• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2000

We have synthesized 4-isonitroso-4H-1-benzopyran and 4-amino-2,3-dihydro -4H-1-benzopyran of chromone derivatives by using condensation method. Physico-chemical properties of these compounds were measured and analyzed by UV and HPLC method. The correlation coefficient of their methanol solutions by UV were 0.9992 and 0.9994, respectively. And oxime compound was resolved within 4 min and had a detection limit of 3 ng at S/N=3 by HPLC using a reversed phase column with three solvents(MeOH, $H_2O$, HAc). The amino compound was resolved within 4.5 min and had a detection limit of 10 ng at S/N=3 by HPLC under the same conditions. Anti-diabetic effect of chromone derivatives were investigated in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by injections of STZ (45 mg/kg, i.v). The investigation of the hair growth effect of isonitrosobenzopyran and 4-aminobenzopyran on the hair of black mouse (C57BL/6) was also carried out. The administraion of their ethanol solution to the black mouse (C57BU/6) through skin them promoted the growth of hair.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.377-389
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• 2024

The possibility of new viruses emerging in various regions worldwide has increased due to a combination of factors, including climate change and the expansion of international trading. Plant viruses spread through various transmission routes, encompassing well-known avenues such as pollen, seeds, and insects. However, research on potential transmission routes beyond these known mechanisms has remained limited. To address this gap, this study employed metatranscriptomic analysis to ascertain the presence of plant viruses in imported frozen fruits, specifically cherries and blueberries. This analysis aimed to identify pathways through which plant viruses may be introduced into countries. Virome analysis revealed the presence of six species of plant viruses in frozen cherries and blueberries: cherry virus A (CVA), prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), prune dwarf virus (PDV), prunus virus F (PrVF), blueberry shock virus (BlShV), and blueberry latent virus (BlLV). Identifying these potential transmission routes is crucial for effectively managing and preventing the spread of plant viruses and crop protection. This study highlights the importance of robust quality control measures and monitoring systems for frozen fruits, emphasizing the need for proactive measures to mitigate the risk associated with the potential spread of plant viruses.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.65-68
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• 2005

The effect of crystal orientation and microstructure on the mechanical properties of $TaN_x$ was investigated. $TaN_x$ films were grown on $SiO_2$ substrates by ultrahigh vacuum unbalanced magnetron sputter deposition in mixed $Ar/N_2$ discharges at 20 mTorr (2.67 Pa) and at $350^{\circ}C$. Unlike the Ti-N system, in which TiN is the terminal phase, a large number of N-rich phases in the Ta-N system could lead to layers which had nano-sized lamella structure of coherent cubic and hexagonal phases, with a correct choice of nitrogen fraction in the sputtering mixture and ion irradiation energy during growth. The preferred orientations and the micro-structure of $TaN_x$ layers were controlled by varing incident ion energy $E_i\;(=30eV\~50eV)$ and nitrogen fractions $f_{N2}\;(=0.1\~0.15)$. $TaN_x$ layers were grown on (0002)-Ti underlayer as a crystallographic template in order to relieve the stress on the films. The structure of the $TaN_x$ film transformed from Bl-NaCl $\delta-TaN_x$ to lamellar structured Bl-NaCl $\delta-TaN_x$ + hexagonal $\varepsilon-TaN_x$ or Bl-NaCl $\delta-TaN_x$ + hexagonal $\gamma-TaN_x$ with increasing the ion energy at the same nitrogen fraction $f_{N2}$. The hardness of the films also increased by the structural change. At the nitrogen fraction of $0.1\~0.125$, the structure of the $TaN_x$ films was changed from $\delta-TaN_x\;+\;\varepsilon-TaN_x\;to\;\delta-TaN_x\;+\;\gamma-TaN_x$ with increasing the ion energy. However, at the nitrogen fraction of 0.15 the film structure did not change from $\delta-TaN_x\;+\;\varepsilon-TaN_x$ over the whole range of the applied ion energy. The hardness increased significantly from 21.1 GPa to 45.5 GPa with increasing the ion energy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1776-1781
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• 2012

Multiple viruses such as Lily symptomless virus (LSV), Lily mottle virus (LMoV), and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) are the most prevalent viruses infecting lilies in Korea. Leaf samples and bulbs showing characteristic symptoms of virus infection were collected from Gangwon, Chungnam, and Jeju provinces of Korea in 2008-2011. Coat protein (CP) genes of LSV and LMoV were amplified from collected samples by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cloned into a pET21d(+) expression vector to generate recombinant CPs. The resulting carboxy-terminal His-tagged CPs were expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by isopropyl-1-thio-${\beta}$-D-galactoside induction. The recombinant proteins were purified using Ni-NTA agarose beads, and the purified proteins were used as an immunogen to produce polyclonal antibodies in rabbits. The resulting polyclonal antisera recognized specifically LSV and LMoV from infected plant tissues in Western blotting assays. Indirect enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and immunocapture RT-PCR using these polyclonal antisera were developed for the sensitive, efficient, economic, and rapid detection of Lily viruses. These results suggest that large-scale bulb tests and economic detection of Lily viruses in epidemiological studies can be performed routinely using these polyclonal antisera.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.151-157
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• 2018

Among the various sensors for measuring traffic, PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) piezoelectric sensors are used to classify vehicles because they can detect the axle of the vehicle. Piezoelectric sensors are embedded in road pavements and are always exposed to traffic loads and environmental loads. Therefore, the life expectancy is very short, less than 6 years. Traffic control is essential for reinstallation and data collection is interrupted during the failure period. The lifespan will increase if the sensor installation depth is increased. In this study, the sensor signal output was analyzed with a variable depth of sensor installation to verify the possibility of deeper installation. Furthermore, various parameters, such as the weight and speed, were analyzed. The wheel load is applied using APT. As a result, the MSI BL sensor output signal is higher than 100mV when installed at 3cm, which is reliable. If the location of the sensor is deeper in the pavement, the expected lifetime of the sensor is also increased. On the other hand, the MSI cable was found to be less than 100mV at the shallowest depth of 1cm, making it impossible for field applications.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2011

Background: Disparities of Minor H antigens can induce graft rejection after MHC-matched transplantation. H60 has been characterized as a dominant antigen expressed on hematopoietic cells and considered to be an ideal model antigen for study on graft-versus-leukemia effect. Methods: Splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice immunized with H60 congenic splenocytes were used for establishment of H60-specific CTL clones. Then the clones were characterized for proliferation capacity and cytotoxicity after stimulation with H60. Clone #14, #15, and #23 were tested for the TCR binding avidity to H60-peptide/$H-2K^b$ and analyzed for TCR sequences. Results: H60-specific CTL clones showed different levels of proliferation capacity and cytotoxic activity to H60-stimulation. Clones #14, #15, and #23 showed high proliferation activity, high cytotoxicity, and low activities on both aspects, respectively, and have TCRs with different binding avidities to H60-peptide/$H-2K^b$ with $t_{1/2}$ values of 4.87, 6.92, and 13.03 minutes, respectively. The TCR usages were $V{\alpha}12D-3-01+J{\alpha}11-01$ and $V{\beta}12-1-01+D{\beta}1-01+J2-7-01$ for clone #14, $V{\alpha}13D-1-02+J{\alpha}34-02$ and $V{\beta}13-1-02+D{\beta}2-01+J{\beta}2-7-01$ for clone #15, and $V{\alpha}16D+J{\alpha}45-01$ and $V{\beta}12-1-01+D{\beta}1-01+J{\beta}2-5-01$ for clone #23. Conclusion: The results will be useful for modeling GVL and generation TCR transgenic mouse.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.41.1-41.16
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• 2022

The human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 has chemotactic and modulatory activities in various immune cells, including dendritic cells. Because of its characteristics, LL-37 can be considered an adjuvant for vaccine development. In this study, we confirmed the possible adjuvant activity of LL-37 in mucosal vaccine development against Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) by means of intranasal immunization in C57BL/6 and human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (hDPP4)-transgenic (hDPP4-Tg) mice. Intranasal immunization using the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of MERS-CoV spike protein (S-RBD) recombined with LL-37 (S-RBD-LL-37) induced an efficient mucosal IgA and systemic IgG response with virus-neutralizing activity, compared with S-RBD. Ag-specific CTL stimulation was also efficiently induced in the lungs of mice that had been intranasally immunized with S-RBD-LL-37, compared with S-RBD. Importantly, intranasal immunization of hDPP4-Tg mice with S-RBD-LL-37 led to reduced immune cell infiltration into the lungs after infection with MERS-CoV. Finally, intranasal immunization of hDPP4-Tg mice with S-RBD-LL-37 led to enhanced protective efficacy, with increased survival and reduced body weight loss after challenge infection with MERS-CoV. Collectively, these results suggest that S-RBD-LL-37 is an effective intranasal vaccine candidate molecule against MERS-CoV infection.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.136-151
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• 1984

The purpose of this study is to find out the linkage relationship of the resistance genes Wbph1 and Wbph2 which are known to be present in the rice cultivar N22 and ARC 10239 respectively, with the genetic markers which are identified as the specific linkage tester. Crosses were made between the resistant parents and the genetic marker stocks and their F$_2$ populations were grown out in the field. The genetic segregations of the marker character were studied and the seeds were harvested individual plant base. These F$_3$ seeds were grown into plant-line base in the greenhouse and their responses to the whitebacked planthopper were tested. Then the linkage relationship between the F$_2$ plant marker character and the F$_3$ resistance responses to the whitebacked planthopper were examined. In the F$_2$ generation of the crosses between the resistant parent N22 and the genetic marker stocks, the genetic markers, such as lg, d-t, g, la, bl and gl, showed the segregation of 3 dominance to 1 recessiveness, and the Bh marker segregated into 9:7 ratio. Another 4 marker genes, such as Cl, gh, Lh and bc, did not show the good fittness to the expected value. In the F$_2$ generation of the crosses between the resistant parent ARC 10239 and the genetic marker stocks, the genetic markers, such as Cl, lg, Pn, g, la, bl and gl, showed the segregation of 3 dominance to 1 recessiveness, and the Bh gene segregation fitted well to the 9:7. The rest 4 genetic markers, such as gh, Lh, nl and be, did not show the good fitness to the expected ratio. The resistance genes Wbphl of N22 and the Wbph2 of ARC 10239 appeared to be single dominant gene each. The Wbphl gene was linked with the marker gene, liguleless (lg) of linkage group II with the recombination value of 36.8%, and with the black hull (Bh) with the value of 35.9%. The Wbph2 gene appeared to be independent of all the markers tested here, such as Cl, lg, Pn, g, Lh, la, nl, bl, bc, gl, Bh, of linkage gtoup I, II, III, IV, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII respectively. That the Wbph2 linkage relations were not investigated was regarded as the causes that the tested marker genes on the chromosome were located with the resistance gene at the distant loci, and of the phenctypic properties of the marker characters. The Wbph2 linkage relations should be reexamined in the cross combinations of linkage group Ⅶ, Ⅷ, Ⅹ and XII including linkage group V which was not tested in this experiment.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.152-156
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• 1997

In this paper, I meritioned ,I study on thc rnechanochernic;~l effec ts of grountl iljckite To investigate the mechanochemical effects of ground tlickite 1,y planet,~r\- mill. a structul-ill i~nalvsis of dickite prepared with different grinding time has been made 11y X-ray diffraction and ilifierenti,~l tl~i.~-ni;~i analysis. 'l'he $SiO_{4}$ hecira was unchanged bl- milling and remained ;is the local ordering unit s t t - ~ c ~ u ~ - c ~ s in the ground dickitc samples I ) v analyzing the radial distribution function. On the other hand, with an increi~se of the grinding time a decrease of coordination number and atomic distance bet\vccn aluminum and oxygen hi1c.r l~een octurreil, and Li~~antitativcl\. coniirrned them This result corresponded to the local c,hange around aliimi~iuni I>V tliftercntii~l t1ii:rm;il ani~lysis. Therefore, the mechanochemical phenomina of ground tiickite werc3 h e to the local c~l~mge around aluminum \IT. the prolonged grinding.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.696-703
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• 2015

A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing microorganism was isolated from jeot-gal (anchovy), a Korean fermented seafood. The isolate, A156, produced GABA profusely when incubated in MRS broth with monosodium glutamate (3% (w/v)) at 37℃ for 48 h. A156 was identified as Lactobacillus sakei by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The GABA conversion yield was 86% as determined by GABase enzyme assay. The gadB gene encoding glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) was cloned by PCR. gadC encoding a glutamate/GABA antiporter was located immediately upstream of gadB. The operon structure of gadCB was confirmed by RT-PCR. gadB was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and recombinant GAD was purified. The purified GAD was 54.4 kDa in size by SDS-PAGE. Maximum GAD activity was observed at pH 5.0 and 55℃ and the activity was dependent on pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. The K_m and V_max of GAD were 0.045 mM and 0.011 mM/min, respectively, when glutamate was used as the substrate.