• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.239-242
• /
• 1998

Ca $F_2$ films have superior gate insulator properties than conventional gate insulator such as $SiO_2$, Si $N_{x}$, $SiO_{x}$, and T $a_2$ $O_{5}$ to the side of lattice mismatch between Si substrate and interface trap charge density( $D_{it}$). Therefore, this material is enable to apply Thin Film Transistor(TFT) gate insulator. Most of gate oxide film have exhibited problems on high trap charge density, interface state in corporation with O-H bond created by mobile hydrogen and oxygen atom. This paper performed Ca $F_2$ property evaluation as MIM, MIS device fabrication. Ca $F_2$ films were deposited at the various substrate temperature using a thermal evaporation. Ca $F_2$ films was grown as polycrystalline film and showed grain size variation as a function of substrate temperature and RTA post-annealing treatment. C-V, I-V results exhibit almost low $D_{it}$(1.8$\times$10$^{11}$ $cm^{-1}$ /le $V^{-1}$ ) and higher $E_{br}$ (>0.87MV/cm) than reported that formerly. Structural analysis indicate that low $D_{it}$ and high $E_{br}$ were caused by low lattice mismatch(6%) and crystal growth direction. Ca $F_2$ as a gate insulator of TFT are presented in this paper paperaper

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제15권11호
• /
• pp.940-944
• /
• 1994

The crystal structure of an ethylene sorption complex of dehydrated $Ag_{12}-A $reacted with bromine vapor has determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group of Pm3m at 22(l)$^{\circ}$C (a=12.180(2) ${\AA}$). The crystal was prepared by dehydration of $Ag_{12}$-A at 400 $^{\circ}$C and $2 {\times} l0^{-6}$ Torr for 2 days, followed by exposure to 200 Torr of ethylene gas at 24(l) $^{\circ}$C for 1 hr. After the ethylene gas was evacuated for 1 hr, the crystal was exposed to 180 Torr of bromine vapor at 24(l) $^{\circ}$C for 1.5 h. The structure was refined to the final error indices, $R_1=0.066\;and\;R_2$ (weighted)=0.055, using 137 independent reflections for which I>3${\sigma}$I. About 55% of the sodalite unit contain two 6-ring $Ag^+$ ions and the remaining 45% contain $Ag_6$ molecules complexed to 2 $Ag^+$ ions at 6-ring sites to give $(Ag^+)_2(Ag_6).$ Upon sorption of ethylene, 4.75 ethylene molecules were sorbed per unit cell and of these, only 1.25 ethylene molecules were brominated by treatment of dibromine because of the limitation of the available space for the reaction products in the large cavity. In the large cavity, each of 3.5 $Ag^+$ ions forms a lateral ${\pi}$ complex with an ethylene molecule. About 2.5 8-ring $Ag^+$ ions per unit cell interact with 1.25 1,2-dibromoethane and each of ca. 1.25 6-ring $Ag^+$ ions also interacts with one of bromine atoms of 1,2-dibromoethane. Each bromine atom approaches a carbon atom with C-Br(l)=2.07(20) ${\AA}$ and C-Br(2)=2.07(10) ${\AA}$, respectively.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제63권6호
• /
• pp.1344-1354
• /
• 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of brown rice (Japonica) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood parameters of weanling pigs. A total of 60 weanling pigs (28-day-old, 30 barrows and 30 gilts, 6.73 ± 0.77 kg body weight [BW]) were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments (6 pigs per pen; 5 replicates per treatment) in a randomized complete block design with the initial BW and sex as blocks. The dietary treatments were a typical nursery diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and the CON replaced 50% of corn with brown rice (BR). Pigs were fed respective dietary treatments for 5 weeks. For the last week of experiment period, pigs were fed respective dietary treatments containing 0.2% chromic oxide as an indigestible marker. Fecal samples were collected from randomly selected 1 pig in each pen daily for the last 3 d after the 4-d adjustment period. Blood was collected from randomly selected 1 pig in each pen on d 0, 3, 7, and 14 after weaning. Compared with pig fed CON diet, pigs fed the BR diet were found to have higher (p < 0.05) final BW, overall average daily gain, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter and energy. However, there were no significant differences between the groups with respect to average daily feed intake, gain to feed ratio, frequency of diarrhea, and the AID and ATTD of crude protein during overall experimental period. Similarly, there were no significant differences on blood parameters between the groups. Thus, the findings of this study indicate that brown rice (Japonica) can be used to replace 50% of corn in the diet of pigs during the nursery period without negatively affecting growth performance, nutrient digestibility, or blood parameters.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.10-18
• /
• 2016

Phosphodiesterase(PDE)는 세포내에서 cAMP를 분해하는 효소로 세포의 신호 전달에 중요한 기능을 수행하는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 이전의 연구를 통해 군소에서 클로닝된 PDE4 long-form의 N-말단에 위치하는 16개 아미노산만으로 충분히 원형질막에 타기팅됨을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 ApPDE4의 N-말단 16개(L(N16))를 주형으로 해서 9-11번째와 15번째 아미노산들(RHW-C)을 무작위적으로 아마노산에 돌연변이를 주어서 세포내 타기팅에 미치는 영향을 분석해 보았다. 본 연구를 통해 원형질막과 골지체로 타기팅되는 돌연변이체들과 골지체로만 타기팅되는 돌연변이체들과, 소포체와 골지체로 동시에 타기팅되는 돌연변이체들과, 세포질에만 위치하는 돌연변이체들을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한, 이러한 타기팅에 palmitoylation이 영향을 주는지 확인하기 위해 palmitoylation 억제제인 2-BR을 처리해보니 대부분의 돌연변이체에서 원형질막 타기팅이 사라지는 것을 확인하였다. 이를통해 palmitoylation이 ApPDE4 돌연변이체들의 원형질막 타기팅에 중요하다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 이들 돌연변이체들중 골지체로만 타기팅되는 L(N16,C3S/VV/G)-mRFP와 L(N16,C3S/LFS/R)-mRFP와 L(N16,EPL/R)-mRFP들의 경우는 골지체 타기팅에 인지질 중에 하나인 PI4P가 중요한 역할을 하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.461-472
• /
• 2004

Objectives : For the screening of neuroprotective effects of medicinal herbs, the complex system of animal models suffer some disadvantages in controlling critical parameters such as blood pressure and body temperature. Additionally, application of drugs to the appropriate brain area sometimes is difficult, due to poor permeability though the blood brain barrier, and so potential protective effects might be masked. Methods : Organotypic hippocampal slice culture (OHSC) method has the advantages of being relatively easy to prepare and of maintaining the general structure, including tissue integrity and the connections between cells. Drugs can easily be applied and neuronal damage can easily be quantified by using tissues and culture media. This study demonstrates neuroprotective effects of Puerariae radix (葛根, PR), Salviae miltiorrhizae radix (丹蔘, SR), Rhei rhizoma (大黃, RR), and Bupleuri radix (柴胡, BR). These were screenedand compared to MK-801, antagonist of NMDA receptors, by using OHSC of 1 week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) were conducted in an anaerobic chamber $(85%\;N_2,\;10%\;CO_2\;and\;5%\;H_2)$ in a deoxygenated glucose-free medium for 60 minutes. Water extracts of each herbs were treated to culture media with $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ for 48 hours. Results : Neuronal cell death in the cultures was monitored by densitometric measurements of the cellular uptake of propidium iodide (PI). PI fluorescence images were obtained at 48 hours after the OGD and medicinal herb treatment. Also TUNEL-positive cells in the CAI and DG regions and LDH concentrations in culture media were measured at 48 hours after the OGD. According to measured data, MK-801, PR, SR and BR demonstrated significant neuroprotective effect against excessive neuronal cell death and apoptosis induced by the OGD insult. Especially, PR revealed similar neuroprotective effect to MK-801 and RR demonstrated weak neuroprotective effect. Conclusions : These results suggest that OHSC can be a suitable method for screening of neuroprotective effects of medicinal herbs. (This work was supported by the research program of Dongguk University and Grant 01-PJ9-PG1-01CO03-0003 from Ministry of Health & Welfare.)

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.41-52
• /
• 2015

항염 및 항산화 활성이 우수한 배암차즈기(SPR) 잎을 활용하여 배암차즈기 차(SPRT)를 제조하였다. SPR의 총 폴리페놀 및 총 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 $71.8{\pm}4.74GAE\;mg/g$ 및 $38.7{\pm}2.95QUE\;mg/g$으로 측정되었다. DPPH에 따른 수소공여능은 $16.9{\mu}g/mL$의 $RC_{50}$을 나타내었으며, 이때, 양성대조구인 ascorbic acid는 $6.1{\mu}g/mL$의 $RC_{50}$을 나타내었다. 배암차즈기는 세포 독성을 나타내지 않는 법 위에서 물 추출물의 $IC_{50}$은 $100{\mu}g/mL$ 이상이었으며, $25{\sim}100{\mu}g/mL$의 범위에서 NO 생성이 LPS 처리구에 비해 약 30% 정도 저해되었다. SPRT는 중잎과 대잎을 사용하여 자체수분을 활용하여 단시간 덖음하여 총 120분 가향한 차가 가장 좋은 평가를 받았다. 향은 맛과 전반적인 기호도에 양의관계로 영향을 주었다. SPRT는 덖음 및 가향 작업에 따른 열처리에도 항산화 수치가 통계적으로 유의적인 차이가 없어 항산화능이 유지되었다. 티백량은 1.0 g이 적당한 것으로 평가되었다. 따라서 본 실험의 결과를 바탕으로 배암차즈기가 항산화 등 기능성을 강조한 음료 또는 식품 소재로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.167-173
• /
• 2014

정수 슬러지를 재활용하여 제조한 펠렛형 흡착제의 트리메틸아민과 암모니아의 흡착 특성을 연구하였다. 펠렛형 흡착제를 $110^{\circ}C$에서 건조 처리 했을 때보다 $500^{\circ}C$에서 소성했을 때 BET 표면적과 기공 부피가 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 정수 슬러지를 재활용하여 제조한 펠렛형 흡착제는 브뢴스테드 산점과 루이스 산점을 보유하는 것을 확인하였다. 흡착질 가스인 트리메틸아민과 암모니아가 일정한 농도로 흡착제 층으로 유입되고, 흡착제의 중량과 흡착질의 선속도를 변화시키면서 흡착질 가스의 파과시간을 측정하였다. Wheeler의 흡착속도식을 사용하여 트리메틸아민과 암모니아의 동적흡착용량과 흡착속도상수를 결정하였다. 동적흡착용량과 흡착속도상수가 흡착질 가스의 선속도에 따라 변화함을 알 수 있었다. 정수 슬러지를 재활용하여 제조한 펠렛형 흡착제 상에서, 다양한 흡착조건에서 트리메틸아민과 암모니아의 파과시간을 예측하기 위한 실험식을 도출하였다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국식품위생안전성학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표대회 및 심포지움
• /
• pp.137-137
• /
• 2002

Several epidemiologidal studies suggested that arsenic exposure was strongly correlated with the development of cardiovascular disease such as hypertension. In order to examine whether arsenic affects vasomotor tone in blood vessels, we investigated the effect of arsenic on agonist-induced vasorelaxation using the isolated rat aortic ring in in vitro organ bath system. Treatment with arsenite inhibited acetylcholine-induced relaxation of aortic rings in a concentration- dependent manner. The inhibitory effects by arsenic were also observed in the relaxation induced by sodium nitroprusside, a NO-donor. Consistent with these findings, the cGMP levels stimulated by acetylcholine in blood vessels were reduced significantly by arsenite treatment. In addition, higher concentration of arsenite decreased the relaxation by 8-Br-cGMP, a cGMP analog, in aortic rings without endothelium. These in vitro results indicated that arsenite that arsenite was capable of suppressing acetylcholine-induced relaxation in blood vessels by inhibiting production of nitric oxide in endothelial cells and by impairing the relaxation machinary in smooth muscle cells. In vivo studies revealed that the reduction of blood pressure by acetylcholine infusion was signigicantly suppressed after arsenite was administered intravenously to rate. These data suggest that vasomotor tone impaired by arsenite exposure may be one of the contrbuting factors in development of cardiovascular disease.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.286-294
• /
• 2008

We have studied the possible mechanism of anti-asthmatic action of ethanolic extracts of dried seeds of Lepidium sativum (EXLS, 400 mg/kg) using various experimental models. EXLS produced an increase in the Pre-Convulsion Dyspnoea time induced by histamine and acetylcholine aerosol, a significant reduction in the elevated leucocyte counts in the Broncho-Alveolar Lavage fluid of sensitized guinea-pigs and reduction in the paw edema volume as compared to the control rats. Treatment with EXLS also produced decrease in the elevated histamine release from the sensitized guinea-pig lungs. The anti-asthmatic anti-inflammatory responses of EXLS was supported by improvement in microscopic changes like infiltration of inflammatory cells, submucosal edema, epithelial desquamation and reduced lumen size of the bronchi. The $pD_2$ values of histamine in tracheal chain and taenia-coli were significantly greater and that in lung strip was lower in the sensitized animals as compared to control. Treatment of sensitized guinea pigs with EXLS significantly decreased $pD_2$ values of histamine in all three preparations. Our data suggest the prevention of hyper-responsiveness in bronchial smooth muscles and inhibition of the immediate hypersensitive reaction, histamine release in the lungs and the infiltration of various inflammatory cells as the possible mechanisms of anti-asthmatic activity of EXLS.

• 중환자간호학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.21-33
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between lymphedema self-care management and quality of life in breast cancer patients with mastectomy and lymphedema. Methods: One hundred and eighty-six breast cancer patients with mastectomy and lymphedema (n=186) were recruited at a medical center located in Seoul. The levels of lymphedema self-care management and quality of life were measured by the scale for measurement of practice in lymphedema self-care management, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life Questionnaire Breast Cancer Module (EORTC QLQ BR23), respectively. Data were analyzed with SPSS 18.0 program. Results: There were statistically significant correlations between lymphedema self-care management and general health status/quality of life in mastectomy patients with lymphedema (r=.30, p<.001). The physical function score of cancer related function scale (r=-.15, p=.033), fatigue score of cancer related symptom scale (r=.15, p=.036), systemic side effect score of breast cancer related symptom scale (r=.45, p=.034), and upset by hair loss (r=.27, p=.004) were significantly correlated with quality of life. Conclusion: The findings suggest that these significant factors should be considered when caring for lymphedema patients.