• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.146-159
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• 2023

As a makeup technique for a baby-faced image, there will be a difference in perception of the expression technique of baby-faced makeup according to general matters.' Two hypotheses were supported: 'There will be a difference in perception of the expression technique of baby face makeup depending on the general characteristics', and the makeup technique for creating a baby face image is an important function for both men and women, as well as appearance. As a 'physical resource' for social activities, it was confirmed that there is an improvement in the efficiency of the body and mind and an outstanding improvement in mental ability in daily life. Through the results of the study on 'expression of baby face image makeup', awareness and interest in baby face images are high, but research on the production of baby face images is needed. The need for facial expression elements for baby face makeup is expected to be used as basic data for developing baby face images, and this study focuses on external face management for baby face images and baby face makeup.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.4632-4640
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the education needs related to prenatal care program in married immigrant women and to suggest the meaningful data in developing prenatal care programs. Data collection was conducted in a multi-cultural center, D-city from 2014 Mar to 2015 April and a total of 71 subjects participated in this study. Education needs related to prenatal care programs were investigated using a questionnaire including infertility, human reproductive structures, prenatal educations, vaccinations, health problems managements and so on. Scores in education needs related to prenatal care programs were high in newborn baby safety managements, vaccinations, health care managements, newborn baby normal developments and newborn baby care managements. In addition, education needs related to fertility in the married immigrant women from Vietnam were higher than the married immigrant women from China and others (F=5.53, p<.05). Thus, based on the results of this study, the contents of an educational program needs to focus on newborn baby normal developments and nursing care management for them.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to explore the maternal caretaking behaviors during the first 3 days postpartum. The sample consisted of 132 healthy, married women and their baby was full-term & normal also. Data were collected from April to June 1995 and analyzed using SPSS. The results of this study are as follows : 1. Primiparous mothers feel difficulty in performance of caretaking behavior for their baby was especially bathing, umblical cord care, identify the crying & baby's condition. But mothers feel doing so well was diaper change, clothing, immunization etc. 2. The results revealed that caretaking behaviors was not related to age, education & family. After the birth of a baby, the baby needs caring of parents especially mother. So, the mother feel difficulty in performance of maternal role. It means higher educational need for mother. Nurses were the primary source for caretaking behavior during early postpartum period at hospital and home also. Therefore the nurse need the strategies of nursing intervention to increase for caretaking activites of primiparous mothers. Further research is needed to determine which strategies affect the mother's competence of their caretaking behavior.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.62-74
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to explore bringing-up process of mothers with first baby in the context of Korean culture. The field survey was performed with four primiparae during four months from September, 2000 and grounded theory approach was used for data analysis. The results indicated that there were 27 primary categories and 12 secondary categories. Unclearness was extracted as an expression of the core category of bringing-up process. The subjects was faced with care of their baby after delivery and experienced formation and deepening of unclearness. After that, they also went through expression and disentanglement of complication caused by unclearness. It is found that the core concept of this study, the unclereness("Magmagham" in Korean) means a confusion, a burden, a helplessness and a hardness. New mothers make an effort to resolve this situation with strong motherhood in their mind. By supports from significant others, they are empowered and some mothers get depressive feelings. The findings of this study are contributed for nurses to understand new mothers in developmental crisis. We suggested that the nursing intervention strategies including learning baby care skills and preparing emotionally a motherhood must be given new mother during pregnancy period.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1732-1744
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• 2015

The aim of this study is to elucidate the underlying process of change affecting depression through social support. 250 korean adults from age 52 to age 60 years old who lived in South Chungcheong were sampled. Social support was composed of two types: instrumental and emotional support. As the results, first, elderly care activities for voluntary recogniton is situated on 3.56, 3.17 involuntary exposure perception of elderly care activities. Second the baby boomers get more depressed when having lower elderly care activities for voluntary recogniton and lower social support. Third, there is a partial mediating effect of social support in association with elderly care activities for voluntary recogniton and depression.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 2011

As the public is already aware, baby food has a significant effect on a baby's physical and mental health. It is also very important because choice of baby food forms proper eating habits, which will affect health in the future. In particular, recognition of appropriate baby food by the mother or the primary care provider is even more important. Although many studies have been conducted on this matter for domestic housewives, no studies have been conducted on married immigrant housewives whose numbers are increasing every year. A survey was conducted on the recognition and current situation of baby food preparation by mothers living in Gangwon Province with children 6 to 36-months-old. The purpose of the study was to research the level of understanding of baby food by immigrant housewives given that they were raised in different environments with different eating habits and child raising norms. And additional purpose was to provide proper educational material and direction for choosing appropriate baby food. The results showed significant differences depending on the nationality and age of the mother. Moreover, the results showed an insufficient understanding of baby food but a high desire for education, as mothers did not receive enough support from society. Therefore, necessary education should be provided systematically after mothers fully learn to communicate in Korean. These mothers need continuous attention and support, so they can settle in this country as wives, daughters-in-law, and mothers. Moreover, the needed professional education should be provided so that the mothers can learn traditional Korean eating habits and understand differences in the culture and environment between countries. As the selection of baby food forms the basis of future eating habits and the foundation for good health, proper education should be available to establish healthy intercultural families.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.131-140
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• 1971

Anions a total of 1,410 women who were taken in th the Ilshin Maternity Hospital in Pusan for child-bearing front January 1 to Hay 31, 1970, review and observation were made on 653 mothers and 661 babies delivered (including twin) who had received parental care, and on 757 mothers and 773 babies delivered (including twin) who had not received parental care. The results are: 1. Out of 1,410 women 653 received parental care, The number is 46.4% 2. Most of them are between 25 and 29 years of age, and it shows the highest percentage. 3. Twenty five % of them visited the hospital care for the first time in the tenth month of pregnancy It was the highest percentage. 4. Those who visited the clinic only once for parental care during the pregnancy were 25.7%, the highest percentage. 5. Those who got parental care among primiparae were 43.7%, and among multiphase were 48.5% The rates are similar to each other. 6. Maturity rate of the babies delivered after receiving prenatal care: mature 91%, Immature- 1% and premature- 8%. 7. It was found that among primiparae were the higher frequency of prematurity. 8. Among babies delivered by mothers after receiving parental care, 8.1% were premature, while 16.1% of babies delivered by those who han't received the care were premature. 9. Mothers between 25 and 29 years of age brought birth to premature. babies most. 10. Frequency of prematurity based on the times of parental care received was: once or twice -8.7% 3 or 4 time-8.9%, 5 or times-10.3%, 7 or 8 times-4.5%, 11 or 12 times-2.7%, 13 or 14 times-3.8%. 11. Percental death rate shows 2.9% among the mothers received prenatal care, and 7.3% among those without parental care. 12. Average weight of a baby boy was 3,114 gm, and that of a baby girl was 3,021 gm. 13. Obstetric complication rate was 63,2% in the babies delivered by mothers with prenatal care, and 85.6% in those delivered by mothers without parental care.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.160-171
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• 2019

Background: This study purposed to compare the difference on medical utilization and health expenditure of baby boomer generation by depression between gender. Methods: Korea Welfare Panel Survey 2016, provided by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, was used for the analysis. For the research, we used the two-part model, yes or no of use (part 1), and frequency of use (part 2) for medical utilization. The dependent variables are the whether or not to use of hospitalization services, outpatient services, length of stay, outpatient service visits, and health expenditure. And the independent variables are used as the predisposing (education, spouse presence), enabling (insurance type, private insurance, economic activity, income), and need (chronic disease, self-rated health, disability) factors in the Andersen behavior model. Depression was used as intervening variables. Structural equation model and multiple group analysis by gender were used. Results: There were differences in the medical care usage and cost between men and women in baby boomer. For men, mediating effects of depression were present at the hospitalization (yes/no), length of stay, and health expenditure. On the other hand, for women, the mediating effect of depression was found only at the outpatient visits. Specially, depression was working at the medical services by the different way between gender. The size of effect (multiple group analysis) was affected by significant differences between men and women. Conclusion: This study found that the mediating effect of depression is increased medical usage and health expenditure and the effect factors are different by gender. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a medical care policy considering the socio-economic characteristics of baby boomers.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.26 no.4 s.142
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• pp.76-85
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• 1987

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.18 no.3 s.101
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• pp.16-19
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• 1979