• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.238-247
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• 2023

Objective: Recently, indigenous Korean grass Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai (SQ) has garnered much interest as a roughage source for livestock to mitigate its adverse effects on habitat diversity. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the ruminal fermentation, palatability, and nutrient digestibility of SQ for Korean native beef cattle (Hanwoo) using in vitro rumen fermentation, in situ rumen degradability, and in vivo feeding trials. Methods: Using in vitro tests with rumen fluid as the inoculum for 48 h, ruminal fermentation of SQ was evaluated and compared with that of other roughage sources commonly used in Korea (i.e., rice straw, Timothy hay, and Italian ryegrass [IRG]). Additionally, an in situ trial 96 h was performed using three cannulated Hanwoo steers. Further, an in vivo trial was performed using eight Hanwoo steers to compare the palatability of SQ with rice straw in total mixed ration (TMR) and forage-concentrate separate feeding conditions. Finally, an in vivo digestibility trial of SQ fed as TMR of two particle sizes was performed with four Hanwoo steers. Results: In vitro and in situ trials revealed that SQ was comparable or superior to rice straw in terms of the ruminal fermentation characteristics of pH, gas production, total volatile fatty acid content, and effective ruminal dry matter digestibility (DMD), although its fermentability was lower than that of Timothy hay and IRG. In the palatability test, steers showed a greater preference for SQ when given as TMR. The total tract DMD of SQ fed as TMR was 75.9%±1.37%, and it did not differ by particle size. Conclusion: The feed value of SQ as a roughage source for Hanwoo steers is comparable or superior to that of rice straw, particularly when provided as TMR.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2013

Objectives : Since hypopigmentation is known to increase the risk of skin cancer, melanogenesis in the skin needs to be regulated. Here, we evaluated the melanogenesis stimulatory effects of a modified Goagium herbal remedy (HR) and HR+ox bile (Bos taurus domesticus) extract (OBE) to address hypopigmentation disorders. Methods : B16F10 melanoma cells were treated with different dosages of HR and HR+OBE for 24 to 48 h after 1 h of 10 nM ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH). After the treatment, cell viability, tyrosinase activity, melanin synthesis and the expression of genes related to melanin synthesis were measured and the regulation of the ${\alpha}$-MSH signalling through cAMP responding element binding protein (CREB) was determined. Results : HR and HR+OBE with the ranges of $15{\sim}100{\mu}g/mL$ did not affect cell viability in melanoma cells. The 1 h treatment of HR+OBE (50 and $100{\mu}g/mL$) potentiated the phosphorylation of CREB by enhancing ${\alpha}$-MSH signaling and its 24 h treatment increased CREB expression. Consistent with CREB potentiation, their treatment for 24 h, the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MIFT), tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein (TRP)-1 and TRP-2 were increased in realtime PCR. Ultimately, the 48 h treatment of HR+OBE (50 and $100{\mu}g/mL$) increased tyrosniase activity and melanin contents in the melanoma cells in comparison to the control. Conclusions : HR+OBE (50 and $100{\mu}g/mL$) increases melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells via the stimulation of tyrosinase activity and expression of MIFT, tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2. HR+OBE can be used as the a possible treatment for hypopigmentation of the skin.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2022

This study was conducted to evaluation the effects of dietary soybean meal (SBM) and fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on the growth performance of Korean native cattle as Hanwoo calves (Bos taurus coreanae) and Holstein cows. In total, 16 calves three to four months old (Control group, SBM: 5 males and 3 females, average weight 105.7 kg; Experimental group, FSBM: 5 males and 3 females, average weight 103.7 kg) were fed 5% of the feed amount for 53 days. In terms of growth performance outcomes, the average gain body weight was significantly higher in the FSBM group than in the SBM group in the final fattening period. The average daily gain in body weight (ADGBW) for the FSBM group was higher than that of the SBM group in the final fattening period. The average gain body weight in four months for FSBM was higher than that at three months in the final fattening period. Diarrhea incidence for FSBM was significantly decreased compared to that in the SBM group in the six-week period after weaning. These results indicate that dietary FSBM can improve the growth rate and health condition during the calving period. Holstein cows fed fermented soybean meal had higher milk urea nitrogen levels and decreased somatic cell counts compared to those fed SBM. These results may be closely related with the increased average daily gain body weight associated with dietary FSBM.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.342-352
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• 2022

This study was conducted to identify the useful blood variables in diagnosing calf diarrhea in Hanwoo calves and good indicators for calf diarrhea. In 530 Hanwoo calves, fecal scores were recorded on a scale of 0 to 3, and blood samples were collected and analyzed for hematology, serum biochemistry, and acute phase proteins. Among the blood variables, 16 blood variables showed significant differences (p < 0.01) according to fecal scores. After reference intervals of these 16 blood variables were calculated, the distributions of calves by calculated reference intervals showed a significant difference (p < 0.001) and linear associations (p < 0.001) in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose (GLU), blood sodium concentration (Na), blood potassium concentration (K), fibrinogen (Fib), and haptoglobin (Hp). Of 6 blood variables, the optimal cut-off values were calculated for BUN, K, Fib, and Hp, and the area under the curve was 0.5 or more: BUN (9.5 mg/dL, AUC: 0.623), K (5.8 mmol/L, AUC: 0.599), Fib (650.0 mg/dL, AUC: 0.706), and Hp (12.5 mg/dL, AUC: 0.847). These findings could be useful in evaluating calves with diarrhea and making decision of further treatment of calf diarrhea in Hanwoo calves.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.106-116
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 가시광선과 원적외선 전반의 파장대역에 걸쳐 사용 가능한 동축 듀얼카메라를 설계 및 분석하였다. 광학계는 빔 스플리터를 이용한 동축광학계 시스템으로 설계되었으며, 가시광선 광학계에서 적외선으로 인한 열 전달을 최소화하기 위해 hot mirror 타입의 빔 스플리터를 사용하였다. 원적외선 카메라는 비냉각형 검출기로 640×480의 센서 배열을 가지고, 가시광선은 1,945×1,097의 센서를 사용한다. 최적화 과정을 거친 후 최종 설계된 광학계의 정합도는 90% 이상이며, 기존에 존재하던 듀얼카메라에 비해 정합도가 향상된 효율적인 설계 결과를 얻었고, 테스트를 통해 향상된 정합도를 확인하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.975-985
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• 2021

The sufficient amount of protein supply is crucial for improving the growth performance of growing beef cattle. In addition, due to the improvement in the genetic potential of the carcass weight of Hanwoo steers, dietary protein requirements may be increased during the rapid growth period. Accordingly, the dietary crude protein (CP) level in growing Hanwoo steers has been increasing in the field. However, little scientific evidence is available in relation to this. Therefore, this study was conducted to test whether a higher dietary CP level than convention would improve the growth performance and body metabolism in growing Hanwoo steers. Fifty growing Hanwoo steers were randomly divided into two groups and fed either a commercial diet (CON) or a higher CP (HCP) concentrate mix, provided with a similar level of dietary energy. Tall fescue hay was provided ad libitum. The dietary CP level did not affect growth performance and blood metabolite. Nitrogen intake, predicted nitrogen excretion, and retained nitrogen were higher in the HCP group than in the CON group (p < 0.01). Although there was no difference in the nitrogen utilization efficiency, the growth efficiency per retained nitrogen decreased in the HCP group (p = 0.02). A higher dietary CP level may increase nitrogen retention in growing Hanwoo steers without improving growth performance, which leads to reduced growth efficiency per retained nitrogen. Furthermore, considering the high price of feed protein and increased nitrogen excretion to the environment, a further increase in the protein level may not be sustainable.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.1289-1302
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• 2022

The next generation sequencing has significantly contributed to clarify the genome structure of many species of zootechnical interest. However, to date, some portions of the genome, especially those linked to a heterogametic nature such as the Y chromosome, are difficult to assemble and many gaps are still present. It is well known that the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is an excellent tool for identifying genes unequivocably mapped on chromosomes. Therefore, FISH can contribute to the localization of unplaced genome sequences, as well as to correct assembly errors generated by comparative bioinformatics. To this end, it is necessary to have starting points; therefore, in this study, we reviewed the physically mapped genes on the Y chromosome of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, pigs, horses and alpacas. A total of 208 loci were currently mapped by FISH. 89 were located in the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) and 119 were identified in the pseudoautosomal region (PAR). The loci reported in MSY and PAR were respectively: 18 and 25 in Bos taurus, 5 and 7 in Bubalus bubalis, 5 and 24 in Ovis aries, 5 and 19 in Capra hircus, 10 and 16 in Sus scrofa, 46 and 18 in Equus caballus. While in Vicugna pacos only 10 loci are reported in the PAR region. The correct knowledge and assembly of all genome sequences, including those of genes mapped on the Y chromosome, will help to elucidate their biological processes, as well as to discover and exploit potentially epistasis effects useful for selection breeding programs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.759-766
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• 2023

Visual estrus observation can only be confirmed at a rate of 50%-60%, which is lower than that obtained using a biosensor. Thus, the use of biosensors provides more opportunities for artificial insemination because it is easier to confirm estrus than by visual observation. This study determines the accuracy of estrus prediction using a ruminoreticular biosensor by analyzing ruminoreticular temperature during the estrus cycle and measuring changes in body activity. One hundred and twenty-five Hanwoo cows (64 with a ruminal biosensor in the test group and 61 without biosensors in the control group) were studied. Ruminoreticular temperatures and body activities were measured every 10 min. The first service of artificial insemination used gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-based fixed-time artificial insemination protocol in the control and test groups. The test group received artificial insemination based on the estrus prediction made by the biosensor, and the control group received artificial insemination according to visual estrus observation. Before artificial insemination, the ruminoreticular temperature was maintained at an average of 38.95 ± 0.05℃ for 13 h (-21 to -9 h), 0.73℃ higher than the average temperature observed at -48 h (38.22 ± 0.06℃). The body activity, measured using an indwelling 3-axis accelerometer, averaged 1502.57 ± 27.35 for approximately 21 h from -4 to -24 h before artificial insemination, showing 203 indexes higher body activity than -48 hours (1299 ± 9.72). Therefore, using an information and communication techonology (ICT)-based biosensor is highly effective because it can reduce the reproductive cost of a farm by accurately detecting estrus and increasing the rate of estrus confirmation in cattle.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.70.1-70.14
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• 2023

Background: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes a chronic and progressive granulomatous enteritis and economic losses in dairy cattle in subclinical stages. Subclinical infection in cattle can be detected using serum MAP antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fecal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Objectives: To investigate the differences in blood parameters, according to the detection of MAP using serum antibody ELISA and fecal PCR tests. Methods: We divided 33 subclinically infected adult cattle into three groups: seronegative and fecal-positive (SNFP, n = 5), seropositive and fecal-negative (SPFN, n = 10), and seropositive and fecal-positive (SPFP, n = 18). Hematological and serum biochemical analyses were performed. Results: Although the cows were clinically healthy without any manifestations, the SNFP and SPFP groups had higher platelet counts, mean platelet volumes, plateletcrit, lactate dehydrogenase levels, lactate levels, and calcium levels but lower mean corpuscular volume concentration than the SPFN group (p < 0.017). The red blood cell count, hematocrit, monocyte count, glucose level, and calprotectin level were different according to the detection method (p < 0.05). The SNFP and SPFP groups had higher red blood cell counts, hematocrit and calprotectin levels, but lower monocyte counts and glucose levels than the SPFN group, although there were no significant differences (p > 0.017). Conclusions: The cows with fecal-positive MAP status had different blood parameters from those with fecal-negative MAP status, although they were subclinically infected. These findings provide new insights into understanding the mechanism of MAP infection in subclinically infected cattle.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.591-599
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• 2024

Objective: Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle are valuable breed due to their important role in the development of Indonesian cattle. Despite rapid advances in molecular technology, no genomic studies on SO cattle have been conducted to date. The aim of this study is to provide genomic profile related to the population diversity, admixture, and demographic trends of SO cattle. Methods: Genomic information was gathered from 79 SO cattle using the Illumina Bovine SNP50 v3 Beadchip, and for comparative purposes, additional genotypes from 209 cattle populations worldwide were included. The expected and observed heterozygosity, inbreeding coefficient, pairwise fixation indices between-population, and Nei's genetic distance were examined. Multidimensional scaling, admixture, and treemix analyses were used to investigate the population structure. Based on linkage disequilibrium and effective population size calculations, the demographic trend was observed. Results: The findings indicated that the genetic diversity of SO cattle was similar to that of other indicine breeds. SO cattle were genetically related to indicines but not to taurines or Bali cattle. The study further confirmed the close relationship between SO, Ongole, and Nellore cattle. Additionally, a small portion of the Ongole mixture were identified dominant in the SO population at the moment. The study also discovered that SO and Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) could have been ancestors in the development of Ongole Grade cattle, which corresponds to the documented history of Ongolization. Our finding indicate that SO cattle have maintained stability and possess unique traits separate from their ancestors. Conclusion: In conclusion, the genetic diversity of the SO cattle has been conserved as a result of the growing significance of the present demographic trend. Consistent endeavors are necessary to uphold the fitness of the breed.