and 29 (44.6%) of 65 tooth cleaning cups. Salmonella spp. was not detected in all of samples but Bacillus cereus was isolated from 1 (1.3%) of 75 toothbrushes and 2 (3.1%) of 65 tooth cleaning cups. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 1 (1.5%) of 65 tooth cleaning cups. The nheA, nheB, nheC, hblC, hblD, hblA and entFM toxin genes were possessed in B. cereus isolated from toothbrush which also produce NHE and HBL enterotoxins. S. aureus was resistant to ampicillin and penicillin, while B. cereus was resistant to ${\beta}-lactam$ antibiotics. These results indicated that the sanitary conditions of toothbrushes and tooth cleaning cups in the child care centers should be improved promptly. The UV sterilization after drying and then storage in dried condition is required to improve the sanitary condition of toothbrushes and tooth cleaning cups in the child care center.

Antibacterial Activities of Ginkgo Biloba Leaves Extracts Against Isolated Bacteria from Museums (박물관에서 분리된 세균에 대한 은행잎 추출물의 항균활성)

  • Kwon, Young-Suk;Cho, Hyun-Hok;Jeong, Seong-Yun;Lee, Sang-Youb;Kim, Min-Ju;Cho, Sun-Ja;Lee, Sang-Joon
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
    • /
    • v.15 no.10
    • /
    • pp.983-988
    • /
    • 2006
  • The textile remains have been affected largely by environmental factors including microorganisms because they were composed of organic compounds to be easy to damage. So, we selected 8 strains of the 131 isolated strains from museum environments and textile remains by high pretense activity, and identified them for measuring the antibacterial activity of Gingko biloba extracts. They were identified Genus Arthrobacter spp. 3 strains (Arthrobacter nicotiannae A12, Arthrobacter sp B12, Arthrobacter oxidans B13), Cenus Bacillus spp. 2 strains (Bacillus licheniformis D9, Bacillus cereus D33), Genus Pseudomonas spp. 2 strains (Pseudomonas putida A24, Pseufomonas fluorescene C21) and a Genus Staphylococcus sp. 1 strain (Staphylococcus pasteuri D3) as closest strains through the blast search of NCBI. Though antibacterial activity of the extracts of Gingko biloba leaves as MIC was lower than that of other pharmaceutical antibiotics. However the extracts was crude extracts, the extracts might have good antibacterial against most of the isolates from museum. Especially, the antifungal activity of Gingko biloba is known previously, the extracts of Gingko biloba leaves has possibility of usage as a good natural material for conservation of remains.

Production of 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid from Acrylic Acid by Newly Isolated Rhodococcus erythropolis LG12

  • Lee, Sang-Hyun;Park, Si-Jae;Park, Oh-Jin;Cho, Jun-Hyeong;Rhee, Joo-Won
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • v.19 no.5
    • /
    • pp.474-481
    • /
    • 2009
  • A novel microorganism, designated as LG12, was isolated from soil based on its ability to use acrylic acid as the sole carbon source. An electron microscopic analysis of its morphological characteristics and phylogenetic classification by 16S rRNA homology showed that the LG12 strain belongs to Rhodococcus erythropolis. R. erythropolis LG12 was able to metabolize a high concentration of acrylic acid (up to 40 g/l). In addition, R. erythropolis LG12 exhibited the highest acrylic acid-degrading activity among the tested microorganisms, including R. rhodochrous, R. equi, R. rubber, Candida rugosa, and Bacillus cereus. The effect of the culture conditions of R. erythropo/is LG12 on the production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3HP) from acrylic acid was also examined. To enhance the production of 3HP, acrylic acid-assimilating activity was induced by adding 1 mM acrylic acid to the culture medium when the cell density reached an $OD_{600}$ of 5. Further cultivation of R. erythropo/is LG 12 with 40 g/l of acrylic acid resulted in the production of 17.5 g/l of 3HP with a molar conversion yield of 44% and productivity of 0.22 g/l/h at $30^{\circ}C$ after 72 h.

Changes of Indicator Microorganisms and Pathogenic Bacteria in Spinach during Cook-Chill Process (시금치의 cook-chill 가공 중 오염지표균 및 병원성세균의 변화)

  • Kim, Hye-Jung;Park, Jae-Kap;Lee, Dong-Sun;Paik, Hyun-Dong
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.34 no.5
    • /
    • pp.927-930
    • /
    • 2002
  • Spinach minimally processed using cook-chill and sous vide techniques was vacuum-packed in low gas permeable plastic film, pasteurized at $70^{\circ}C$ for 2 min, cooled rapidly at $3^{\circ}C$, and stored at 3 and $10^{\circ}C$. Contents of mesophilic bacteria, psychrophilic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, spore-forming bacteria, total coliforms, yeast and molds, fecal Streptococcus, and Enterobacteriacea were measared to identify the degree of food contamination. Number of mesophilic bacteria, detected at $2.2{\times}10^8\;cfu/g$ in raw spinish, decreased to about $6.0{\times}10^3\;cfu/g$ after cook-chill process. During the storage at 3 or $10^{\circ}C$, levels of mesophilic, psychrophilic and anaerobic bacteria increased, whereas total coliforms, yeast and molds, fecal Streptococcus, and Enterobacteriacea were not detected. Twelve strains of Aeromonas hydphila, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Bacillus cereus, Campylococcus spp., Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus were examined for detecting the presence of pathogenic bacteria in spinach. B. cereus and C. perfringens were isolated from raw, washed, and cook-chilled spinach, whereas A. hydrophila was isolated only from washed spinach. S. aureus was isolated from raw and washed spinach, but not from cook-chilled spinach. Other pathogenic organisms were not detected in raw, washed, and cook-chilled spinach.

Comparison of the Effects of Gamma Ray and Electron Beam Irradiation to Improve Safety of Spices for Meat Processing (육가공용 향신료의 위생화를 위한 감마선 및 전자선 조사 효과 비교)

  • Kim, Byung-Hee;Kim, Hyun-Joo;Yoon, Yo-Han;Shin, Myung-Gon;Lee, Ju-Woon
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
    • /
    • v.30 no.1
    • /
    • pp.124-132
    • /
    • 2010
  • This study evaluated the effects of gamma ray and electron beam (E-beam) to improve the safety of spices for meat processing. The spices (garlic powder, curry powder, turmeric powder, black pepper, white pepper, oregano, parsley, laurel leaf powder, basil, and rosemary) were irradiated by gamma ray and E-beam at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 kGy. Total bacterial populations were then enumerated on total plate count agar, and bacteria isolated from the samples were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, $D_{10}$ values for Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus inoculated in spices was determined, and the Ames test was conducted for genotoxicity analysis. The contaminated total bacterial populations in spices ranged from 1.5 to 3.8 Log CFU/g, and most of identified bacteria were Bacillus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. However, the bacterial populations decreased below the detection limit (2 Log CFU/g) after irradiation at 4 kGy except for parsley, which required 6 kGy in gamma ray and 8 kGy in E-beam to decrease total bacterial populations below detection limit. $D_{10}$ values were also higher (p<0.05) in E-beam treated samples than gamma-ray treated samples. No genotoxicity was observed in both conditions with and without metabolic activation. These results indicate that gamma ray (>4 kGy and <6 kGy) could be more useful to improve food safety of meat processing spices compared to E-beam.

Effect of the Disinfectants on Microbes Changes in Piggery Slurry (가축방역용 소독제 처리가 액비내 미생물 변화에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi Dong-Yoon;Suh Guk-Hyun;Kwang Jung-Hoon;Park Chi-Ho;Jeong Kwang-Hwa;Kim Tae-Il;Yang Chang-Bum;Cho Yong-Il;Choi Hong-Lim
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
    • /
    • v.11 no.3
    • /
    • pp.161-168
    • /
    • 2005
  • The disinfectants are important to prevention of infectious diseases for livestock and have been used widespreadly in recent years. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the disinfectants on microorganisms with reference to disinfectants concentration and application period in piggery slurry. As material, chemically different four disinfectants were used and no disinfectant, as control. These four disinfectants were Acids, Basic, Aldehydes and Alkalis, respectively. The characteristics pH, moisture content and organic matter of the piggery slurry used in this study were 8.2, $98.6\%,\;0.4\%$, respectively. The initial total microorganisms of piggery slurry were $6.3\times10^5$ cfu/ml, and Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus were $1.2\times10^4,\;4.1\times10^4,\;1.7\times10^4 cfu/ml,$ respectively. The disinfectants were applied at $100\%,\;200\%\;and\;300\%$ concentrations on the piggery slurry surface. It was determined that the effect of disinfectants varied accordance to concentration and application time. The most sensitive microorganisms were Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, while Bacillus cereus was found to be durable. As a result of this study, the microorganinsms of the piggery slurry are on the decrease by all disinfectants during 2 weeks, but showed a tendency to increase in number after that time. Accordingly, the microorganisms which are concerned in the liquid composting of piggery slurry were not affected by the disinfectant after 2 weeks.

  • PDF

Radio-sensitivity of Contaminated Pathogens in Marinated Beef Rib (Galbi) Treated with ${\gamma}-Irradiation$ and Its Sensory Properties (시판 양념갈비에 오염된 병원성 미생물의 감마선 감수성 및 감마선 조사된 갈비의 관능적 품질특성)

  • Lee, Na-Young;Cho, Cheo-Hoon;Kang, Ho-Jin;Kim, Dong-Soo;Byun, Myung-Woo
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.36 no.1
    • /
    • pp.168-173
    • /
    • 2004
  • Radio-sensitivity of pathogens in commercial marinated beef ribs, Galbi, and effect of irradiation on microbiological safety and sensory properties of marinated beef rib were investigated. Commercial raw marinated beef ribs were highly contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms including Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, ranged from $10^{3}\;to\;10^{4}\;CFU/g$. Gamma irradiation reduced pathogen count during storage. No viable cells of pathogens were observed in sample irradiated at 7.5 kGy except for Bacillus cereus. Radio-sensitivity of inoculated pathogens in marinated beef ribs and commercial one showed $D_{10}$ value of 0.54-0.60 and 2.15-2.98, respectively, In sensory evaluation irradiated sample showed highest color and overall acceptance among treatments (p<0.05). Results indicate low dose (2.5-5.0 kGy) irradiation is effective for ensuring safety of marinated beef ribs without decreasing sensory quality.

Distribution of foodborne pathogens in red pepper and environment (고추와 재배환경의 식품매개 병원균 분포)

  • Jung, Jieun;Seo, Seung-Mi;Yang, SuIn;Jin, Hyeon-Suk;Jung, Kyu-Seok;Roh, Eunjung;Jeong, Myeong-In;Ryu, Jae-Gee;Ryu, Kyoung-Yul;Oh, Kwang Kyo
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.53 no.6
    • /
    • pp.799-808
    • /
    • 2021
  • This study was performed to investigate the extent of microbial contamination, the presence of enterotoxin genes, and the antibiotic susceptibility of Bacillus cereus in 58 red pepper plants and 43 environmental samples (soil, irrigation water, and gloves) associated with the plant cultivation. The detected counts of total aerobic bacteria, coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus were lower in these samples, as compared to the regulations of standards for foods; moreover, pathogens, such as E. coli, E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella spp., were not detected. Genes encoding hemolysin BL enterotoxins (hblA, hblC, and hblD) as well as non-hemolytic enterotoxins (nheA, nheB, and nheC) were detected in 23 B. cereus specimens that were isolated from the test samples and had β-hemolytic activity. Interestingly, B. cereus is resistant to β-lactam and susceptible to non-β-lactam antibiotics. However, in this case, the isolated B. cereus specimens exhibited a shift from resistant to intermediate in response to cefotaxime and from susceptible to intermediate in case of rifampin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin, clindamycin, and erythromycin. Therefore, the levels of B. cereus should be monitored to detect changes in antibiotic susceptibility and guarantee their safety.

Antimicrobial Effects of Retort and Gamma Irradiation on Bacterial Populations in Spicy Chicken Sauce (레토르트 및 감마선 조사에 의한 화닭 덮밥 소스의 미생물 제어 효과 비교)

  • Kim, Young-Sik;Kim, Hyun-Joo;Yoon, Yo-Han;Shin, Myung-Gon;Kim, Cheon-Jei;Shin, Mee-Hye;Lee, Ju-Woon
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
    • /
    • v.30 no.1
    • /
    • pp.141-147
    • /
    • 2010
  • This study evaluated the antimicrobial effects of retort process and gamma irradiation on reduction of total bacterial populations in spicy chicken sauce, which is served on top of the steamed rice. Commercial spicy chicken sauce was treated with retort and gamma ray at 0, 1, 3, 5, and 10 kGy. Total aerobic bacterial populations were then enumerated on plate count agar and isolated bacteria from the test samples were identified using PCR analysis. Moreover, gamma ray sensitivity of identified bacteria was evaluated by $D_{10}$ values, and genotoxicity of gamma-irradiated samples was examined. Gamma irradiation at 3 kGy reduced total aerobic bacterial cell counts in spicy chicken sauce below detection limit, but total aerobic bacterial cell counts in test samples treated with retort were 2.1 log CFU/g. Identified bacteria from the samples were Bacillus subtilis, B. amyloiquefaciense, and B. pumils, and the $D_{10}$ values for B. subtilis and B. cereus were 0.39 ($R^2\;=\;0.921$) and 0.28 log CFU/g ($R^2\;=\;0.904$), respectively. The SOS chromotest showed that the gamma-irradiated spicy chicken sauce did not cause mutagenicity. These results indicate that gamma irradiation of spicy chicken sauce could be useful in ensuring microbial safety.

Antimicrobial Substance against Escherichia coli O157:H7 Produced by Lactobacillus amylovorus ME1

  • Jung, Byung-Moon;Woo, Suk-Gyu;Chung, Kun-Sub
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
    • /
    • v.17 no.3
    • /
    • pp.679-682
    • /
    • 2008
  • A lactic acid bacterium producing an antimicrobial substance against Escherichia coli O157:H7 was isolated from raw milk and identified as Lactobacillus amylovorus ME-1. In addition to E. coli O157 :H7, the antimicrobial substance also inhibited the growth of Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyrogenes, and Yersinia enterocolitica. The antimicrobial substance was stable at pH 2-12 and $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 min and insensitive to proteinase K, protease, amylase, and catalase. Purification of the antimicrobial substance was conducted through methanol and acetonitrile/ethylacetate extraction, ultrafiltration with a 500 Da cutoff, thin layer chromatography (TLC) with silicagel 60, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a $C_{18}$ reverse phase column. The ${\lambda}_{max}$ of the purified antimicrobial substance was determined as 192 nm by ultra violet (UV) scanning, while the molecular weight was estimated as 453 Da based on the mass spectrum. Accordingly, the current results suggest that the antimicrobial substance from the L. amylovorus ME-1 was not a bacteriocin, but rather a new non-proteinaceous substance distinct from acidophilin, acidolin, diacetyl, and reuterin.