• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2006

From experiment results on pharmacetical characteristics and analysis of Glycyrrhizin extract, some conclusions are obtained as follows. From results on extract experiment of Glycyrrhizin, it appeared about 8%-extraction ratio as semi-solid state, and after dried in freezing from Glycyrrhizin extract of semi-solid state, it obtained about 70%-Glycyrrhizin extract as solid state of yellow gold color. From results on antimicrobial experiment of Glycyrrhizin extract, number of S-typhimurium and Fungus in microbe decreased more and more according to time passage. This phenomenon shows that Glycyrrhizin extract keeps antimicrobial effect. From results on antioxidation experiment of Glycyrrhizin extract, DPPH scavenging activity of free radical shows that Glycyrrhizin extract appears more remarkable reduction ability than reference samples. This phenomenon means that antioxidation of Glycyrrhizin extract appears higher than Vitamin-C and BHA. From results on instrument analysis, the fatty and aromatic components of 2-pentanone, cyclohexasiloxane, tetrasiloxane, benzoquinoline-2-carboxylic acid etcs from Glycyrrhizin extract was detected with GC/MS and inorganic components of Ca, Mg, Ti, Zn, Fe etcs from Glycyrrhizin extract was detected with ICP/OES.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2006

Puerarin and daidzin have been isolated from Puerariae thunbergiana Benth. Structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. Compounds showed weak antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, S. epidermidis, S. aureus, and C. albicans (MIC, $800{\mu}g/ml$). However, these compounds were not antioxidative. Puerariae thunbergiana Benth. extracts against microorganisms were evaluated in terms of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). In general, C. albicans was stronger antimicrobial activity than the other microorganisms. The antioxidative activity of was observed in the etyl acetate extract ($IC_{50},\;119.87{\pm}0.16\;{\mu}g/ml$). The DPPH radical scavenging effect ($IC_{50},\;1,673.3{\pm}0.54\;{\mu}M$) of the puerarin was comparable with that of synthetic antioxidant, BHA $(IC_{50},\;88.39{\pm}1.1){\times}10^{3}{\mu}M$. These results suggest that puerarin and daidzin have a potential antimicrobial activity.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.121-135
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• 1999

Effective synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT) have been widely used in the food industry, but they are suspected to be toxic and carcinogenic effects. Therefore, the development of safely available natural antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, ${\beta}$-carotene, flavonoids and selenium is essential. In particular, flavonoids, 2-phenyl-benzo-${\alpha}$-pyrones, are polyphenolic compounds that occur ubiquitously in food of plant origin. flavonoids occur in foods generally as O-glycosides with sugars bound usually at the C\ulcorner position. And variations in their heterocyclic ring gibes rise to flavones, flavonols, flavanones, flavanols, catechins, anthocyanidins, chalcone and isoflavones. Vegetables, fruits, and beverages are the main dietary sources of the flavonols, primarily as quercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin and the corresponding flavones, apigenin and luteolin. These flavonoids have biological activity such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, antimutagenic, anticarcimogenic antiallergic and antimicrobial activity effects in vitro and in vivo. Flavonoids posses strong antioxidant activities acting as oxygen radicals scavenger, metal chelators and enzyme inhibitor. The antioxidant activity of flavonoids is determined by their molecular structure and more specially, by the position and degree of hydroxylation of the ring structure. All flavonoids with the 3`, 4`-dihydroxy(ortho-dihydroxy) posses marked antioxidant activity. And antioxidant activity increases with the number of hydroxyl groups substituted on the A-and B-rings. There is as yet no certainty about the effect of the presence of a double bond between C\ulcorner and C\ulcorner on the antioxidant activity of flavonoids.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 2011

To study the effects of ethanol extract of the Rhodiola Sachalinensis on the anti-oxidation and blood pressure and skeletal muscles contractility in rats. The ethanol extracts and fractions of Rhodiola Sachalinensis were determinated the anti-oxidation effects by DPPH(1,1-dipenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method and comparing with the BHA (Butylated hydroxyanisole) and AA(Ascorbic acid). The gastrocnemius and soleus muscle contractility were observed by stimulating the sciatic nerve with electricity after affusing stomach with ethanol extract of the 200 mg/kg dosage of Rhodiola Sachalinensis for 4 weeks. The ethanol extract of the Rhodiola Sachalinensis could shorten latent period, increase maximal contractive extent and time and relaxative time at the twitch and complete tetanus of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. The ethanol extract of the Rhodiola Sachalinensis shows high anti-oxidation effect and can enhance skeletal muscles contractility in rats.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.173-176
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• 2007

${\gamma}-Oryzanol$ is one of the chain breaking antioxidants. Both sterol (triterpene) and phenolic hydroxyl groups in the structure of ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ may be responsible for its antioxidative function. We hypothesize that ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ is more effective in preventing the autoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) than the synthetic phenolic compounds in an oil/water (O/W) emulsion system. The antioxidative effectiveness of different concentrations of ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ and synthetic antioxidants was evaluated at different incubation times (0, 4, 8, 16, and 32 h) by measuring both the formation of hydroperoxides and the decomposition product of hydroperoxides (hexanal) in each emulsion system. Overall, the order of effectiveness of various antioxidants for inhibiting the formation of hydroperoxide in the O/W emulsion was: ${\gamma}-oryzanol$> tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)> butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)> butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). O/W emulsion with selective lower concentrations of ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ showed better effectiveness than that with higher concentration of synthetic antioxidants. However, the ability of both ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ and synthetic antioxidants to decompose hydroperoxide was similar. ${\gamma}-Oryzanol$ was more effective antioxidant than the synthetic phenolic compounds in preventing the formation of hydroperoxide in the O/W emulsion system.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.7-13
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• 1987

A preliminary investigation was performed to evaluate the possibility of partially replacing palm oil and beef tallow by rapeseed oil for frying oils of instant Ramyon manufacturing. The AOM stability of rapeseed oil was inferior than of palm oil, but was comparable to that of beef tallow. When rapeseed oil was blended with palm oil or beef tallow, the AOM stability of the blended oil was improved. As far as AOM stability is concerned, best results were obtained with a blending ratio of 3 part of rapeseed oil to 7 part of palm oil and a ratio of 4 part of rapeseed oil to 6 part of beef tallow. These blended rapesee oils was retarded the formation of conjugated dienes and polymers during heating. The antioxidative effects on the stabilities of AOM and thermal in blended rapeseed oils showed that TBHQ was superior to tocopherols and a mixture of BHA and BHT was inferior.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.435-439
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• 2005

Antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract from boiled-water of Hizikia fusiformis (EBH) were compared with those of BHA, L-ascorbic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid and (-)-catechin. The free radical scavenging ability against DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), authentic peroxynitrite and reducing power were measured as indices of antioxidant activity. EBH showed the potent DPPH radical and peroxynitrite scavenging activities, showing 85.23 and 96.97% at final concentration of $1000{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The reducing power increased with the increasing amount of EBH (final concentration of 1, 10, 100 and $1000{\mu}g/ml$). Total phenolic content of EBH was 588 mg (-)-catechin/g at the final concentration $1000{\mu}g/ml$. Total phenolic contents correlated with DPPH radical scavenging activity $(R^2=0.766)$ and reducing power $(R^2=0.944)$. These results suggested that EBH could be a natural antioxidative source containing antioxidative components.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 2006

From the result of pharmacetical characteristics and analysis of Green-tea extract, it could obtain some conclusions as follows. The extract experiment of Green-tea appeared about 10%-extraction ratio as semi-solid state, and after dried in freezing from Green-tea extract of semi-solid state, it obtained about 65% Green-tea extract as solid state. In the results on antimicrobial experiment of Green-tea extract, number of S-typhimurium and fungus in microbe decreased more and more according to the time passage. This phenomenon could show that Green-tea extract keeps antimicrobial effect. In the results on antioxidation experiment of Green-tea extract, DPPH scavenging activity of free radical showed that Green-tea extract appears more remarkable reduction ability than reference samples. This phenomenon means that antioxidation of Green-tea extract appears higher than Vitamin-C and BHA sample. In the results on intrument analysis, the fatty and aromatic components of aniline, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, trichloroethylene, caffeine etcs from Green-tea extract was detected with GC/MS analysis and inorganic components of Ca, Mg, Cu, Mo, Sb, Ti etcs from Green-tea extract was detected with ICP/OES analysis.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.98-102
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative potential of Korean wild leaf vegetables. Antixoidative activity of chamchwi (Aster scaber), nurucchwi (Pleurospermum kamtschaticum) sumssukbujengee (Aster glheni), moshidae (Adenophora remotiflora), spinach (Spinacia oleracea)k was evaluated as a reference for commonly used synthetic antioxidant, BHA. We compared the content of $\beta$-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E as antioxidant vitamins, and total phenolic compound including flavonoid as non-vitamin compounds in Korean wild leaf vegetables and spinach. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value of Pleurospermum kamtschaticum, Aster scaber and Adenophora remotiflor was only 18-20% of control. TBA value of Aster glheni was 40% of control. On the basis of moles, the high level of vitamin C is the major contributor to the total antioxidant vitamin contents of Pleurospermum kamschaticum and Adenophora remotiflor. The amounts of flavonoid as well as total phenolic compound in Pleurospermum kamtschaticum and Adenophora remotiflor were also much higher than those of spinach. The amounts of flavonoid as well as total phenolic compound in Aster glheni were much higher than those of spinach while total amount of antioxidant vitamins was significantly lower than that of spinach. These results suggest that Pleurospermum kamtschaticum and Adenophora remotiflor could have antioxidative potency in food. Because of the higher content of antioxidant vitamins in Pleurospermum kamtschaticum and Adenophora remotiflor, these Korean wild leaf vegetables may have preventive effects on degenerative diseases, which have been associated with free radical mediated events.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.185-189
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the structure of antioxidative constituents and the free radical scavenging effect of the main ingredients from Galla Rhois(Rhus javanica Linne). Antioxidative activities of n-hexane, EtOAc and BuOH extracts of Galla Rhois were similar or even higher than that of natural (tocopherol) or synthetic antioxidant (BHA). It is suggested that major fractions for the antioxidative activity of Galla Rhois were the n-hexane, EtOAc and BuOH extract compartments. In the subsequently experiment, one active compound from n-hexane extract, three active compounds from EtOAc extract and one active compound from BuOH extract were isolated. Their chemical structures were identified as syringic acid, protocatechuic acid, gallic acid methylester, gallic acid and $1,2,3,4,6- penta-O-galloyl-{\beta}-D-glucose$ on the basis of the speculation of spectral data and chemical reaction. Among the compounds, protocatechuic acid, gallic acid methylester and $1,2,3,4,6- penta-O-galloyl-{\beta}-D-glucose$ showed most potent radical scavenging effect using DPPH method.