• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.226-228
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• 2013

In 2012, a pink mold rot was observed on unishiu orange (Citrus unshiu Mac.) fruits at the Wholesale Market for Agricultural Products, Jinju, Korea. The symptom on unishiu orange was a water-soaked lesion on the surface of fruit, which later on enlarged to form softened brown rot lesions. The diseased fruits were covered with pink-colored mold, consisting of conidia and conidiophores of the pathogen. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth was $25^{\circ}C$. Conidia were hyaline, smooth, 2-celled, and thick-walled conidia with truncate bases, ellipsoidal to pyriform, characteristically held together zig-zag chains and $12-26{\times}8-12{\mu}m$ in size. Conidiophore was erect, colorless, unbranched, and 4-5 ${\mu}m$ wide. On the basis of mycological characteristics, pathogenicity test, and molecular analysis with complete ITS rDNA region, the causal fungus was identified as Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link ex Gray. This is the first report of pink mold rot caused by T. roseum on unishiu orange in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2012

The objective of the present study was to isolate and identify infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDVs) from broiler and layer chickens of outbreaks of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in three districts of Bangladesh. A total of 70 bursal samples were collected from dead broiler (n=40) and layer (n=30) chickens showing specific lesions of IBD from seven commercial poultry farms of three different districts (Mymensingh, Chittagong and Tangail) of Bangladesh during the year 2007. Five representative bursal samples from each farm were used for the isolation of IBDVs using 9-day-old embryonated eggs of seronegative flock of layer birds and for identification the samples were subjected to agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGIDT), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Out of 35 bursal samples, IBDVs were successfully isolated from 28 (80%) samples. By AGIDT, 32 (91.4%) samples were found positive for IBDV antigen. Results of AGIDT clearly indicated that IBDVs detected in 29 bursal samples of six affected farms were identical to each other but not to IBDVs present in the remaining three samples of another farm. Indirect immunoperoxidase staining of the bursal sections revealed the presence of IBDV antigen in 32 (91.4%) samples and the IBDV antigen was detected mainly in the cortex of the lymphoid follicles of the bursal tissues. In histopathology, cell depletion, atrophy and necrosis were observed in many bursal follicles with severe edema of interfollicular septa. Of the 35 bursal samples, 34 (97.1%) samples generated 254 bp product by RT-PCR. In conclusion, the results of virus isolation and identification by AGIDT, IHC and the analysis of viral genome by RT-PCR confirmed the outbreaks of acute IBD in commercial poultry of Bangladesh. Moreover, histopathological findings and results of AGIDT gave a clear indication that the isolates from six outbreaks were different from classical strain and it seems to be of very virulent strain. On the other hand, the isolates from the other outbreak were similar to the classical strain.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2018

Purpose: Methamphetamine is an ongoing illegal drug problem worldwide, and its use in South Korea has spread over the last few years. In this study, a clinical review of patients who visited emergency medical centers with positive methamphetamine tests was conducted. Methods: Patients underwent methamphetamine screening based on physician suspicion over a period of 13 years. Their patient characteristics, clinical features, and drug administration properties were described. Results: A total of 297 patients were included, with 19 positive methamphetamine results. Patient age ranged from 21 to 84, with a mean of 37.52. Additionally, 13 were male and 6 were female. The mean BP, PR, RR were 131/82 mmHg, 94/min, 20/min. Saturation levels were all over 95%. Five patients had a psychiatric history. Patient showed varied symptoms ranging from mental changes to chest discomfort. In addition, seven showed abnormal electrocardiography findings and one showed elevated cardiac enzyme levels. Other laboratory results revealed no significantly abnormal results. Six patients also suffered from related trauma. The majority of patients consumed the methamphetamine orally, with unknown motivation at unknown locations. Most were transported by 119 and six patients co-ingested other drugs. Conclusion: Patients who showed positive results to a methamphetamine screening test in Korea visited the emergency medical center mostly by 119 and were unaware of or reluctant to reveal the fact that they had ingested methamphetamine. Emergency physicians should be more aware of the possibility that a patient may have consumed methamphetamine.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.648-655
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• 2015

Balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC.) is a perennial plant of mainly Campanulaceae family, which have been widely used as a food ingredient and herbal medicine in East Asia. Although demands on related products and yearly cultivation area for balloon flower are increasing, diverse fundamental technologies and molecular breeding studies are not very well supported in Platycodons. In this study, 30 random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers were test in an attempt to explore genetic diversities. In addition, sequences information of the actin gene, a well conserved gene encoding a globular protein that forms microfilaments, was retrieved and analyzed. Two actin homologs were recovered; 3.4 kb fragment is a Pg-actin and 1.4 kb fragment is a Pg-actin homolog with 28.6% similarity. We have confirmed that the Pg-actin gene is configured into 4 exons and 3 introns. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), G↔A, was detected on the intron 3, which served as a target for the CAPS marker development. The marker Pg-Actin-Int3 was applied to 32 balloon flower accessions. Balloon flower DNA sequence information generated in this study is expected to contribute to the analysis and molecular breeding and genetic diversity analysis of balloon flowers.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1115-1123
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• 2016

_L-Asparaginase (E.C. 3.5.1.1) is an enzyme involved in asparagine hydrolysis and has the potential to effect leukemic cells and various other cancer cells. We identified the _L-asparaginase gene (_L-ASPG86) in the genus Mesoflavibacter, which consists of a 1,035 bp open reading frame encoding 344 amino acids. Following phylogenetic analysis, the deduced amino acid sequence of _L-ASPG86 (_L-ASPG86) was grouped as a type I asparaginase with respective homologs in Escherichia coli and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. The _L-ASPG86 gene was cloned into the pET-16b vector to express the respective protein in E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells. Recombinant _L-asparaginase (r-_L-ASPG86) showed optimum conditions at 37-40℃, pH 9. Moreover, r-_L-ASPG86 did not exhibit glutaminase activity. In the metal ions test, its enzymatic activity was highly improved upon addition of 5 mM manganese (3.97-fold) and magnesium (3.35-fold) compared with the untreated control. The specific activity of r-_L-ASPG86 was 687.1 units/mg under optimum conditions (37℃, pH 9, and 5 mM MnSO₄).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2009

Objectives : Whilst hypertension exerts a negative effect on several organs there have been few studies regarding its effect on pulmonary function. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between hypertension and pulmonary function in rural Korean adults Methods : In 2006, 2534 people were recruited, aged 40 to 70, in Kangwha County. We selected 1454(male: 624, female: 830) participants whose pulmonary function results were repeatable. Blood pressure(BP) was measured twice and the average calculated. Participants were divided into two groups(hypertensive group and non-hypertensive group) in accordance with The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Pulmonary function was measured by dry rolling seal spirometry. Forced expiratory volume in the one second and forced vital capacity were converted into percent-predicted values based on average pulmonary function amongst Koreans. Results : The number of hypertensive participants in the present study was 460(male: 205, female: 255) and the number of non-hypertensive participants was 994(male: 419, female: 575). Our findings have shown that the mean values for expiratory volume in the one second and forced vital capacity were significantly lower for hypertensive people than for non-hypertensive people, among women(P=0.002 for forced expiratory volume in the one second, p<0.001 for forced vital capacity volume). Odds ratio analysis revealed that hypertensive participants were more likely to have lower pulmonary function than non-hypertensive participants, again significantly among women. Conclusions : The pulmonary function of hypertensive women was significantly lower than that of non-hypertensive women aged 40-70.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2016

Seed viability is one of the most important parameters that is directly related with seed germination performance and seedling emergence. In this study, a hyperspectral imaging (HSI) system having a range of 1000-2500 nm was used to classify viable watermelon seeds from nonviable seeds. In order to obtain nonviable watermelon seeds, a total of 96 seeds were artificially aged by immersing the seeds in hot water ($25^{\circ}C$) for 15 days. Further, hyperspectral images for 192 seeds (96 normal and 96 aged) were acquired using the developed HSI system. A germination test was performed for all the 192 seeds in order to confirm their viability. Spectral data from the hyperspectral images of the seeds were extracted by selecting pixels from the region of interest. Each seed spectrum was averaged and preprocessed to develop a classification model of partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The developed PLS-DA model showed a classification accuracy of 94.7% for the calibration set, and 84.2% for the validation set. The results demonstrate that the proposed technique can classify viable and nonviable watermelon seeds with a reasonable accuracy, and can be further converted into an online sorting system for rapid and nondestructive classification of watermelon seeds with regard to viability.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.79 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 1990

The axillary buds of 15-year-old Tilia amurensis were cultured on Saito and Ide (IS), Murashige and Skoog (MS) media and woody plant medium (WPM) to establish an effective micropropagation method. Five levels of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) were tested. On IS medium and WPM addition of 1.0/l BAP enhanced shoot development and shoot elongation, whereas addition of 0.5/l BAP was effective on MS medium. A better results were obtained from WPM with 1.0/l BAP and MS with 0.1/l BAP. Developed shoots were subcultured on each basal media but with 0.2/l BAP, Multiple shoots were almost doubled in a month. Root formation could be enhanced at higher concentration of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Better rooting rate (83.3%) was achieved on a half-strength MS medium with 3.0 /l IBA. Regenerated plantlets were successfully transferred to soil. To investigate the clonal variation in shoot development and shoot elongation by axillary bud culturing, seven plus tree clones were tested, Clonal variation in tissue culturability among plus trees was recognized by the Duncan's multiple range test at the 5% level. Kang Won No. 12 showed the best response on WPM with 1.0/l BAP.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.1852-1857
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• 2007

The SSB modem performs the modulation process which converts the digital voltage level to the audible frequency band signal and the demodulation process which converts reversely the audible frequency signal to the digital voltage level. The modulator and the demodulator are implemented with a single DSP chip. Because of the SSB specific character, the distortion occurs when the frequency is changed. This distortion has no effect on voice communication but it has an significant effect on data communication. In other words, it is impossible to send data stream with adjacent 2 periods. Therefore, in case of using 2-tone FSK, it is needed to send at least 3 periods to transmit 1 bit. Therefore we implemented the modem using modified phase-delay shift keying to transmit 1 tone signal for high speed transmission. In the 1200[bps] mode, it generates 0, $187{\mu}s$, delay time at 1.3kHz symbol frequency, and in the 2400[bps] mode, 0, $70{\mu}s\;130{\mu}s\;200{\mu}s$, delay time at 1.5kHz symbol frequency. Finally, in the maximum 3600[bps] mode, it generates 0, $100{\mu}s\;160{\mu}s\;250{\mu}s$ 2.0kHz symbol frequency. The measured results of the implemented SSB modem shows a good transfer functional characteristic by spectrum analyzer, almost same bandwidth in pass band and 20dB higher SNR comparing the emu FACTOR and American CLOVER and in the experimental transmitting test, we verified the transmitted data is received correctly in platform.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2021

This study investigated the phylogenetic classification and pathogenicity of 6 infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) strains isolated from salmonid fish in Gangwon-do, Korea. Based on the nucleotide sequence of mid-G region, all six strains belong to J genotype, of which 5 are J-Nagano type and 1 J-Shizuoka type. In a challenge test, 5 isolates of J-Nagano type IHNV showed a various mortalities as 2 isolates induced a high mortality of 100% and the other 3 isolates induced mortalities of 50, 30, and 20% after intraperitoneal injection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Meanwhile no mortality was occurred by 1 isolate of J-Shizuoka type virus. Thus, it seems that there might be no relation between genotype and pathogenicity within IHNV J genotypes. This is contrary to previous studies where reported a higher pathogenicity of J-Shizuoka type virus than J-Nagano type virus in rainbow trout. Further examination will be required to clarify this since only one J-Shizuoka type virus was analyzed in this study.