• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.527-533
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• 2019

The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of three types of Chestnut Meals (CM) on chemical composition and rumen fermentation characteristics of the fermented diet. The inoculants consisted of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis, and Sacaromyces cerevisiae and were applied to three different types of CM; Whole Chestnut (WC), endodermis (EN), and kernel (KE). All types of CMs were ensiled at $39^{\circ}C$ for 0, 1, 2, 4, or 6 days. After ensiling, the fermented CMs were sub-sampled for laboratory assays. On day six of fermentation, counts of the lactic acid-producing Bacillus subtilis, and yeast were higher (P<0.05) in WC than in the other CM types. On day four, KE had higher (P<0.05) crude protein content but lower (P<0.05) neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents than the other treatments. In terms of rumen digestibility, KE had the highest (P<0.05) in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD), total volatile fatty acid (VFA), propionate, butyrate concentrations, and total gas volume, as well as the lowest (P<0.05) acetate concentration. On the other hand, EN had the highest (P<0.05) pH and ammonia-N concentration in the rumen. In the rumen, even though WC application produced the highest microbial count and fermentation characteristics, it did not have a beneficial effect on rumen digestibility. Therefore, this study concluded that application of KE could be recommended due to the observed improvements in IVDMD and IVNDFD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.342-350
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• 2020

This study examined the methods used in household doenjang (Korean soybean paste) production. Nine hundred forty-three responses were obtained using a nationwide, questionnaire-based survey (2018-2019) with non-probabilistic snowballing sampling. Consistent with previous studies, the respondents were primarily over the age of 50 years (97.1%) and female (97.9%). In addition to soybeans, the most used ingredients were red pepper (85.8%) and charcoal (85.5%), which most respondents obtained through direct farming (50.4-59.9%). Seasonal production occurred later in the higher latitude regions (Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do, Chungcheong-do) (p < 0.01), which have lower average temperatures, and the fermentation period was shorter in the lower latitude regions (Jeolla-do, Gyeongsang-do, Jeju-do) (p < 0.01), which have higher average temperatures. There were no significant regional differences in the season when doenjang was made, with most production occurring during January and February (81.1%). Most respondents (71.3%) made doenjang using homemade meju (soybean block used as a starter) in a traditional way to allow the microorganisms to be naturally inoculated. These results could be used as a basis for future research on topics such as starter development, standardized production, and safety of household doenjang.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.9
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• pp.1239-1244
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• 2014

In this study, two fiber-optic sensors were fabricated to measure water level and temperature using optical fibers, a coupler, a Lophine and an OTDR (optical time-domain reflectometer). First, using Fresnel's reflection generated at the distal-ends of each optical fiber, which was installed at different depth, we measured the water level according to the variation of water level. Next, we also measured the temperature of water using a temperature sensing probe based on the Lophine, whose absorbance changes with the temperature. The measurable temperature range of the fiber-optic sensor is from $5^{\circ}C$ to $65^{\circ}C$ because the maximum operation temperature of the optical fiber without a physical deterioration is up to $80^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.313-315
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• 2014

A 13-month old, intact female, miniature Schnauzer dog was presented with history of dermatitis, pruritus and pain of ear pinnae with delayed puberty. The basal serum growth hormone level was 0.01 ng/ml, which was much lower than the reference range (1.80-2.00 ng/ml). On the xylazine stimulation test, the dog was no responsive to administration of xylazine. The dog was diagnosed as isolated type pituitary dwarfism. Treatment was aimed to improve alopecia with oral melatonin. After initiation of treatment, alopecia of the ear pinnae has been improved.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.217-223
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• 2016

Porphyromonas gingivalis, a foremost periodontal pathogen, has been known to cause periodontal diseases. Epidemiologic evidences have indicated the involvement of P. gingivalis in the development of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we show that the P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide increases the mRNA expression and protein secretion of interleukin-6 in vascular smooth muscle cells. We demonstrate that P. gingivalis LPS activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt, which mediate the IL-6 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Also, P. gingivalis LPS stimulates the vascular smooth muscle cell migration, which is a critical step for the progression of atherosclerosis. Moreover, neutralization of the IL-6 function inhibits the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by P. gingivalis LPS. Taken together, these results indicate that P. gingivalis LPS promotes the expression of IL-6, which in turn increases the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.281-285
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• 2015

Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) represents a good therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases as well as invasion of microorganism. The methanol extract of a aerial part of Chelidonium majus L. showed high activity against the neutrophil elastase with an $IC_{50}$ value of $100{\mu}g/mL$. Due to its potency, subsequent bioactivity-guided fractionation of methanol extract led to six alkaloids (1-6), which were identified as dihydrosanguinarine (1), (s)-stylopine (2), arnottianamide (3), (+)-chelidonine (4), spallidamine (5), and N-trans-feruloyltyramine (6). Among of them, three alkaloids (2, 5, and 6) inhibited HNE in a dose-dependent manner with $IC_{50}$ ranging between 11.6 and $51.0{\mu}M$. Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plots, and their secondary replots showed that alkaloids (2, 5, and 6) were mixed inhibitors of HNE. The analysis of $K_I$ and $K_{IS}$ value proved that all inhibitors (2, 5, and 6) had reversible mixed type I mechanism.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.55 no.7
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• pp.457-466
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• 2017

In the case of failed fixed implant prosthesis accompanied by abutment screw fracture, fractured screw fragment must be removed to use the existing implant fixtures. A 61-year-old male patient, who had a failed maxillary fixed implant prosthesis accompanied by three abutment screw fracture, hoped to reconstruct the maxillary implant prosthesis, while maintaining the existing implant fixtures. To use the existing implant fixtures, fractured screw fragments were removed. A maxillary implant overdenture using available existing implants was planned. Bar-attachment with Locator was used for implant splinting, denture stability, and retention. Final impression was taken after treatment of peri-implantitis. Jaw relation registration was taken to evaluate available interarch space for bar-attachment. After fabricating bar-attachment, centric relation was taken. Implant overdenture using bar-attachment with Locator was delivered after wax-denture evaluation. This case report showed that a satisfactory clinical result was achieved by implant overdenture using existing implant fixtures in a maxillary edentulous patient.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2017

HemoHIM, herbal preparation has designed for immune system recovery. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of HemoHIM on cigarette smoke (CS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mouse model. To induce COPD, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to CS for 1 h per day (eight cigarettes per day) for 4 weeks and intranasally received LPS on day 26. HemoHIM was administrated to mice at a dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg 1h before CS exposure. HemoHIM reduced the inflammatory cell count and levels of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-$1{\beta}$ in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) induced by CS+LPS exposure. HemoHIM decreased the inflammatory cell infiltration in the airway and inhibited the expression of iNOS and MMP-9 and phosphorylation of Erk in lung tissue exposed to CS+LPS. In summary, our results indicate that HemoHIM inhibited a reduction in the lung inflammatory response on CS and LPS induced lung inflammation via the Erk pathway. Therefore, we suggest that HemoHIM has the potential to treat pulmonary inflammatory disease such as COPD.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.125-138
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• 2016

To assess the industrial possibility of mixed-extracts containing Hovenia dulcis Thunberg and 12 different botanical ingredients, a protective effect was confirmed in the chronic ethanol-induced the liver, brain, and blood injury in mouse. Blood glucose levels of the normal control group(NG) and ethanol administration group(EG) were respectively 119.43mg/dL and 305.25mg/dL, and the mixed-extracts administration group(100, 200mg/kg body weight + 25% ethanol 5g/kg body weight respectively; ME100 & ME200) were decreased to 272.76mg/dL and 234.60mg/dL. Blood ethanol contents were decreased in ME100 and ME200(3.85mg/dL, 3.08mg/dL) compared to EG(4.08mg/dL), and blood acetaldehyde contents were also decreased in ME(15.76mg/dL, 15.16mg/dL) compared to EG(18.72mg/dL). The contents of hepatotoxic indicators such as glutamine pyruvic transaminase(GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), nephrotoxic indicators such as blood urea nitrogen(BUN), and creatine(CRE), and total cholestero(TCHO), and triglyceride(TG) in mouse blood serum were significantly decreased in the ME compared to EG. The acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity of ME(109.00% and 108.47%, respectively) in mouse brain tissues was decreased in ME compared to EG(116.10%). Finally, ME was remarkable in vivo antioxidant activities in the mouse liver and brain tissues by superoxide dismutase(SOD), oxidized glutathione(GSH)/total GSH ratio and the malondialdehyde (MDA) assay. Therefore, the mixed-extracts was considered to be effective a high value food with protective effect against chronic ethanol traetment-induced cytotoxicity in liver and brain tissues.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1817-1823
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• 2016

Areca nut (AN) chewing is a habit in many countries in Central, Southern, and Southeast Asia. It is strongly associated with the occurrence of oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal cancer as well as systemic inflammation. However, the association between AN intake and the development of gastric lesions has not yet been identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of AN on gastric diseases using a mouse model for Helicobacter pylori infection. We studied four groups of mice: those fed a normal diet (ND), those fed a diet containing 2.5% AN (AD), those fed ND and infected with H. pylori PMSS1 strain (ND/HP), and those fed AD and infected with H. pylori PMSS1 strain (AD/HP). Food intake and body weight were monitored weekly during the experiments. At 10 weeks, the mice were sacrificed, and the stomach weight, H. pylori colonization, and gastric inflammation were evaluated. The stomach weight had increased significantly in the ND/HP and AD/HP groups along with increases in H. pylori colonization; however, there was no significant difference between these two groups with respect to stomach weight and colonization. On histological grading, mononuclear cell infiltration was severer in the AD/HP group than in the ND/HP group. These data suggest that chronic gastric inflammation was aggravated by AN treatment in the mice with H. pylori-induced gastric lesions. Furthermore, as previously suggested, this animal model is useful to determine the effect of potential carcinogens on gastric lesions induced by H. pylori infection.