• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 기능성이 밝혀져 있는 여주 분말을 첨가하여 쌀누룩을 제조하고 이 누룩을 이용하여 막걸리를 제조하였다. 여주 분말-쌀누룩(BMP-RN)은 BMP를 0, 0.5, 1.0 및 2.0%로 쌀에 첨가하여 제조하였고, 막걸리 발효가 진행되는 동안 발효 특성, 미생물 특성 및 항산화 특성을 확인하였다. 막걸리 발효 중 pH는 담금 직후(발효 0일째) 각각 4.52(0% BMP-RN), 4.93(0.5%), 4.80(1.0%) 및 4.88(2.0%)에서 발효 7일째 4.15, 4.30, 4.57 및 4.77로 감소하였고, 이에 상응하여 총산은 0.60~0.78%에서 1.18-1.42%로 증가하였다. 가용성 고형분은 발효 초기(0일째) $2.2{\sim}4.4^{\circ}Brix$에서 발효 종기(7일째) $8.6{\sim}9.3^{\circ}Brix$로 증가하였고 알코올 함량은 발효 종기 13.0%로 증가하였다. 한편, 수용성 phenolics 함량은 발효 0일째 각각 0.92~1.41 mg/mL에서 발효 종기(7일째) 1.85~2.48 mg/mL로 증가하였고 이에 상응하여 DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성 및 FRAP 환원력은 각각 발효 0일째 46.95~70.04%, 55.33~74.13% 및 0.629~1.243에서 발효 7일째 54.98~83.4%, 70.34~92.39% 및 0.964~1.455로 증가하였다. 여주 분말 첨가 막걸리가 여주 분말 무첨가 막걸리(일반 막걸리)보다 수용성 phenolics 및 항산화 활성이 높았다. 이 결과로 여주-쌀누룩을 이용하여 기능성 막걸리 제조가 가능할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.156-159
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• 2001

A 6-year-old male mongrel dog with a 7-month history of ulnar-radial nonunion fracture was treated with implantation of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). The dog had received surgical correction three times prior to the admission but radiography of the affected limb revealed a typical figure of nonunion fracture. Glossly, the fractured ends were sclerotic and the area between the ends was filled with fibrous tissue. After debridement the shaft was fixed by an 10-hole plate. rhBMP-2 at a total dose of 256 micrograms was implanted with a synthetic carrier into the 10-mm defect formed by the debridement. Callus formation responding to rhBMP-2 was radiographically observed at 4 weeks after implantation and the defect bridged both fracture ends by 8 weeks after implantation. The plate was removed at 12 months after implantation. Any complications were not observed for 5 months after removal of the plate.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2019

Organic wastewater generated from polyester manufacturing processes was selected from H company to investigate the feasibility of anaerobic digestion that produces gases including methane. Bio Methane Potential (BMP) tests were conducted to measure the gas production and methane concentration for 7 process wastewater and 2 kinds of sludges from the H company. Also, along with monitoring pH and alkalinity during the anaerobic digestion process, the concentrations of COD and 1,4-dioxane were measured with 4 different operating conditions for N Emulsion (NE) and Ethylene Glycol (EG) wastewater. The BMP tests showed that 65% of methane was produced from NE and EG wastewater. This suggests that the organic wastewater from H company can be effectively treated by an anaerobic digester by which more than 90% of COD was removed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.86-90
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• 2003

폐 형성에 활성적인 또는 억제적인 기능을 갖고 있다고 알려져 있는 FGF-7 성장인자, BMP수용체 II, 그리고 TGF-$\beta$ 수용체 II 유전자의 비정상 발현이 폐기포 생성에 관여하는지를 각각의 단일성 클론 항체를 사용하여 수술로 절제된 자연기흉 환자의 폐기포 조직들을 면역조직염색 방법으로 염색하여 관찰하였다. 대상 및 방법: 재발성 또는 지속성 기흉으로 흉강경 또는 개흉술로 폐기포 절제술을 실시한 환자들을 대상으로 하였다. 총 31명의 환자로 15세에서 39세까지 연령분포를 보였으며 남자 30명, 여자 1명이었다. 폐기포 절제는 비디오흉강경이나 소절개개흠술을 통하여 폐기포벽에 손상을 가하지 않게 주의하면서 비디오흉강경용 스태플러(Endo GIA stapler)를 이용하여 절제하였으며 가능한 원형을 유지하여 신선한 상태로 포르마린에 고정하여 면역조직화학적 연구를 위한 표본을 만들었다. 폐기포 조직 슬라이드를 단일클론성 항 TGF-$\beta$ 수용체 II, BMP수용체 II 그리고 FGF-7인자 항체를 이용하여 면역조직학적 염색방법으로 관찰하였다. 결과: 전체 환자 31명중 TGF-$\beta$ 수용체 II항체에 양성 반응을 나타낸 환자수는 모두 24명이었다. 이들 중에는 18명이 강한 양성 반응을 보였고, 6명이 약한 양성 반응을 보였다 면역조직화학적 염색 결과를 고배율 현미경으로 살펴보면, TGF-$\beta$ 수용체 II의 염색이 기흉과 정상 폐조직 경계 부위에서 측히 강하게 염색됨이 관찰되었다. 이에 반하여, BMP수용체 II 그리고 FGF-7인자의 항체를 이용한 면역조직학적 염색 결과는 모든 환자의 조직들에서 음성으로 관찰되었다. 결론: 폐 조직이 형성될 때, 억제유전자의 역할을 담당하고 있다고 알려진 TGF-$\beta$ 수용체 II의 발현이 증가되면서 폐기포가 생성될 수 있다는 가능성을 제시하였다. 이번 결론은 면역조직학적 염색 실험 결과만으로 밝혀진 사실임으로 좀 더 체계적인 분자생물학적 인 연구가 요구된다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.258-262
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• 2001

Distraction osteogenesis(DO) can be performed in the bony defect associated with trauma, anomaly, and various kinds of disease. The gap generated by DO is filled with growing callus : during the period of distraction, the osteogenesis is continued. However, there have been few reports about expression pattern of growth factors in newly formed bone during the consolidation periods. We performed DO in the mandibular defect case and studied the expressed pattern of growth factors. Its pattern was compared to that of the same patient. BMP-2 and -4 were strongly expressed in the DO site. Particularly, BMP-4 was not expressed in the normal mature bone, but expressed in new bone in DO. However, there was no difference in the FGF-7 expression between the sites. Therefore, strong expression of BMP-4 are related to new bone formation in DO and they may not be related to the normal homeostasis in human bone. Though FGF-7 is related to the growth of keratinocyte, it may have minimal role in the DO and normal mature bone.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.377-381
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• 2005

We tried to extract bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) from the freeze-dried bovine cortical bone (FBCB) for bone graft, which were defatted with chloroform-methanol for 20 days, freeze-dried at $-80^{\circ}C$ for 7 days and sterilized by ethylene oxide gas. Two kg of FBCB were pulverized in a wheel mill to $0.5-2.0mm^3$ cubic in size. The bone particles were demineralized in 0.6N HCI for 10 days at chloroform-methanol$4^{\circ}C$ and defatted with chloroform-methanol for 6 hours at room temperature, which was going to be defatting and demineralized cortical bone (DDM). For extracting BMP, DDM was agitated continuously through 72 hours with magnetic stirrer at $4^{\circ}C$ into 12 times of volume of 6 M guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn-HCl) solution containing proteinase inhibitors to protect BMP such as 2mM N-ethylaleimide, 1mM iodoacetic acid, 1mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and a sterilizer, 1mM sodium azide. The extraction procedure was repeated for three times. All extracted solution was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 30 min and then, the supernatant was dialyzed with 12 times of volume of deionized water at $4^{\circ}C$ for 24-72 hours, which cut off below 6,000-8,000 molecular weight. The dialyzed specimen contained crude-BMP was centrifuged, freeze-dried, and weighted. Through these processing, we could obtained $84.9\%$ as FBCB, $17.8\%$ as DDM and $0.71\%$ as crude-BMP from the wet cortical bone without cancellous bone, marrow and muscles. The crude-BMP were obtained $68.3\%$ from the first extraction, $29.6\%$ from secondary and $2.1\%$ from tertiary, respectively. It was suggested that high yield of crude-BMP migth be explained by three-time repetition of the extraction processing for crude-BMP with Gdn-Hcl sol.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.48.1-48.21
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• 2023

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) possess immunoregulatory properties and their regulatory functions represent a potential therapy for acute lung injury (ALI). However, uncertainties remain with respect to defining MSCs-derived immunomodulatory pathways. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the enhanced effect of human recombinant bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) primed ES-MSCs (MSC^BMP2) in promoting Tregs in ALI mice. MSC were preconditioned with 100 ng/ml rhBMP-2 for 24 h, and then administrated to mice by intravenous injection after intratracheal injection of 1 mg/kg LPS. Treating MSCs with rhBMP-2 significantly increased cellular proliferation and migration, and cytokines array reveled that cytokines release by MSC^BMP2 were associated with migration and growth. MSC^BMP2 ameliorated LPS induced lung injury and reduced myeloperoxidase activity and permeability in mice exposed to LPS. Levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase were decreased while levels of total glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity were further increased via inhibition of phosphorylated STAT1 in ALI mice treated with MSC^BMP2. MSC^BMP2 treatment increased the protein level of IDO1, indicating an increase in Treg cells, and Foxp3⁺CD25⁺ Treg of CD4⁺ cells were further increased in ALI mice treated with MSC^BMP2. In co-culture assays with MSCs and RAW264.7 cells, the protein level of IDO1 was further induced in MSC^BMP2. Additionally, cytokine release of IL-10 was enhanced while both IL-6 and TNF-α were further inhibited. In conclusion, these findings suggest that MSC^BMP2 has therapeutic potential to reduce massive inflammation of respiratory diseases by promoting Treg cells.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.280-285
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• 2002

As the result of the study concerning "bone inducibility of chitosan", 1. "BMP-2" was observed mainly through the test when the "osteoblast" is exposed to the "chitosan". The expression of BMP-2 was 542.63 times compared to control after 2 hours exposure and it was maintained 16.60 times till 24 hours. 2. The expression of BMP-4 was decreased compared to control during exposure. 3. The expression of BMP-7 revealed two peaks during exposure. 4. The expression of osteocalcin was increased in early phase, and then decreased. Although it is not clear whether the "chitosan" is clinically effective material as a "bone induction material", we could say that it has a function for bone induction. Further detailed study will be required.

• Asian Spine Journal
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1010-1016
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• 2018

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Purpose: To report on spinal fusion assessment using computed tomography (CT) after adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery using ultra-low dose recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (RhBMP-2). Overview of Literature: The reported dose of RhBMP-2 needed for successful spinal posterolateral fusion in ASD ranges from 10 to 20 mg per spinal level. This study reports the use of ultra-low dose of RhBMP-2 (0.07 mg per facet) to achieve spinal fusion in multilevel ASD surgery. Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent ASD surgery using ultra-low dose RhBMP-2 were recruited. Routine postoperative CT analysis for spinal fusion was performed by two spine surgeons. Inter-observer agreement was calculated for facet fusion (FF) and interbody fusion (IBF) at 6 and 12 months after the procedure. Results: Six consecutive ASD patients with a mean age of 62 years (28-72 years) were examined. Each patient received a total dose of 12 mg with an average dose of $0.69{\pm}0.2mg$ (0.42-1 mg) per single FF and $1.38{\pm}0.44mg$ (0.85-2 mg) for IBF. Total 131 FF and 15 IBF were examined in the study, with 88 FFs and nine IBFs being analyzed specifically at 6 months after the surgery. FF and IBF reported by surgeons A and B at 6 months were 97.7% vs. 91.9% FF, respectively (${\kappa}=0.95$) and 100% vs. 100% IBF, respectively (${\kappa}=1$). Two patients underwent longitudinal follow-up CT at 12 months, and the FF rates reported by surgeons A and B were 100% vs. 95.8%, respectively (${\kappa}=0.96$). Five out of nine facet (56%) non-unions were identified at the cross-links. The remaining four facet pseudarthrosis were noted at 1-2 spinal levels caudal to the cross-links. At the final clinical follow-up, there was no rod breakage, deformity progression, neurological deficit, or symptom recurrence. The Oswestry Disability Index improved by an average of $32.8{\pm}6.3$, while the mental component summary of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey improved by an average of $4.7{\pm}2.1$, and physical component summary improved by an average of $10.5{\pm}2.1$. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to report a CT that defined 92%-98% FF and 100% IBF using the lowest reported dose of RhBMP-2 in multilevel ASD surgery. The use of ultra-low dose RhBMP-2 reduces the RhBMP-2 related complications and healthcare costs.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.211-223
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• 2017

Transforming growth factor beta ($TGF-{\beta}$) signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, immunity, survival, and apoptosis of many cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the differential expression of $TGF-{\beta}$-related genes, and their interactions and regulators in the spleen of two genetically disparate chicken lines (Marek's disease resistant line 6.3 and Marek's disease-susceptible line 7.2) induced with necrotic enteritis (NE) by Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens infection. By using high-throughput RNA-sequencing, we investigated 76 $TGF-{\beta}$-related genes that were significantly and differentially expressed in the spleens of the chickens. Approximately 20 $TGF-{\beta}$ pathway genes were further verified by qRT-PCR, and the results were consistent with our RNA sequencing data. All 76 identified genes were analyzed through Gene Ontology and mapped onto the KEGG chicken $TGF-{\beta}$ pathway. Our results demonstrated that several key genes, including $TGF-{\beta}$1-3, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP)1-7, inhibitor of differentiation (ID) proteins ID1-3, SMAD1-9, and Jun, showed a markedly differential expression between the two chicken lines, relative to their respective controls. We then further predicted 24 known miRNAs that targeted BMP7 mRNA from 139 known miRNAs in the two chicken lines. Among these, six miRNAs were measured by qRT-PCR. In conclusion, this study is the first to analyze most of the genes, interactions, and regulators of the $TGF-{\beta}$ pathway in the innate immune responses of NE afflicted chickens.