• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.666-676
• /
• 2013

The study was carried out to examine the initial point of dormancy, breaking time of internal dormancy, and to find out the accumulated hours of low temperature (under $7.2^{\circ}C$ from $0.0^{\circ}C$ to $7.2^{\circ}C$) for bud-breaking. Over-all, the chilling requirement for breaking of internal dormancy in the commercial apple cultivars ('Fuji' and 'Tsugaru') and apple cultivars bred in Korea ('Hongro', 'Sunhong', 'Honggeum', 'Hongan', 'Hongso', 'Gamhong', 'Summer dream') at the Gunwi region for 4 years (from 2009 to 2012) was investigated. Also, the breaking time of internal dormancy in the field at the Gunwi region and the breaking time of dormancy if air temperature of Gunwi region rises $4^{\circ}C$ higher than the current one were investigated using the same data. The initial point of dormancy was set at the time when the lateral bud breaking did not occurred (when heading back cutting was done in the middle of terminal shoots). The occurrence of the breaking of internal dormancy was decided if the breaking of the terminal bud of bourse shoot occurred within 15 days or not in growth chamber. About 100 bourse shoots were collected by cultivar classification in early December every year and were stored at $5.0^{\circ}C$, and they were placed in growth chamber at one week interval. The chilling requirement of cultivars was expressed in accumulated hours in the field and in the growth chamber under $7.2^{\circ}C$ and $0.0-7.2^{\circ}C$ from the initial point of dormancy to the breaking time of internal dormancy. The results showed that the initial point of dormancy in selected cultivars could occur at the end of September. The breaking time of internal dormancy could occur from the end of January to the early of February. The accumulated hours under $7.2^{\circ}C$ for breaking of internal dormancy were 1,600-2,000 hours, while those of $0.0-7.2^{\circ}C$ were 1,300-1,800 hours. In comparing the different apple cultivars, the chilling requirement of the early flowering cultivars seemed lower than that of the late-flowering cultivars. Based on these results, if the air temperature of Gunwi region rises about $4.0^{\circ}C$ higher than the current one, the breaking time of internal dormancy will be delayed by 2-4 weeks.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2017

In order to determine the relationship between water content and flower qualities of oriental hybrid lily cv. 'Siberia' cut flower, flowers were subjected to dry and cold storage at $5^{\circ}C$ for 3, 6, and 12 days and subsequently exposed to ambient temperature ($26^{\circ}C$) in bottles with water for up to 16 days. Flowers stored at $22^{\circ}C$ in dry condition for 3 days were used as the control. Changes in fresh weight, moisture content, water balance, flowering stages, osmolality and vase life of cut flowers were observed. Flowers treated with cold and dry storage had higher moisture content compared to control sample. However, this trend was evident only for 3-day cold and dry stored sample during the whole storage period. The fresh weight of cut flowers increased gradually when the samples were transferred to ambient temperature in water bottles and then declined steadily before reaching the peak in between 6-8 days of vase life. However, the changes of fresh weight of control sample were substantially faster than samples pre-treated with cold and dry storage. This was also correlated with the water balance of cut flower as it reached the minus (-) value in 6-8 days of vase life at ambient temperature. Cut lily flowers showed high osmolality values corresponding with the duration of dry storage regardless of low or higher temperature. However, osmolality had no effect on vase life since flower stem absorbed water rapidly at the end of dry storage period. Our vase life results suggest that cold and dry storage of lily cut flowers for a certain period could ensure longer vase life at ambient temperature. It was observed that prolonging the storage period at cold and dry condition for more than a week significantly increased bud abortion, reduced longevity of flowers and reduced the vase life of cut flowers. On the other hand, the shorter cold and dry storage treatment delayed the bud opening and senescence of the flowers, thus, slowering the normal maturation and aging. Results indicated that dry and cold storage at $5^{\circ}C$ for 3 days was effective in maintaining and preserving overall quality and vase life at ambient condition of oriental hybrid lily cut flowers.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.438-443
• /
• 2006

Antibacterial effects of six volatile essential oils against Vibrio sp. were evaluated. Volatile components of essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Ginger oil treatment inhibited growth of V. parahaemolyticus by 22.5-85.7%. Main volatile compounds of ginger oil were ${\beta}-bisabolene$ (35.19%, peak area) and ${\beta}-sesquiphellandrene$ (12.22%). V. parahaemolyticus was completely inhibited at 1,000 ppm by treatment with mustard oil. Tolerances of V. vulnificus 01 and 02 were twice higher than that of V. parahaemolyticus. Main volatile compound of mustard oil was allyl isothiocyanate (92.55%). Garlic oil treatment of 1,000 ppm inhibited growths of V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus 01, and V. vulnificus 02 by 22.8, 14.6, and 32.9%, respectively. Main volatile compounds of garlic oil were dimethyl sulfide (49.39%) and methyl 2-propenyl disulfide (10.09%). Growth of V. vulnificus 02 was inhibited by 60.6-80.3% via treatment with bud, leaf, and whole oil of clove. Antibacterial activity of whole clove oil on V. vulnificus 02 was stronger than those of ginger, mustard, and garlic oil. Main volatile compounds were eugenol (83.33%) and ${\beta}-caryophyllene$ (7.47%) in clove bud, eugenol (87.46%) and ${\beta}-caryophyllene$ (10.03%) in clove leaf, and eugenol (86.04%) and ${\beta}-caryophyllene$ (9.71%) in whole clove. These results revealed essential oils from spices could be used as potential agents to inhibit Vibrio sp.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.185-198
• /
• 2001

This study was conducted to reveal the effects of local climatic conditions on reproductive growth in a mature stand of Korean white pine based on climatic estimates. For this, the reproductive growth such as production and characteristics of cone and seed were first measured and summarized for seven years from 1974 to 1980. The local climatic conditions in the study site were also estimated by both a topoclimatological method and a spatial statistical technique. The local climatic conditions were then correlated with and regressed on the growth factors to reveal the relationships between the climatic estimates and the reproductive growth. Average number of conelet formation per tree showed highly negative correlation with some climatic variables related to minimum temperature in the year of flower bud differentiation. Especially, the most significant negative correlation were found between average of the minimum temperature for June and July of flower bud differentiation year and the number of conelet formation. There was no significant correlation between the number of cone production and climatic variables. However, total precipitation from December of the flowering year to February of the cone production year showed the most high correlation (r=0.6036) with the number of cone production. It was found that significant climatic variables affecting the amount of cone drop and cone drop percentage were the sum of cloudy days from June of the flowering year to August of the cone production year. Positive correlation was significantly recognized between the average weight of empty seed per cone and total precipitation from December of the flowering year to February of the cone production year. For the percentage of empty seed, five climatic variables among 19 variables were significantly correlated at 10% level. The average weight of a cone showed negative correlation with total precipitation from June of the flowering year to August of the cone production year. It was also found that average weight of a seed had highly negative correlation with total precipitation from December of the flowering year to February of the cone production year. The average weight of cone coat was negatively correlated with two climatic variables derived from clear days, which are sum of clear days from November of the flowering year to March of the cone production year and sum of clear days from December of the flowering year to February of the cone production year. On the other hand, it showed positive correlation with mean temperature of May in the flowering year. The exactly same results were obtained in correlation analysis for the percentage of cone coat.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.15-17
• /
• 1998

In order to provide cool night to strawberry plant with cool air and water, an abandoned cool mine was utilized. It's effects on flower induction and fruit yield in 4 different cultivars were examined. After 70 days of transplanting, flowering frequency was below 65% and 100% in control and treatment of night cooling, respectively and regardless of cultivars. Number of flower buds and flower clusters were higher in treated plants compared with the control. Average time until flowering was much less in treated plants. In terms of yield weight and total yield, 'Suhong' was found to be the best cultivar, averaging 24.2g fruit. Cooling contributed to the 6-7 times of increase in total yield within the frame of harvesting times. The fruit were harvested at 80-97 days after transplanting.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.51 no.spc1
• /
• pp.297-303
• /
• 2006

Cuticular waxes on tea (Camellia sinensis L.) loaves consisted mainly of alkanes, fatty acids, primary alcohols, triterpenes, and a group of unknown compounds, dominated by primary alcohols and triterpenes. Tea tree accessions used in this study were M-1, M-2, Sakimidori, and Yabukita. For all accessions, the alkane, fatty acid, and primary alcohol constituents consisted of a homologues series, and the major constituents of primary alcohol class were the C28 and C30 homologues. Triterpenes consisted of friedelin, $\beta-amyrin$, and three unidentified ones and friedelin was the most abundant. Leaf area and the total amounts of cuticular waxes per leaf increased with lower leaf position from the apical bud in Yabukita variety. With different leaf position, total wax amount per unit leaf area on the youngest leaves of P1 (the uppermost leaf position) showed the largest amount $(12.80{\mu}g/cm^2)$, and on mature loaves of P2 to P6 ranged from 7.08 to $7.77{\mu}g/cm^2$, and then on the oldest loaves of P7 (the lowest leaf position) remained at an increased level $(17.53{\mu}g/cm^2)$. During leaf development (lower leaf position), the amount of primary alcohols decreased from P1 to P6 and increased at P7, whereas that of triterpenes increased from P1 to P7. The percentage of each wax class in the total wax amount occurred a decrease in primary alcohol and an increase in triterpene, with leaf age.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.51 no.spc1
• /
• pp.255-258
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to find the effect of the pinching and planting density on yield of petal and grain in safflower (Caythamus tinctorius L.). The planting density was high effective branch number per $m^2$ compared with pinching, and effective flower bud was most in $270ea/m^2$ in three line planting density, but in case of pinching was few at $186{\sim}223ea/m^2$ Grain yield was increased with 231 kg/10a at double line planting density compared with in 220 kg/10a of control. Petal yield of double line and three line planting density was 25.4 kg/10a and 26.9 kg/10a, it was increased 15, 22% compared with 22.0 kg/10a of control, respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2011

Twenty-five species of pests had occurred at orchards of Japanese Apricot, Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc., in Hadong and Jinju (Gyeongsangnam-do province) from 2005 to 2007. Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale (Sasaki), Singapora shinshana M., Tetranychus viennensis Zacher, and Synanthedon hector B. occurred as major pests and Anthonomus persicae sp. nov., Grapholita molesta (Busk), Spodoptera litura F., and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) as a sporadic pests. The population of S. shinshana had increased continuously during the season, from late April to late October. The population of T. viennensis occurred early May, reached the highest peak in late June to early July, and then declined with worsening consequences of nutritional conditions in the apricot leaves. A. persicae was observed to occur before breaking flower-bud of apricot and emerged adults were found in April to early May.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.175-182
• /
• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the check shelling distribution of Lindera erythrocarpa Makino in Kanghwa Island, MT. Suri, Kyunggido and MT. Kaya, Chungchongnamdo. The results were as follows : The total distribution area of Linedra erythrocarpa where are Jeondeung temple and Jugsu temple Kanghwa Island, MT. Suri, Kyunggido and MT. Kaya, Chungchongnamdo was 344.4ha and the total number of Linedra erythrocarpa was 3,224. The total number of femle Linedra erythrocarpa was625(22.2%) except the seedlings under 2cm of DBH(Diameter breast of height). For the estimation of tree age by counting of tree rings, the regression equation was Y=1.79X+9.47($R^2$=0.83, DBH=cm). The soil acidity of stands studied was $pH4.6{\sim}pH5.8$. And the soil acidity of Seoul was $pH4.2{\sim}pH4.5$ So for the Planting Linedra erythrocarpa in Seoul area, the soil acidity of planting area should be changed to $pH4.6{\sim}pH5.8$. The flower size of and female of Linedra erythrocarpa was 5.96mm, 3.66mm, respectively. The length of petiole of male and female of Linedra erythrocarpa was 5.96mm, 3.66mm, respectively. The length of petiole of male and female of Linedra erythrocarpa was 5.96mm, 3.66mm, respectively. And the number of flowers per flowering bud of male and female were 13.4, 11.2, respectively. The flowering period of Lindera erythrocarpa in Suwon was 21 days from May 2 to May 22. And The leaf continuing period of Lindera erythrocarpa in Suwon was 203 days from April 7 to October 27. And the fall-foliage color continuing period was 10 days from October 18 to October 27. The fruit continuing period of Lindera erythrocarpa in Suwon was 61 days from September 26 to November 26.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2018.10a
• /
• pp.114-114
• /
• 2018

Among the various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by the plant, floral scent plays a key role in attracting pollinators for reproduction and mediates ecological interactions. Floral scent is an important trait and industry drives the competition for flowers with novel scents. Chrysanthemum is one of the well-known ornamental plants and is a popular cut flower across the world. Floral scent and the genes responsible for the floral scent emission are poorly studied in chrysanthemum. In the present study, floral scent and the expression pattern of floral scent genes were analyzed in two chrysanthemum cultivars 'Golden Egg' and 'Gaya Glory'. Initially, intensity of the floral scent in five developing stages of flower including 'budding (B), bud developing (BD), initial blooming (IB), almost open (AO) and open flower (OF)' was analyzed using electronic nose (E-nose) with six metal oxide sensors. Based on the distance analysis, different stages of flower showed different relative intensity of scent according to the sensory evaluation. Although the scent pattern differed by stage, scent intensity was strongest in the OF stage in the completely opened flower in both the cultivars. Further, expression pattern of six genes in the floral scent pathway including FDS, IDI, ISPH, TPS2, TPS5 and TPS6 was observed in all the five stages of the flower in both the cultivars. The expression pattern of all the six genes differed by stage and the terpene synthase genes TPS2, TPS5 and TPS6 showed good expression levels in the $5^{th}$ flower stage compared to other stages. This study provides a preliminary data for understanding the regulation of floral scent in chrysanthemum.