• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.114-121
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate 253 kinds of pesticide residues in 58 commercial dried agricultural products in Seoul. The determinations of the pesticide residues were performed using multiresidue methods and were carried out by a gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorus detector (GC-NPD), an electron capture detector ($GC-{\mu}ECD$), a mass spectrometry detector (GC-MSD) and high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV), and a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). The pesticide residue detection rate in the commercial dried agricultural products was 24.1% (14 of 58 samples). Twelve pesticide residues without maximum residue limits (MRLs) were detected. In the vegetable groups, the frequency of pesticide residues was found to be in the increasing order of dried fruiting vegetables > dried leafy vegetables > dried stalk and stem vegetables. The pesticides used on dried red pepper in the dried fruiting vegetables were varied (7 kinds) and numerous (4 of 8 samples). The pesticide types detected in the commercial dried agricultural products were in the order of pyrethroid > organochloride > organophosphorus and insecticide > fungicide > herbicide ${\cdot}$ nematicide. The primary pyrethroid pesticide detected was cypermethrin. According to the producing areas of products, large numbers of pesticide residues were found in the order of Korea, China, North Korea, USA, and Vietnam.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.56 no.10
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• pp.439-445
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• 2013

Purpose: Previous studies suggest that the concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in cord blood may show an inverse association with respiratory tract infections (RTI) during childhood. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of 25(OH)D concentrations in cord blood on infant RTI in a Korean birth cohort. Methods: The levels of 25(OH)D in cord blood obtained from 525 Korean newborns in the prospective COhort for Childhood Origin of Asthma and allergic diseases were examined. The primary outcome variable of interest was the prevalence of RTI at 6-month follow-up, as diagnosed by pediatricians and pediatric allergy and pulmonology specialists. RTI included acute nasopharyngitis, rhinosinusitis, otitis media, croup, tracheobronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. Results: The median concentration of 25(OH)D in cord blood was 32.0 nmol/L (interquartile range, 21.4 to 53.2). One hundred and eighty neonates (34.3%) showed 25(OH)D concentrations less than 25.0 nmol/L, 292 (55.6%) showed 25(OH)D concentrations of 25.0-74.9 nmol/L, and 53 (10.1%) showed concentrations of ${\geq}75.0$ nmol/L. Adjusting for the season of birth, multivitamin intake during pregnancy, and exposure to passive smoking during pregnancy, 25(OH)D concentrations showed an inverse association with the risk of acquiring acute nasopharyngitis by 6 months of age (P for trend=0.0004). Conclusion: The results show that 89.9% of healthy newborns in Korea are born with vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency (55.6% and 34.3%, respectively). Cord blood vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in healthy neonates is associated with an increased risk of acute nasopharyngitis by 6 months of age. More time spent outdoors and more intensified vitamin D supplementation for pregnant women may be needed to prevent the onset of acute nasopharyngitis in infants.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.383-390
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• 2008

Purpose : This study was aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with acute interstitial pneumonia who had presented similar clinical patterns from March to June, 2006 and to describe our experience of treatment and to identify risk factors associated with prognosis. Methods : The clinical characteristics, radiologic and histopathologic findings and response to steroids of 15 patients (non-survival group [n=7] and survival group [control, n=8]) with acute interstitial pneumonia were investigated through the review of medical records. Results : The mean age of the patients was 26 (range: 3-48) months. Cough, cyanosis and fever were frequent symptoms. The most frequent radiologic findings on admission were pneumomediastium and extensive ground glass opacity. Surgical lung biopsy was performed on 8/15 (53.3%) patients and diffuse alveolar damage was found. Mechanical ventilation was applied for 9/15 (60.0%) patients for 40 (range: 1-99) days. Five patients in survival group received steroid treatment and 7 patients in non-survivial group (P=0.20). One patient in survival group received steroid pulse treatment and 4 patients in non-survival group (P=0.12). Seven patients died all of respiratory failure. The survival rate was 53.4%. Conclusion : The patients with acute interstitial pneumonia which occurred on spring 2006 showed high mortality because of rapidly and extensively progressing pulmonary fibrosis and air leakage. Therefore, we should consider surgical lung biopsy and steroid application earlier. We should recognize this acute interstitial pneumonia occurring on spring in domestics and need to investigate the cause and treatment in large scale.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2010

Purpose : Although eosinophilia is a common laboratory finding in many neonatal intensive care units (ICUs), its causative mechanisms remain obscure. We aimed to determine the causes of eosinophilia in the neonatal ICU environment. Methods : Serial eosinophil counts were determined weekly for 288 hospitalized, appropriately grown neonates. Infants were divided into four groups according to gestational age, and the incidence and etiologic factors of eosinophilia were retrospectively studied. Results : Absolute eosinophilia (>$700/mm^3$) was documented in 18% (52/288) of neonates. Twenty-two infants (42.3%) exhibited mild eosinophilia ($700-999cells/mm^3$), 27 (51.9%) exhibited moderate eosinophilia ($1,000-2,999cells/mm^3$), and 3 (5.8%) exhibited severe eosinophilia (>$3,000cells/mm^3$). Of the 288 infants studied, 54 suffered sepsis. Thirty of these 54 infants (55.6%) showed eosinophilia, and 22 out of the remaining 234 infants (9%) without sepsis showed eosinophilia, indicating that eosinophilia was more prevalent in the sepsis group (P <0.05). All 5 infants suffering from bronchopulmonary dysplasia showed eosinophilia, and 47 out of the remaining 283 infants (16.7%) without bronchopulmonary dysplasia showed eosinophilia. Thus, eosinophilia was more prevalent in the bronchopulmonary dysplasia group (P<0.05). Furthermore, increased prevalence of eosinophilia was associated with respiratory distress syndrome, ventilator use, blood transfusion, and total parenteral nutrition (P<0.05). Conclusion : Our results suggest that eosinophilia is influenced by sepsis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, although it can also occur idiopathically at birth. Moreover, the potential role of eosinophils in conditions such as wound healing and fibrosis in sepsis or chronic lung disease may be a cause of eosinophilia.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5839-5843
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• 2014

Objective: The Zhejiang Provincial Cancer Prevention and Control Office collected cancer registration data during 2000 to 2009 from 6 cancer registries in Zhejiang province of China in order to analyze the cancer incidence. Methods: Descriptive analysis included cancer incidence stratified by sex, age and cancer site group. The proportions and cumulative rates of 10 common cancers in different groups were also calculated. Chinese population census in 1982 and Segi's population were used for calculating age-standardized incidence rates. The log-linear model was used for fitting to calculate the incidence trends. Results: The 6 cancer registries in Zhejiang province in China covered a total of 60,087,888 person-years during 2000 to 2009 (males 30,445,904, females 29,641,984). The total number of new cancer cases were 163,104 (males 92,982, females 70,122). The morphology verified cases accounted for 69.7%, and the new cases verified only by information from death certification accounted for 1.23%. The crude incidence rate in Zhejiang cancer registration areas was $271.5/10^5$ during 2000 to 2009 (male $305.41/10^5$, female $236.58/10^5$), age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population (ASIRC) and by world standard population (ASIRW) were $147.1/10^5$ and $188.2/10^5$, the cumulative incidence rate (aged from 0 to 74) being 21.7%. The crude incidence rate was $209.6/10^5$ in 2000, and it increased to $320.20/10^5$ in 2009 (52.8%), with an annual percent change (APC) of 4.51% (95% confidence interval, 3.25%-5.79%). Age-specific incidence rate of 80-84 age group was achieved at the highest point of the incidence curve. Overall with different age groups, the cancer incidences differed, the incidence of liver cancer being highest in 15-44 age group in males; the incidence of breast cancer was the highest in 15-64 age group in females; the incidences of lung cancer were the highest in both males and females over the age of 65 years. Conclusions: Lung cancer, digestive system malignancies and breast cancer are the most common cancers in Zhejiang province in China requiring an especial focus. The incidences of thyroid cancer, prostate cancer, cervical cancer and lymphoma have increased rapidly. Prevention and control measures should be implemented for these cancers.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.47-68
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• 1970

Experiments were conducted by moderate season culture of each of 7 early, medium and late maturing varieties which were considered to be of strong salt tolerance in non-salty, low- and high-salty reclaimed areas (salt content: 0.5% and 1% at the end of April). The results of the experiments revealed that the early maturing varieties were suffered greatly from salt damage in such reclaimed salty area which is the "fall better type" in the year-round changes of soil salt concentration in Korea. Better yielding varieties in the salty area showed generally a high yield ratio in the salty area compared with the non-salty area. This indicates that they are strong salt tolerant varieties. It seemed that the salt tolerance could be measured by the number of delaying days in heading, the growth rate of culm length, number of panicles and number of grains per panicle in the salty area to compare with the non-salty area. The effects or salt damage on the yields of each variety at maturing stage and agronomic characteristics in the salty area were compared and discussed with the non-salty area.alty area.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.159-175
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• 2015

Surveys of weed species on upland fields were conducted in Korea to investigate the occurrence of weed flora from April to May 2014 for winter crop fields and from July to August 2014 for summer crop fields. From the nation-wide survey, 375 weed species in 50 families were identified and classified to 162 annuals, 78 biennials and 135 perennials. Based on the occurrence ratio, the most weed species belonged to Compositae (73 species). 44 and 25 weed species belonged to Poaceae and Polygonaceae, respectively, and these 183 weed species in the most five families accounted for 49% of total weed occurrence. While 287 weed species in 45 families occurred in the winter crop fields, 339 weed species in 47 families occurred in summer crop fields. The most dominant weed species in Korean upland fields were Digitaria ciliaris, followed by Portulaca oleracea, Acalypha australis, Chenopodium album, Rorippa palustris etc. 129 weed species in 25 families were considered as exotic weeds. Based on the importance analysis, the highest value was C. album followed by Amaranthus lividus, Conyza canadensis etc. This information could be useful for estimation of future weed occurrence, weed population dynamics and establishment of weed control methods in upland fields of Korea.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.597-603
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• 2001

Background: The purpose of writing this article is to get better clinical results and further clinical improvement based on subject to 110 cases of cardiac surgery which were performed and clinically analyzed. Material and Method: Since January 1995, the patent ductus arteriosus surgery had started in our hospital. In February 1999, an open heart surgery had started and up to September 2000, total of 110 cases were performed as of double ligation of patent ductus arteriosus(10 cases) and open heart surgery(100 cases). Result: Among the patients, Korean-Chines was 74(67.3%) and Han-Chinese was 35(31.8%). Congenital heart disease was 95 cases and acquired valvular heart disease was 15 cases. 83 cases of acyanotic congenital heart disease consisted of ventricular septal defect(VSD) with associated anomaly(45 cases), atrial septal defect(ASD) with associated anomaly(20 cases), patent ductus arteriosus(PDA) with associated anomaly(11 cases), cogenital aortic stenosis(5 cases), double chamber right ventrical(1 case) and Ebstein's anomaly(1 case). Among the 12 cases of cyanotic congenital heart disease, 11 cases of tetralogy of Fallot underwent total correction. Among the 15 cases of acquired valvular heart disease, valvular replacement(7 cases), double valve replacement (3 cases), mitral valve replacement(3 cases) and aortic valve replacement(1 case) were performed. And 8 cases of valvuloplasty were performed by using of commissurotomy, chordal plasty, plasty of papillary muscle, ring type annuloplasty, repair of leaflet. Conclusion: on cogenital heart disease, short term results of surgery for acyanotic cogenital heart disease was good. Among the cyanotic congenital heart disease, tetralogy of Fallot showed a little difference of recovery according to the surgery method so that further follow up observation was needed for long term result. On acquired valvular heart disease, especially, in terms of short term result of valvuloplasty, was relatively good, but further follow up observation was also needed for long term result. There wasn's any operative mortality.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.911-920
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• 2009

Virtual water is defined as the volume of water required to produce a commodity or service. The degree of food self-sufficiency is currently about 27 % in South Korea, so that Korea is one of the largest net virtual water import countries for agricultural product, thus it is necessary to estimate suitable virtual water for South Korea. The objective of this paper is to quantify the agricultural virtual water use (AWU) and virtual water content (VWC) using the method suggested by Chapagain and Hoekstra during the period 1991-2007. To calculate the virtual water content, 44 different crop production quantity and harvested area data were collected for 17 years and FAO Penman-Monteith equation was adapted for computing crop consumptive use of water. As the results, AWU has been estimated at 15.1 billion $m^3$ in average showing a tendency to decrease. Rice has the largest share in the AWU, consuming about 10.1 billion $m^3$/yr which is about 75 % of gross AWU, and the VWC is 1600.1 $m^3$/ton for paddy rice. The largest VWCs of crops are oilseed and tuber crop, and the smallest are leaf and root vegetables. The primary crop production VWC can be used for calculating the VWC of various secondary products using the contribution ratio, therefore the results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for national agricultural water footprint.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of limited vastus lateralis release for treatment of painful bipartite patella. Materials and Methods: From Jan. 1995 to Jun. 2002, we performed limited lateral retinacular release in 14 patients(16 cases) for treatment of painful bipartite patella. All patients were men and mean age was 22.3 years old. The opeative techique was that insertion of the vastus lateralis to the painful patellar fragment is detached subperiosteally. We evaluated the clinical results by degree of pain and level of activity. Also we analyzed the radiologic findings by measuring fragment tilting angle and gap between fragments. The mean follow up period was 14 months. Results: At final follow up, all of the patients showed pain relief and can be returned to more than recreational sports activity after the operation. On radiologic findings, fragment tilting angle and gap between fragments were reduced at statistically significant level. Conclusion: The limited lateral retinacular release for treatment of painful bipartite patella is one of good methods which is less invasive and shows good results in clinical and radiologic findings.