• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.107-113
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• 2014

The present study was designed to investigate the antihyperlipidemic effect of Coconopsis lanceolata extract in C57BL/6J mice. The mice were divided into four groups: normal diet group (ND), high fat diet group (HFD), positive control group with 0.05% metformin (PC), Coconopsis lanceolata extract group (UCL). After 5 weeks of feeding, average body weight of the UCL group mice was slightly decreased, while that of the HFD group significantly increased) Also, liver and adipose tissue weights in the UCL group significantly increased. The levels of trigliceride (TG) and total in the plasma of UCL-supplemented group were significantly lower than those of high fat diet group. On the other hand, HDL-cholesterol level was increased. Expression level of proteins related with adipogenesis such as SREBP-1c, ACC, and FAS in the liver of the UCL group mice was much lower comparing with the HFD group mice. In conclusion, the results showed that the Coconopsis lanceolata extract possesses significant antihyperlipidemic effects in C57BL/6J mice.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.96-103
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• 2021

Background: We aimed to investigate the effect of Citrous limon extract (CLE) on oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity and nitric oxide (NO) generation and the tooth bleaching effect of CLE as a substitute for hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and determine the feasibility and application of CLE as a safe and effective natural tooth bleaching agent. Methods: The protective effect of CLE on H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in Raw264.7 macrophages was investigated by the MTT assay. The inhibitory effect of CLE on the generation of H₂O₂-induced NO was confirmed by the NO assay, and the changes in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression were confirmed by western blotting. Stained bovine teeth were treated with/without 15% and/or 35% CLE and H₂O₂, 15% sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) for 3 hours, and were irradiated with/without bleaching light (BL) for 15 minutes. The color change of the treated bovine tooth surface was measured using a colorimeter. Results: The viability of Raw264.7 cells treated with each concentration of CLE and 500 μM H₂O₂ significantly increased as CLE increased, and NO generation and iNOS protein expression were significantly reduced in cells treated with 300 ㎍ CLE+/500 μM H₂O₂+ and 300 ㎍ CLE+/500 μM H₂O₂+/150 ㎍ NaHCO₃+. The bleaching effect of 35% CLE+ was higher than that of 15% CLE+ and 15% NaHCO₃+, and the effect was similar to that of 15% H₂O₂+. The 35% CLE+/15% NaHCO₃+ showed the greatest bleaching effect and was higher than that of the groups irradiated with the BL. The greatest bleaching effect was observed with 35% CLE+/15% NaHCO₃+, followed by 35% H₂O₂+/BL+. Conclusion: CLE inhibited oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity and NO generation in Raw264.7 cells and, could replace H₂O₂, which causes side effects and risks in teeth breaching treatment. It showed greatest teeth bleaching effect when combined with NaHCO₃. CLE is an effective and safe natural tooth bleaching substitute.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.261-267
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• 2020

The demand for faster, lighter, and thinner portable electronic devices has brought about a change in semiconductor packaging technology. In response, a stacked chip-scale package(SCSP) is used widely in the assembly industry. One of the key materials for SCSP is a die-attach film (DAF). Excellent flowability is needed for DAF for successful die attachment without voids. For DAF with high flowability, two-step curing is often required to reduce a cure crack, but one-step curing is needed to reduce the processing time. In this study, DAF composition was categorized into three groups: cure (epoxy resins), soft (rubbers), hard (phenoxy resin, silica) component. The effect of the composition on a cure crack was examined when one-step curing was applied. The die-attach void and flowability were also assessed. The cure crack decreased as the amount of hard components decreased. Die-attach voids also decreased as the amount of hard components decreased. Moreover, the decrease in cure component became important when the amount of hard component was small. The flowability was evaluated using high-temperature storage modulus and bleed-out. A decrease in the amount of hard components was critical for the low storage modulus at 100℃. An increase in cure component and a decrease in hard component were important for the high bleed-out at 120℃(BL-120).

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.571-575
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• 2003

A marine aerobic Gram-negative bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora, has been blown to hydrolyze carrageenans, the sulfated galactans of red algae, and to desulfate oligo kappa-carrageenans. Recently, the gene encoding arylsulfatase (aryl-sulfate sulfohydrolase, E.C.3.1.6.1) of A. carrageenovora was cloned and the nucleotide sequence was reported. Enzymatic hydrolysis of sulfate groups in agaropectin simplifies the process of agarose preparation. In order to overproduce the enzyme, the arylsulfatase gene (astA, 984 bp ORF) from P. carrageenovora genome was amplified by PCR and subcloned into the pET21a vector. When the constructed plasmid pAST-A1 was introduced into E, coli BL21(DE3), the transformant on LB plate containing IPTG showed the hydrolyzing activity for p-nitrophenyl sulfate. Most of arylsulfatase activity was found in the cell lysate, but at $50\;{\sim}\;5000\;{\mu}M$ IPTG concentration the activity was found both in the culture supernatant and the cell lysate. The molecular weight of the recombinant enzyme was estimated to be 34 kDa by SDS-PAGE.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.905-910
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• 1988

Anomalous origin of the coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is a rare congenital coronary artery disease and the origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery represents the commonest form of these unusual lesions. Because of differences in symptomatology, clinical course and prognosis, this malformation has been divided into infant type[Bl-and-White-Garland syndrome] and adult type on the basis of the absence or presence of collateral circulation between the right and left coronary artery. The latter type has been reported relatively few cases. A 21-year-old male was admitted to the Yeungnam University Hospital, due to study of incidentally noticed heart murmur. At that time he was asymptomatic and past medical history was noncontributory. Chest roentgenogram was within normal limit and electrocardiogram was consistent with hypertrophy of left ventricle. Echocardiogram and aortogram demonstrated markedly dilated and tortuous right coronary artery and anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. To prevent arteriosclerosis, progressive myocardial infarction, infection and aneurysmal rupture, Takeuchi operation which establish a two coronary system by transpulmonary arterial reconnection of the anomalous left coronary artery was done. Postoperative course was uneventful.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.59.2-59.2
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• 2011

We introduce an ongoing project for monitoring total flux density at 22 and 43GHz, linearly polarized flux, and polarization angle at 22GHz of Gamma-ray bright AGN (Active Galactic Nuclei) with KVN (Korean VLBI Network) 21-m radio telescopes. The project started in May, 2011 with an effective monitoring cycle of 4 days, observing four main objects (3C 454.3, BL Lac, 3C 273, and 3C 279). More objects were included in the source list when they had flared in Gamma-ray. In this paper, we report the current status of the project and preliminary results for the monitoring observations.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.776-780
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• 2004

Interferons are cytokines that confer resistance to viral infection and inhibit cellular proliferation. The interferon alpha gene from human blood samples was amplified, cloned and expressed in E. coli (BL21). Leukocyte chromosomal DNA was used as a source of template DNA. Using specific primers, the gene for HulFN$\{alpha}$-2b was amplified and inserted into the E. coli vector, pET21b, by ligation of the HindIII and BamHI linkers of the vector and insert. The insert was further analyzed by PCR, DNA restriction mapping and sequencing, and expressed in a suitable E. coli strain. The production of this important cellular protein in the laboratory has significant applications in production of the recombinant pharmaceutical proteins.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.133-136
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• 2006

The adsorption of proteins on the surface of glass slides is essential for construction of protein chips. Previously, we prepared a nickel-coated plate by the spin-coating method for immobilization of His-tagged proteins. In order to know whether the structural factor is responsible for the immobilization of His-tagged proteins to the nickel-coated glass slide, we executed a series of experiments. First we purified a His-tagged protein after expressing the vector in E. coli BL21 (DE3). Then we obtained the unfolding curve for the His-tagged protein by using guanidine hydrochloride. Fractions unfolded were monitored by internal fluorescence spectroscopy. The ${\Delta}G_{H20}$ for unfolding was $2.27kcal/mol{/pm}0.52$. Then we tested if unfolded His-tagged proteins can be adsorbed to the nickel-coated plate, comparing with $Ni^{2+}-NTA$ (nitrilotriacetic acid) beads. Whereas unfolded His-tagged proteins were adsorbed to $Ni^{2+}-NTA$ beads, they did not bind to the nickel-coated plate. In conclusion, a structural factor is likely to be an important factor for constructing the protein chips, when His-tagged proteins will immobilize to the nickel-coated slides.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.136-144
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• 2007

Biotae Orientalis has been widely used for treatment of relaxion of smooth muscle, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and alopecia in Oriental Medicine. This experiment examined the effect of an extracts, obtained from the acetone and MeOH extracts of dried or fresh Biotae Orientalis, on hair growing activity of the C57BL/6N mice after topical application to skin. First, We examined on hair growth activity of extracts of Biotae Orientalis compare to control and 1% minoxidil groups. Second, We investigated on the number of hair follicle and mast cells after topical application of extracts of the Biotae Orientalis to skin for 16 day. Third, We investigated immunoreactive density of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), protein kinase C-${\alpha}$(PKC-${\alpha}$) and stem(mast) cell factor(SCF) in skin of C57BL/6N mice by immunohistochemical methods. I fourth investigated changes of subpopulation of splenocytes and thymocytes in C57BL/6N mice for 16day using laser flow cytometry. The results were as follows : Hair growing effect of acetone and MeOH extracts of dried and fresh Biotae Orientalis was observed in 70%, 90% and 60% in hair removed skin area in 16 day respectively. Immunoreactive density of VEGF and PKC-${\alpha}$ in skin of experimental groups was weakly stained compare to control group in 10 day. Immunoreactive density of stem cell factor in skin of experimental group was heavily stained compare to control group in 10 day. Splenic TH/TC Iymphocytes of lived MeOH extracts group significantly increased compare to control group. TH cells in thymic T lymphocytes were increased compare to control group. These experiment suggest that acetone and MeOH extracts of Biotae Orientalis may be used for topical treatment of alopecia areata.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.226-239
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• 2004

Objective: Purpose of this study was to examine the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) at Xingjian(LR2) as 'Fire(火)' point of The Leg Absolute Um Liver Meridan(足厥陰肝經 : Chok-Kworum-Kan-Kyong) on the facial thermal change. Methods: Subjects of this study were 15 patients with upperpart(includes head and facial part) fever of human body and two examinations were carried out in each other day. We divided cases of two examinations into two groups. One is experimental group(N=15) that was carried out electroacupuncture stimulation at Xingjian(LR2), the other is control group(N=15) which was carried out electroacupuncture stimulation at optional point(in space between 1st and 2nd fingers) except acupuncture points of 12 meridians. We took the temperature of fixed areas on face by digital infrared thermal image(D.I.T.I.) before and after electroacupuncture stimulation. Those fixed areas on face that was taken temperature are Jingming(BL1), Sibai(ST2), Dicang(ST4), Indang, Shuigou(GV26), Chengjiang(CV24) areas. In cases of temperature of Jingming(BL1), Sibai(ST2), Dicang(ST4) areas, we applied each mean of left and right temperature to statical analysis. Results: In the group of electroacupuncture stimulation at Xingjian(LR2), temperature of every fixed areas on face fell: Jingming(BL1) area's ${\Delta}T=-0.7007{\pm}0.78642$, Sibai(ST2) area's ${\Delta}T=-0.6280{\pm}0.56439$, Dicang(ST4) area's ${\Delta}T=-0.5940{\pm}0.60179$, Indang area's ${\Delta}T=-0.7200{\pm}0.64515$, Shuigou(GV26) area's ${\Delta}T=-0.6160{\pm}0.80487$, Chengjiang(CV24) area's ${\Delta}T=-0.5627{\pm}0.72615$. In Xingjian(LR2) electroacupuncture group, each temperature of Jingming(BL1), Sibai(ST2), Indang areas showed a drop significantly in comparison with control group (p<0.05). But each temperature of Dicang(ST4), Shuigou(GV26), Chengjiang(CV24) areas did not showed a drop significantly in comparison with control group(p>0.05). Conclusions: The results mentioned above showed that electroacupuncture stimulation at Xingjian(LR2) significantly decreased the temperature on face of patients with upperpart fever of human body. In Xingjian(LR2) electroacupuncture group, especially temperature of upper part of face includes eye, cheekbone, forehead regions showed a drop significantly in comparison with control group.