• Title/Summary/Keyword: BMPs

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Effects of Substrate to Inoculum Ratio on Biochemical Methane Potential in Thermal Hydrolysate of Poultry Slaughterhouse Sludge (기질과 접종액의 비율이 도계 가공장 슬러지 열가수분해액의 메탄생산퍼텐셜에 미치는 영향)

  • Oh, Seung-Yong;Yoon, Young-Man
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.121-127
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    • 2016
  • BACKGROUND: Anaerobic digestion is the most feasible technology because not only the energy embedded in organic matters can be recovered, but also they are stabilized while being degraded. This study carried out to improve methane yield of slaughterhouse wastewater treatment sludge cake by the thermal pre-treatment prior to anaerobic digestion.METHODS AND RESULTS: Slaughterhouse wastewater treatment sludge cake was pre-treated by the closed hydrothermal reactor at reaction temperature of 190℃. BMPs (Biochemical methane potential) of the thermal hydrolysate was tested in the different S(Substrate)/I(Inoculum) ratio conditions. COD(Chemical oxygen demand) and SCOD(Soluble chemical oxygen demand) contents of thermal hydrolysate were 10.99% and 10.55%, respectively, then, the 96.00% of COD was remained as a soluble form. The theoretical methane potential of thermal hydrolysate was 0.51 Nm3 kg-1-VSadded. And BMPs were decreased from 0.56 to 0.22 Nm3 kg-1-VSadded when S/I ratio were increased from 0.1 to 2.0 in the VS content basis. Those were decreased from 0.32 to 0.13 Nm3 kg-1-CODadded when S/I ratio were increased from 0.1 to 2.0 based on COD content. The anaerobic degradability of VS basis have showed 196.9%, 102.2%, 80.7%, 67.4%, and 39.4% in S/I ratios of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0, respectively. Also the COD of 119.6%, 76.3%, 70.1%, 69.0%, and 43.1% were degraded anaerobically in S/I ratios of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0, respectively.CONCLUSION: BMPs obtained in the S/I ratios of 0.1 and 0.3 was overestimated by the residual organic matters remaining at the inoculum. And inhibitory effect was observed in the highest S/I ratio of 2.0. The optimum S/I ratios giving reasonable BMPs might be in the range of 0.5 and 1.0 in S/I ratio. Therefore VS biodegradability of thermal hydrolysate was in 67.4-80.7% and COD biodegradability showed 69.0-70.1%.

Analysis of Effects on Soil Erosion Reduction of Various Best Management Practices at Watershed Scale (최적관리기법에 따른 토양유실 저감 효과 유역단위 분석)

  • Lee, Dong Jun;Lee, Ji Min;Kum, Donghyuk;Park, Youn Shik;Jung, Younghun;Shin, Yongchul;Jeong, Gyo-Cheol;Lee, Byeong Cheol;Lim, Kyoung Jae
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.30 no.6
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    • pp.638-646
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    • 2014
  • Soil erosion from agricultural fields leads to various environmental problems weakening the capabilities of flood control and ecosystem in water bodies. Regarding these problems, Ministry of Environment of South-Korea prepared various structural and non-structural best management practices (BMPs) to control soil erosion. However, a lot of efforts are required to monitor and develop BMPs. Thus, modeling techniques have been developed and utilized for these issues. This study estimated the effectiveness of BMPs which are a vegetation mat with infiltration roll and Roll type vegetation channel using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model through the adjustment of the conservation practice factors, P factors, for Universal Soil Loss Equation which were calculated by monitoring data collected at the segment plots. Each BMP was applied to the areas with slopes ranged from 7% to 13% in the Haeanmyeon watershed. As a result of simulation, the vegetation mat with infiltration roll and Roll type vegetation channel showed 55% and 59% efficiency of soil erosion reduction, respectively. Also, Vegetation mat with infiltration roll and Roll type vegetation channel showed each 11.2% and 11.8% efficiency in reduction of sediment discharge. These roll type vegetation channel showed greater efficiency of soil erosion reduction and sediment discharge. Based on these results, if roll type vegetation channel is widely used in agricultural fields, reduction of soil erosion and sediment discharge of greater efficiency would be expected.

An Analysis of First Flush Phenomenon of Non-point Source Pollution during Rainfall-Runoff Events from Impervious Area (불투수성 지역의 강우유출수에 대한 비점오염물질의 초기유출현상 분석)

  • Ahn, Tae-Ung;Bum, Bong-Su;Kim, Tae-Hoon;Choi, I-Song;Oh, Jong-Min
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.35 no.9
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    • pp.643-653
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    • 2013
  • In this study, trend analysis was performed by various runoff analysis method of Non-point Pollution Source(NPS) at the impervious area. The characteristics of rainfall at impervious area appeared to be influenced by rainfall strength and it appeared that first flush phenomenon occurs often if rainfall strength acts largely. It is judged that the measure is required to be prepared against that now that concentration difference of non-point pollution source appeared to be big by precedent number of days of no rainfall. As the result of calculating Decrease Rate (DR) by first flush of non-point pollution source, it is judged that it is important to prepare the measure against the pollutants about initial rain and it is necessary to calculate the capacity of non-point pollution source processing facilities regarding that now that the non-point pollution source integrated at impervious area showed the characteristics that are flowed out in high concentration by initial rain in case of non-rainfall considering the characteristics of non-point pollution source at impervious area. When taking 50% of non-point pollution source as the standard for decrease rate that was evaluated previously, it appeared as 15~60 min in case of TSS and it appeared as 30~90 min in case of organic compound, but the characteristic whose decrease rate is below 50% also appeared even till rainfall-runoff ends. Based on that, it is judged that it could be used as the reference when designing the structural BMPs facilities later.

Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Sediment in Sedimentation Tank of Infiltration Trench and Filtration System (비점오염저감시설인 침투도랑과 여과형 시설내 침강지 퇴적의 물리화학적 특성 분석)

  • Lee, Soyoung;Lee, Eun-Ju;Kim, Chulmin;Maniquiz, M.C.;Son, Youngkyu;Khim, Jeehyeong;Kim, Lee-Hyung
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.35-42
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    • 2007
  • The paved areas such as parking lots and roads are stormwater intensive landuses since they are impervious and have high pollutant mass emissions from vehicular activity. Vehicle emissions include different pollutants such as heavy metals, oil and grease, particulates from sources such as fuels, brake pad wear and tire wear. Especially, the released heavy metals can be easily absorbed on the surface area of small particulate materials because of its ionic strength. Therefore, by constructing the sedimental tank in structural BMPs as a pre-treatment facility, the particles and heavy metals both can be removed from the runoff at an instant. To understand the physico-chemical characteristics of sediments from sedimentation tank, one-year study at an infiltration trench and filtration system was conducted to quantify the metal mass absorbed on sediments with various particle sizes. The structural BMPs for this study are located in Yongin City, Kyunggido. The research results show that Cu, Zn and Pb are dominant metal compounds in the sediments. Also the metal concentrations are highest at the ranges of $425-850{\mu}m$ particle sizes. The results will provide the basic physico-chemical information of sediments to treat it as solid wastes and to determine the design criteria of sedimentation tank in structural BMPs.

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Derivation of primordial germ cells from chicken blastodermal cells by BMP-2 and BMP-4 signaling

  • Kim, Duk-Kyung;Song, Ki-Duk;Lee, Young-Mok;Seo, Sam-Youl;Han, Jae-Yong
    • Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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    • 2002.11a
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    • pp.96-97
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    • 2002
  • Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the progenitors of the sperms or eggs of adult. Evidence suggests that the specification of primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the mammalian embryo does not depend on maternal determinants. Recent previous studies in the mouse has shown that several bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are required for the formation of PGCs. However, there is no study about the effect of BMPs on avian PGCs. Here, we studied the effects of recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) and recombinant human BMP-4 (rhBMP-4) on chicken blastodermal cells in culture. As a results, the addition of rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-4 increased the number of SSEA-1 positive cells in dose-dependent manner. However, there is no synergic effect by using both rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-4.

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Optimal Location of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Runoff Reduction (우수유출저감 시설의 최적위치 결정)

  • Jang, Su Hyung;Lee, Jiho;Yoo, Chulsang;Han, Suhee;Kim, Sangdan
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.180-184
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    • 2008
  • A distributed hydrologic model of an urban drainage area on Bugok drainage area in Oncheon stream was developed and combined with a optimization method to determine the optimal location and number of best management practices (BMPs) for storm water runoff reduction. This model is based on the SCS-CN method and integrated with a distributed hydrologic network model of the drainage area using system of 4,211 hydrologic response units (HRUs). Optimal location is found by locating HRU combination that leads to a maximum reduction in peak flow at the drainage outlet in this model. The results of this study indicate the optimal locations and numbers of BMPs, however, for more exact application of this model, project cost and SCS-CN reduction rate of structural facilities such infiltration trench and pervious pavement will have to be considered.

Study on Damage Reduction by Flood Inundation and the Sediments by SWAT and HEC-RAS Modeling of Flow Dynamics with Watershed Hydrology - For 27 July 2011 Heavy Storm Event at GonjiamCheon Watershed - (SWAT 및 HEC-RAS 모형의 수문-수리 연계모델링을 통한 곤지암천 유역의 하천범람 및 토사유출 피해저감 연구 - 2011년 7월 27일 국지성 폭우를 대상으로 -)

  • Jung, Chung-Gil;Joh, Hyung-Kyung;Yu, Yeong-Seok;Park, Jong-Yoon;Kim, Seong-Joon
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.54 no.2
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    • pp.87-94
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    • 2012
  • This study is to evaluate flood inundation and to recommend measures of damage reduction on sediment by concentrated torrential rainfall at Gonjiamcheon Watershed (183.4 $km^2$). Firstly, the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was simulated streamflow and sediment at upstream. Then, we produced a map of floodplain boundary by using HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Centers River Analysis System) at downstream. The SWAT model was calibrated with 2 years (2008~2009) daily streamflow and validated for another years (2010~2011. 7. 31). The SWAT model was simulated with 3 years (2008~2010) by monthly water quality (Sediment) at Gonjiamcheon water quality station. The streamflow and sediment from SWAT model were input as boundary conditions to HEC-RAS. The results of HEC-RAS indicated that mapping of floodplain boundary was Jiwol and Jiwol 2 district. Additionally, inundation area and depth were assessed and applied BMPs scenario for managing the sediment yield.

Successful strategy of treatment using rhBMP-2 for maxillary sinus graft (rhBMP-2를 이용한 상악동거상술의 성공적인 치료 전략)

  • Kim, Hyoun Chull;Kim, Soo Nam;Lee, Jang Yeol;Kim, Uk Cheon
    • The Journal of the Korean dental association
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    • v.53 no.1
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    • pp.14-27
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    • 2015
  • BMPs are multi-functional growth factors which are members of the transforming growth factor-beta super family and their ability is that plays a pivotal roll in inducing bone. About 18 BMP family members have been identified and characterized. Among of them, BMP-2 and BMP-7 have significant importance in bone development. In this case reports, patients of maxillary sinus graft were received who visited LivingWell Dental Hospital. We focused on the results of the surgical intervention. We suggest that new strategy of treatment used to rhBMP-2 and ${\beta}$-TCP scaffold for patients of sinus graft. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief overview of BMPs and to critically review the clinical data currently available on rhBMP-2 and synthetic bone scaffold.

Recombinant human BMP-2/-7 heterodimer protein expression for bone tissue engineering using recombinant baculovirus expression system

  • Park, Seung-Won;Goo, Tae-Won;Kim, Seong Ryul;Choi, Kwang-Ho
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.49-53
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    • 2016
  • Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are essential growth factors for bone formation, skeletal development and bone regeneration. The BMP-2/7 heterodimer is known to have remarkable effects on osteogenic induction that are even stronger than the BMP-2 or BMP-7 homodimers. We designed a recombinant human BMP-2/7 (rhBMP-2/7) heterodimer protein with four glycine residues between BMP-2 and BMP-7 protein to facilitate free bond rotation of domains. The Baculovirus Expression Vector System (BEVS) is routinely used to produce recombinant proteins in the milligram scale. In this study, the BEVS was used to express the rhBMP-2/7 protein whrer the recombinant baculovirus was recovered in the host Sf9 cells. To confirm the biological activity of rhBMP-2/7 protein secreted from the BEVS as an osteogenic differentiation and induction factor, we measured the BMP-induced ALP activity. rhBMP-2/7 could be used as an alternative to BMPs to overcome limitations like short half-life and requirement for high concentrations. Furthermore, rhBMP-2/7 may be an efficient tool for various application studies such as bone regeneration and skeletal development.

Establishment of a Stable Cell Line Expressing Human BMP2/7-PTD for Efficient Osteogenic Induction (효과적인 뼈 세포분화 유도를 위한 유전자 재조합 PTD 융합 인간 뼈 형성촉진인자2/7(BMP2/7-PTD)를 발현하는 세포주 개발)

  • Park, Seung-Won;Kang, Seok-Woo;Goo, Tae-Won;Kim, Seong-Ryul;Paik, Soon-Young
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.456-465
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    • 2012
  • Heterodimeric recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (rhBMPs) are powerful tools for bone tissue engineering. However, BMPs have several important limitations in their application to bone regeneration. BMPs have a short half-life and must be used in high concentrations, which may be cost-inefficient. To overcome these problems, we established a stable cell line that expressed the fusion protein comprised of recombinant human BMP2/7 heterodimer protein and PTD (rhBMP2/7-PTD). This stable cell line enabled high process yields by continuously expressing rhBMP2/7-PTD products at high levels throughout cultivation. This synthesized BMP7 was fused to a BMP2 protein with four glycine residues (to allow free bond rotation of the domains) and PTD. To demonstrate that the rhBMP2/7-PTD protein that was secreted from an rhBMP2/7-PTD-expressing stable cell line exhibited biological activity consistent with its role as an osteogenic differentiation induction growth factor, we evaluated BMP-induced ALP activity. Our results suggest that this cell line may be a powerful and efficient tool for applications such as bone tissue regeneration.