• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.240-246
• /
• 2014

The present study was conducted to evaluate the productivity of $Sorghum{\times}sudangrass$ (SX17) hybrid and BMR (brown mid rib) $Sorghum{\times}sudangrass$ hybrid and silage quality of these forages with corn grain supplementation. The effect of corn grain supplementation on the quality of silages was also investigated. No remarkable differences at growth characteristics and productivities in two hybrids were found. Sugar content, however, in stem of BMR hybrid showed significantly great (p<0.05) and the difference between two hybrids was about $2B^{\circ}$. Ratio of lactic acid in total organic acid in BMR hybrid (82.8%) was significantly greater than the control (SX17 hybrid) (78.5%) (p<0.05). Ratio of butyric acid in total organic acid in SX17 hybrid (18.5%) was significantly greater than BMR hybrid (9.8%) (p<0.05). According to the result of organic acid ratio, it could be assumed that the use of BMR hybrid can improve silage quality. NDF and ADF contents in both SX17 and BMR hybrids were significantly declined with increased corn grain supplementation (p<0.05). Different TDN values in SX17 (56.2) and BMR (57.1) hybrids were detected. However, TDN values of both SX17 and BMR hybrid silages were significantly elevated by increasing the proportion of ground corn (p<0.05).

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.263-271
• /
• 2013

We investigated the contribution of genetic variations of KLF5 to basal metabolic rate (BMR) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) and the inhibition of obesity in Korean children. A variation of KLF5 (rs3782933) was genotyped in 62 Korean children. Using multiple linear regression analysis, we developed a model to predict BMR in children. We divided them into several groups; normal versus overweight by body mass index (BMI) and low BMR versus high BMR by BMR. There were no differences in the distributions of alleles and genotypes between each group. The genetic variation of KLF5 gene showed a significant correlation with several clinical factors, such as BMR, muscle, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin. Children with the TT had significantly higher BMR than those with CC (p=0.030). The highest muscle was observed in the children with TT compared with CC (p=0.032). The insulin and C-peptide values were higher in children with TT than those with CC (p=0.029 vs. p=0.004, respectively). In linear regression analysis, BMI and muscle mass were correlated with BMR, whereas insulin and C-peptide were not associated with BMR. In the high-BMR group, we observed that higher muscle, fat mass, and C-peptide affect the increase of BMR in children with TT (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p=0.018, respectively), while Rohrer's index could explain the usual decrease in BMR (adjust $r^2$=1.000, p < 0.001, respectively). We identified a novel association between TT of KLF5 rs3782933 and BMR in Korean children. We could make better use of the variation within KLF5 in a future clinical intervention study of obesity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.562-568
• /
• 2012

Cytochrome P450 BM3 (CYP102A1) from Bacillus megaterium is a self-sufficient monooxygenase that consists of a heme domain and FAD/FMN-containing reductase domain (BMR). In this report, the reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) by BMR was evaluated as a method for monitoring BMR activity. The electron transfer proceeds from NADPH to BMR and then to BMR substrates, MTT and CTC. MTT and CTC are monotetrazolium salts that form formazans upon reduction. The reduction of MTT and CTC followed classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics ($k_{cat}=4120\;min^{-1}$, $K_m=77{\mu}M$ for MTT and $k_{cat}=6580\;min^{-1}$, $K_m=51{\mu}M$ for CTC). Our continuous assay using MTT and CTC allows the simple, rapid measurement of BMR activity. The BMR was able to metabolize mitomycin C and doxorubicin, which are anticancer drug substrates for CPR, producing the same metabolites as those produced by CPR. Moreover, the BMR was able to interact with CYP1A2 and transfer electrons to promote the oxidation reactions of substrates by CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 in humans. The results of this study suggest the possibility of the utilization of BMR as a surrogate for mammalian CPR.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.293-300
• /
• 2012

This experiment was carried out to compare the agronomic characteristics, forage yield and quality of sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrid at two locations (Sungju and Cheonan) in 2009. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replications. The eight recommended hybrids used in this experiment were 'Sordan 79', 'SX17', 'Honey chew', 'Honey grazer', 'G7', 'Jumbo', 'Green star' and 'GT56' hybrids. The heading of four hybrids were headed at both region, Sungju and Cheonan. There are no big differences in general agronomic characteristics among hybrids, but brix scale of heading and BMR (brown mid rib) types were higher than those of other hybrids. Dry matter (DM) and plant height of heading type hybrids were higher than those of headless types. The fresh, DM and TDN (total digestible nutrients) yields of heading type hybrids were also higher than those of headless types, and BMR types were lower than others. The crude protein and crude ash contents of headless hybrids were higher than those of heading hybrids, while its non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) content showed the opposite results. The acid detergent fiber (ADF) and NFC contents of BMR types were lower than others. The results of this experiment indicates that heading hybrids were more higher than headless hybrids in the agronomics and forage yield of sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass. However heading types were lower headless types in quality of sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass. And BMR hybrids were also high quality of sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrid because of higher brix content and lower ADF content among tested hybrids.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.115-124
• /
• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This is the first study to identify common genetic factors associated with the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body mass index (BMI) in obese Korean women including overweight. This will be a basic study for future research of obese gene-BMR interaction. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The experimental design was 2 by 2 with variables of BMR and BMI. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was conducted in the overweight and obesity (BMI > $23kg/m^2$) compared to the normality, and in women with low BMR (< 1426.3 kcal/day) compared to high BMR. A total of 140 SNPs reached formal genome-wide statistical significance in this study (P < $1{\times}10^{-4}$). Surveys to estimate energy intake using 24-h recall method for three days and questionnaires for family history, a medical examination, and physical activities were conducted. RESULTS: We found that two NRG3 gene SNPs in the 10q23.1 chromosomal region were highly associated with BMR (rs10786764; $P=8.0{\times}10^{-7}$, rs1040675; $2.3{\times}10^{-6}$) and BMI (rs10786764; $P=2.5{\times}10^{-5}$, rs10786764; $6.57{\times}10^{-5}$). The other genes related to BMI (HSD52, TMA16, MARCH1, NRG1, NRXN3, and STK4) yielded P < $10{\times}10^{-4}$. Five new loci associated with BMR and BMI, including NRG3, OR8U8, BCL2L2-PABPN1, PABPN1, and SLC22A17 were identified in obese Korean women (P < $1{\times}10^{-4}$). In the questionnaire investigation, significant differences were found in the number of starvation periods per week, family history of stomach cancer, coffee intake, and trial of weight control in each group. CONCLUSION: We discovered several common BMR- and BMI-related genes using GWAS. Although most of these newly established loci were not previously associated with obesity, they may provide new insights into body weight regulation. Our findings of five common genes associated with BMR and BMI in Koreans will serve as a reference for replication and validation of future studies on the metabolic rate.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.57-61
• /
• 1977

Two methods have been widely used for measuring basal metabolic rates (BMR), Douglas-Scholander (open circuit) and Sanborn-Metabulator (closed circuit ) methods. The latter has been used more by clinicians, since the Process is simple. But it is not as accurate as the Douglas-Scholander method. We measured the BMR of 938 healthy individuals who were selected at random, using a Douglas-Scholander method. The lowest value of the 6 measurments in three days was taken from each subject in the basal state. A single determination of BMR also was made with the Metabulator for 684 individuals. We applied both methods for 13 subjects among them who have same physical conditions. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean value of BMR with the Metabulator is significantly higher than Douglas-Scholander method by 9.2%. 2. The Metabulator can be used for measuring BMR, since the normal value is generally less than 15% of BMR. But one may considered that there is likely errors about 10% in Metabulator method.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.918-928
• /
• 2024

Objective: The adulteration of raw beef (BMr) with dog meat (DMr) and pork (PMr) becomes a serious problem because it is associated with halal status, quality, and safety of meats. This research aimed to develop an effective authentication method to detect non-halal meats (dog meat and pork) in beef using metabolomics approach. Methods: Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) using untargeted approach combined with chemometrics was applied for analysis non-halal meats in BMr. Results: The untargeted metabolomics approach successfully identified various metabolites in BMr DMr, PMr, and their mixtures. The discrimination and classification between authentic BMr and those adulterated with DMr and PMr were successfully determined using partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with high accuracy. All BMr samples containing non-halal meats could be differentiated from authentic BMr. A number of discriminating metabolites with potential as biomarkers to discriminate BMr in the mixtures with DMr and PMr could be identified from the analysis of variable importance for projection value. Partial least square (PLS) and orthogonal PLS (OPLS) regression using discriminating metabolites showed high accuracy (R² >0.990) and high precision (both RMSEC and RMSEE <5%) in predicting the concentration of DMr and PMr present in beef indicating that the discriminating metabolites were good predictors. The developed untargeted LC-HRMS metabolomics and chemometrics successfully identified non-halal meats adulteration (DMr and PMr) in beef with high sensitivity up to 0.1% (w/w). Conclusion: A combination of LC-HRMS untargeted metabolomic and chemometrics promises to be an effective analytical technique for halal authenticity testing of meats. This method could be further standardized and proposed as a method for halal authentication of meats.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2016.10a
• /
• pp.784-786
• /
• 2016

Recent research has been related to the health of the various systems. In contrast the system are the level insufficient for accurate analysis that the body of the user information and service information. In this paper, in order to solve this problem, we propose a fitness system based on the algorithm for analyzing the body of the user information. Algorithm to analyze the user's body information by analyzing the user's height and weight to calculate the BMI(Body Mass Index) index and BMR(Basal Metabolic Rate) value. The proposed system is considered to be able to give recommendations to the user for the exercise on the basis of the calculated BMI index and BMR value.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.1 no.3
• /
• pp.231-236
• /
• 2007

Underreporting patterns by the level of obesity have not been fully assessed yet. The purpose of this study was to examine the differential underreporting patterns on cardiovascular risk factor, macronutrient, and food group intakes by the level of Body Mass Index (BMI). We analyzed cross-sectional baseline nutritional survey data from the population-based longitudinal study, the Healthy Women Study (HWS) cohort. Study subjects included 538 healthy premenopausal women participating in the HWS. Nutrient and food group intakes were assessed by the one-day 24-hour dietary recall and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, respectively. The ratio of reported energy intake (EI) to estimated basal metabolic rate (BMR) was used as a measure of relative energy reporting status and categorized into tertiles. Overweight group ($BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$) had a higher ratio of EI to BMR (EI/BMR) than normal weight group ($BMI<25kg/m^2$). Normal weight and overweight groups showed similar patterns in cardiovascular risk factors, nutrient intake, and food group intake by the EI/BMR. Fat and saturated fat intakes as a nutrient density were positively associated with the EI/BMR. Proportion of women who reported higher consumption (${\geq}4\;times/wk$) of sugar/candy, cream and red meat groups was greater in higher tertiles of the EI/BMR in both BMI groups. Our findings suggest similar patterns of underreporting of cardiovascular risk factors, and macronutrient and food group intakes in both normal and overweight women.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.52-62
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate dietary macronutrient and $VO_{2}$ by BMI The subjects consisted of 50 female college students. They were divided into three groups: Below BMI 18.5 kg/$m^{2}$ (n = 9), BMI 18.5 - 23 kg/$m^{2}$ (n = 28), above BMI 23 g/$m^{2}$ (n = 13). Health-related questionnaires, dietary macronutrients, macronutrient compositions, food frequency questionnaires, body compositions and $VO_{2}$ were studied. Macronutrient compositions that macronutrient intakes were expressed by the percentage of daily energy intakes. There were significant differences in body fat, percent of body fat, and fat distribution by BMI Also, significantly increasing of basal metabolic rate (BMR) was shown by BMI, but BMR per body weight was decreased by BMI Overall, there were no significant differences in health-related questionnaires, food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), dietary macronutrients and $VO_{2}$ by BMI but salty taste preferences and carbohydrate intakes, FFQ of beans, white vegetables rand, yellow-green vegetables in the above BMI 23 g/$m^{2}$ group were significantly higher than other groups. There were no significant differences in macronutrient composition but the lipid composition of subjects was shown above $20\%$. Also, energy intakes of subjects were shown to be low; especially the below BMI 18.5 kg/$m^{2}$ group was very low ($55\%$ of RDA). Significantly positive correlation was found in BMR and body composition such as skeletal muscle & lean body mass, but significant correlation was not found in BMR and dietary macronutrients. Overall, researched energy metabolism factor was not different by BMI Only in the BMI 18.5 23 kg/$m^{2}$ (normal) group, significantly positive correlation was found in $VO_{2}$peak and body fat oxidation. Therefore, proper nutritional education for female college students is needed in order to improve their obesity-related health. Moreover, a nutritional survey method of finding diverse factors that affect their health should be developed to meet various needs.