• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.3-21
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• 2001

Nursing diagnosis classification is needed to define nursing phenomena and set up nursing plans. The purpose of this study is to develope common nursing diagnosis by comparing and analysing nursing diagnosis classification systems and assessment tools in home care. The target home care nursing diagnosis classifications and tools are HHCC. NANDA. OMAHA. MDS_HC 2.0. OASIS-Bl. Results of this study are as follows: - The number of components of nursing diagnosis classifications and tools is HHCC 4. NANDA 9. OMAHA 4. MDS_HC2.0 6. OASIS-B1 10. - The number of common nursing diagnosis in home care is summed up 51 which are physical heal th 17. social health 5. psychological health 11. health related behavior 13. environment 3.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2001

The "crescent-egg" a new spontaneous mutant was detected in a white egg strain k37. Studies were carried out the linkage analysis, to investigate phenotypic characteristics and biochemical analysis of haemolymph and ovarian protein. The mutant, ore was independent from 20 linkage groups P(2), Ze(3),L(4), oc(5), sn8), Ia(9), w-1(10), K(11), ch(13), U(14), bl(15), cts(16), bts(17), mln(18), nb(19), oh(20),Lan(21), or(22), tub(23) and Xan(27). The fertilization, hatchability and larval growth were not different from the those of normal eggs. The content and composition of yolk protein were similared to normal eggs. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the areal specific structure in dorsal region of egg-shell of cre mutant. Analysis of chorion protein by isoelectrofocusing(IEF), was resolved no difference in the composite of the chorion protein. We conclude that the egg mutant ere is expressed only in the egg-shape formation and region specific determination.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2012

Object : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of Hwangryunhaedok-tang herbal-acupuncture therapy for Agitation(Byun-jo) caused by cerebral infarction. Methods : One patient was admitted who was suffering from insomnia, chest discomfort, anxiety, palpitation of Agitation(Byun-jo), after cerebral infarction. In the point of Differentiation of Syndromes(辨證), we diagnosed this patient as Excessive heat-fire syndrome of stroke(中風火熱證) and treated with Hwangryunhaedok-tang herbal-acupuncture therapy at CV17, BL15, GB20. Results : After Hwangryunhaedok-tang herbal-acupuncture therapy, symtoms of Agitation(Byun-jo) were improved remarkably, and the score of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) were decreased. Conclusions : Hwangryunhaedok-tang herbal-acupuncture therapy has meaningful effect on the symptoms of Agitation(Byun-jo) caused by cerebral infarction and more researches should be followed.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2004

In a variety of animal species, the perinatal exposure of experimental animals to the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo­p-dioxin (TCDD) leads to the immune dysfunction, which is more severe and persistent than that caused by adult exposure. We report here the changes of gene expression and the identification of the marker-genes representing the dioxin exposure. The expressions of the transcripts were analyzed using the 11 K oligonucleotide­microarray from the bone marrow cells of male C57BL/6J mice after an intraperitoneal injection of $1{\mu}g$ TCDD/kg body weight at various time intervals: gestational 6.5 day(G6.5), 13.5 day(G13.5), 18.5 day(G18.5), and postnatal 3 (P3W)and 6 week (P6W). The type of self-organizing maps(SOM) representing the specific exposure dioxin could be identified as follows; G6.5D(C14), G13.5D(C0, C5, C10, C18), G18.5D(7): P3W(C2, C21), and P6W(C4, C15, C20). The candidate marker-genes were restricted to the transcripts, which could be consistently expressed greater than $\pm$2-fold in three experiments. The resulting candidates were 85 genes, the characteristics of that were involved in cell physiology and cell functions such as cell proliferation and immune function. We identified the biomarker-genes for dioxin exposure: smc -like 2 from SOM C14 for the dioxin exposure at G6.5D, focal adhesion kinase and 6 other genes from C0, and protein tyrosine phosphatase 4a2 and 3 other genes from C5 for G13.5D, platelet factor 4 from C7 for G18.5D, fos from C2 for P3W.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1532-1539
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• 2012

The ${\alpha}$-galactosidase-coding gene agaAJB13 was cloned from Sphingomonas sp. JB13 showing 16S rDNA (1,343 bp) identities of ${\leq}97.2%$ with other identified Sphingomonas strains. agaAJB13 (2,217 bp; 64.9% GC content) encodes a 738-residue polypeptide (AgaAJB13) with a calculated mass of 82.3 kDa. AgaAJB13 showed the highest identity of 61.4% with the putative glycosyl hydrolase family 36 ${\alpha}$-galactosidase from Granulicella mallensis MP5ACTX8 (EFI56085). AgaAJB13 also showed <37% identities with reported protease-resistant or Sphingomonas ${\alpha}$-galactosidases. A sequence analysis revealed different catalytic motifs between reported Sphingomonas ${\alpha}$-galactosidases (KXD and RXXXD) and AgaAJB13 (KWD and SDXXDXXXR). Recombinant AgaAJB13 (rAgaAJB13) was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The purified rAgaAJB13 was characterized using p-nitrophenyl-${\alpha}$-D-galactopyranoside as the substrate and showed an apparent optimum at pH 5.0 and $60^{\circ}C$ and strong resistance to trypsin and proteinase K digestion. Compared with reported proteaseresistant ${\alpha}$-galactosidases showing thermolability at $50^{\circ}C$ or $60^{\circ}C$ and specific activities of <71 U/mg with or without protease treatments, rAgaAJB13 exhibited a better thermal stability (half-life of >60 min at $60^{\circ}C$) and higher specific activities (225.0-256.5 U/mg). These sequence and enzymatic properties suggest AgaAJB13 is the first identified and characterized Sphingomonas ${\alpha}$-galactosidase, and shows novel protease resistance with a potential value for basic research and industrial applications.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1819-1826
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• 2020

Increasing evidence suggests a potential role of microbial colonization in the inception of chronic airway diseases. However, it is not clear whether the lung and gut microbiome dysbiosis is coincidental or a result of mutual interaction. In this study, we investigated the airway microbiome in interleukin 13 (IL-13)-rich lung environment and related alterations of the gut microbiome. IL-13-overexpressing transgenic (TG) mice presented enhanced eosinophilic inflammatory responses and mucus production, together with airway hyperresponsiveness and subepithelial fibrosis. While bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and cecum samples obtained from 10-week-old IL-13 TG mice and their C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) littermates showed no significant differences in alpha diversity of lung and gut microbiome, they presented altered beta diversity in both lung and gut microbiota in the IL-13 TG mice compared to the WT mice. Lung-specific IL-13 overexpression also altered the composition of the gut as well as the lung microbiome. In particular, IL-13 TG mice showed an increased proportion of Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria and a decreased amount of Bacteroidetes in the lungs, and depletion of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the gut. The patterns of polymicrobial interaction within the lung microbiota were different between WT and IL-13 TG mice. For instance, in IL-13 TG mice, lung Mesorhizobium significantly affected the alpha diversity of both lung and gut microbiomes. In summary, chronic asthma-like pathologic changes can alter the lung microbiota and affect the gut microbiome. These findings suggest that the lung-gut microbial axis might actually work in asthma.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.47-62
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• 2010

Objectives: Colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by colonic mucosal inflammation and chronic relapsing events represents. The purpose of this study is to evaluate effects of pharmacopuncture of anti-inflammatory herbal compound (AiC) applied to the different acupoints in the acute colitis induced by trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) intracolonic injection in rats. Methods: In Male Sprague - Dawley rats, weighing 250~400g, TNBS (5 mg/kg) was infused intrarectally through a silicon rubber catheter into the anus under isoflurane anaesthesia. Acupoints of LI4 (Hapkok), ST25 (Cheonchu), ST36 (Joksamni), and BL25 (Daejangsu) were intramuscularly injected by AiC, respectively (injection volume & times: 0.2 ml / acupoint, twice times on the 2nd & 3rd day). Expressions of cFos protein in the periaqueductal gray (PAG), locus coeruleus (LC), nucleus of solitary tract (Sol), and the 6th lumbar spinal cord (L6 s.c.) were observed at 24 hr after TNBS induced colitis by immunohistochemistry. Results: The expression of c-Fos protein in the L6 s.c., Sol, LC and PAG increased 24 hr after TNBS injection into colorectum as compared to normal and 50% ethanol treated group. AiC to LI4 inhibited the expression of c-Fos protein in Sol and PAG but not L6 s.c. and LC. AiC to ST36 showed significant inhibition the c-Fos expression in L6 s.c., Sol and PAG. AiC to ST25 only showed the effects in L6 s.c. and PAG. AiC to BL25 inhibited significantly the expression of c-Fos protein all over the areas. To investigate whether or not endogenous opioids are involved, intrathecal injection of naltrexone (30ug/30ul) was applied before the 2nd pharmacopuncture treatment 24 hr after TNBS-induced colitis in rat. Naltrexone reversed the inhibition of c-Fos protein expression in the spinal cord and brainstem. Conclusions: These data show that pharmacopuncture of Aic potently inhibits signal pathways ascending hypersensitivity of colorectum after TNBS induced colitis and depends on the endogenous opioids according to acupoints.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.393-398
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• 2007

국가 기준측지계가 세계측지계로 변경됨에 따라 모든 국가기준점의 좌표를 기존의 동경측지계에서 세계측지계로 변환해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 삼각점자료 중에서 현재까지 남아있는 EDM 단일 관측지역의 세계측지계 좌표를 산정하였다. 이전의 정밀 2차 데이터 셋을 확보하여 이설자료를 조사 및 검증하여 데이터 셋에 갱신하고, 새로운 데이터 셋을 구축하였다. 구축된 데이터 셋을 국토지리정보원에서 고시한 변환파라미터를 이용하여 KGD2002 좌표계로 변환하였으며, EGM96 모델을 이용하여 지오이드고를 산정하고, 이전에 보정하지 않았던 지오이드고에 대한 영향을 분석하여 보정하였다 보정된 자료를 데이터 셋에 반영하고, GPS 2등 및 GPS망과 EDM망의 경계부분의 GPS 3등 기준점을 확보하여 경위도(BL) 망조정을 수행하여 최종 성과를 산출하였다. 최종 망조정 결과 표준편차(Mo)가 최소 1.37", 최대 2.13"로 나타났으며, 본 연구를 통하여 산출된 성과는 국가기준점성과로 사용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1357-1368
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 청국장의 항비만 및 항염증 효과를 알아보고자 C57BL/6 마우스에 고지방식이를 13주감 섭취시켜 비만을 유도한 후에 고지방 식이에 청국장을 10% 첨가하여 항비만과 항염증 활성을 확인하였다. 고지방식이를 통해 비만이 유도된 mice (HFD)에 고지방식이와 함께 청국장을 첨가하여 섭취한 그룹(CGJ)의 체중 증가율은 고지방식이군과 비교하였을 때 현저하게 감소하였을 뿐만 아니라 정상식이군보다도 유의적으로 감소하였으며 혈중 TG, TC, glucose, insulin, AST와 ALT 분비는 감소하였고 adiponectin의 수치는 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 또한 H&E와 Oil red O staining을 통해 13주 동안 고지방식이를 통해 유도된 지방 간의 심각정도가 청국장의 섭취로 인하여 감소한 것을 확인하였다(p<0.05). 간세포는 대식세포, T세포와 같은 면역시스템의 세포들을 포함하고 있는데 비만으로 유도된 간 조직의 염증반응에 청국장이 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 FACS 분석을 수행하였다. CGJ군은 HFD군에 비하여 T cell의 침윤과 대식세포의 축적, 호중구의 유입이 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 간 조직으로 침윤된 면역세포의 증가가 간 조직 내 염증반응을 유도하는지 확인하기 위해 염증성 cytokine의 수준을 조사한 결과 간과 지방 조직에서 염증성 cytokine인 MCP-1과 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 mRNA 발현이 감소하였으며 지방합성에 관여하는 $PPAR-{\gamma}$, SREBP-1와 $CEBP/{\alpha}$의 mRNA 발현 역시 감소하였다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 청국장이 면역 시스템과 지방생성 전사 인자들의 발현에 관여함으로써 adipogenesis를 조절함과 동시에 염증 억제 효과를 가진다는 사실을 증명하였다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2005

2004 년 3월 9일부터 5월 15일까지 경희의료원 침구과 외래를 내원하여 8주간 연구과정을 마친 환자 29명의 환자를 관찰하여 뜸치료 전, 후의 파킨슨병 증상의 호전도를 여러 임상 척도를 이용하여 살펴 본 결과를 다음과 같이 보고하는 바이다. 1. UPDRS 점수는 침치료 전, 4주 후, 8주 후 각각 $35.41{\pm}22.98$, $31,93{\pm}23.44$, $30.75{\pm}24.55$로 나타나 통계적으로 매우 유의한 차이가 있었다 (p<0.01). 2. HY stage의 변화는 4주후(p=0.046)에는 유의한 변화가 있으나, 8주후에는 (0.063) 유의한 변화가 없었다. 3. Schwab과 England에 의한 ADL의 변화는 4 주후, 8주후 모두 유의한 변화가 없었다(p>0.05). 4. FOCQ의 변화는 치료 4주후에는 유의한 차이가 있었으나(p=0.05) 8주 후에는 유의한 차이가 없었다(p=0.13) 5. 뜸치료를 통해 환자에게서 파킨슨병 임상척도의 변화 외에 움직임의 유연성이나, 덜 피로함과 같은 다양한 변화가 나타났다.