• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1994

To investigate serum neutralizing antibodies against Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) virus, Akabane virus and Ibaraki virus in southern area of Chungnam province, Holstein sera were collected from April-May(269 heads /37 farms) and October-November (226 heads /35 farms), 1993. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. Bovine ephemeral fever.-antibody positive rates to BEF virus were 46.1% (124 heads /269 Holstein) in April-May and 53.9%(122 heads /226 Holstein) in October-November. 2. Akabane disease.-antibody positive rates to Akabne virus were 34.2％(92 heads /269 holstein) in April-May and 51.3%(116 heads /226 Holstein) in October-Novermber. 3. Ibaraki disease.-antibody positive rates to Ibaraki virus were 57.6%(155 heads /269 Holstein) in April -May and 38.5%(87 heads /226 Holstein) in October-November.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.501-510
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• 2002

상자형의 중간격벽은 상자형의 단면변형을 구속하고 상부플랜지에서 발생되는 하중을 양측의 웨브에 분포시키는 역할을 한다. 그러나 상자형의 내부공간이 중간격벽으로 차단될 경우 내부공간을 활용할 수 없으며 유지관리에 많은 어려움을 격게 된다. 상자형의 격벽이 개구부를 갖는 경우 개구부가 없는 경우에 비하여 어떠한 영향을 갖는지를 실험을 통하여 중간격벽의 강성으로 표현하고자 하였다

• 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.386-390
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• 2018

Congenital bronchoesophageal fistula (BEF) is rarely reported in adults in the English literature. Herein, we present a rare case of congenital BEF in a 43-year-old man that was incidentally found on esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Chest CT and barium esophagography revealed a fistula between his lower esophagus and the right lower lobe segmental bronchus. After the fistula was surgically treated, the fistula was no longer noted on follow-up barium esophagography.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.243-249
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• 2012

Biomass expansion factors, which convert timber volume (or dry weight) to biomass, are used for estimating the forest biomass and accounting for the carbon budget at a regional or national scale. We estimated the biomass conversion and expansion factors (BCEF), biomass expansion factors (BEF), root to shoot ratio (R), and ecosystem biomass expansion factor (EBEF) for Quercus mongolica Fisch. and Quercus variabilis Bl. forests based on publications in Korea. The mean BCEF, BEF, and R for Q. mongolica was 1.0383 Mg/$m^3$ (N = 27; standard deviation [SD], 0.5515), 1.3572 (N = 27; SD, 0.1355), and 0.2017 (N = 32; SD, 0.0447), respectively. The mean BCEF, BEF, and R for Q. variabilis was 0.7164 Mg/$m^3$ (N = 17; SD, 0.3232), 1.2464 (N = 17; SD, 0.0823), and 0.1660 (N = 8; SD, 0.0632), respectively. The mean EBEF, as a simple method for estimating the ground vegetation biomass, was 1.0216 (N = 7; SD, 0.0232) for Q. mongolica forest ecosystems, and 1.0496 (N = 8; SD, 0.0725) for Q. variabilis forest ecosystems. The biomass expansion factor values in this study may be better estimates of forest biomass in Q. mongolica or Q. variabilis forests of Korea compared with the default values given by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권5호
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• pp.693-697
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• 2010

Biomass expansion factors that convert the timber volume (or dry weight) to biomass are used to estimate the forest biomass and account for the carbon budget on a national and regional scale. This study estimated the biomass conversion and expansion factors (BCEF), root to shoot ratio (R), biomass expansion factors (BEF) and ecosystem biomass expansion factor (EBEF) of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forests based on direct field surveys and publications in Korea. The mean BCEF, BEF, and R was 0.6438 Mg $m^{-3}$ (n = 7, SD = 0.1286), 1.6380 (n = 27, SD = 0.1830), and 0.2653 (n = 14, SD = 0.0698), respectively. The mean EBEF, which is a simple method for estimating the understory biomass in Korean pine forest ecosystems, was 1.0218 (n = 6, SD = 0.0090). The values of the biomass expansion factors in this study estimated the Korean pine forest biomass with more precision than the default values given by the IPCC (2003, 2006).

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 직선 강상자형 거더의 단면변형에 의한 변형 및 응력계산을 위한 Matlab 해석프로그램을 개발하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 단면변형이론을 요약하고 빔유사이론을 제시한다. 이후 탄성지반위의 보-기둥부재의 지배방정식을 제시하고, 일반화된 고유치해석을 통하여 집중 및 분포하중을 받는 보요소의 엄밀한 강성행렬을 계산한다. 본 연구의 효율성과 정확성을 입증하기 위하여 격벽을 갖는 상자형 거더의 뒤틀림응력을 계산하고 유한요소해와 비교한다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제11권1호통권38호
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• pp.13-22
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 처짐각법을 개선하여 강박스형교의 뒤틀림 거동을 분석할 수 있는 프로그램을 개발하였다. 박스거더의 뒤틀림 거동을 분석하는 대표적인 방법으로 BEF유사법과 EBEF법이 있으나, 전자는 등단면에 국한되고 경계조건에 따른 적분상수를 계산하기 위해 복잡한 삼각함수를 적용해야 하는 번거로움이 있다. 후자는 격벽의 강성을 무한으로 하여 연속보로 해석하는 근시적인 수치해석 방법이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 변단면과 격벽의 강성을 해석에 반영할 수 있는 방법을 개발하였다. 몇 가지 예제 해석을 통하여 본 연구에서 개발한 프로그램의 타당성을 검증하였고, 격벽의 강성에 따른 매개변수 연구를 수행하였다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.206-212
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• 2006

We have established in culture a spontaneously immortalized bovine embryonic fibroblast (BEF) cell line that has lost p53 and $p16^{INK4a}$ functions. MyoD is a muscle-specific regulator capable of inducing myogenesis in a number of cell types. When the BEF cells were transduced with MyoD they differentiated efficiently to desmin-positive myofibers in the presence of 2% horse serum and 1.7 nM insulin. The myogenic differentiation of this cell line was more rapid and obvious than that of C2C12 cells, as judged by morphological changes and expression of various muscle regulatory factors. To confirm that lack of the p53 and $p16^{INK4a}$ pathway does not prevent MyoD-mediated myogenesis, we established a cell line transformed with SV40LT (BEFV) and introduced MyoD into it. In the presence of 2% horse serum and 1.7 nM insulin, the MyoD-transduced BEFV cells differentiated like the MyoD-transduced BEFS cells, and displayed a similar pattern of expression of muscle regulatory proteins. Taken together, our results indicate that MyoD overexpression overcomes the defect in muscle differentiation associated with immortalization and cell transformation caused by the loss of p53 and Rb functions.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2014

This study was conducted to develop allometric equations and to determine the stem density and biomass expansion factor (BEF) for the estimation of the aboveground and belowground biomass of Cryptomeria japonica in Jeju Island, Korea. A total of 18 trees were harvested from the 40-year-old C. japonica stands in Hannam experimental forest, Jeju Island. The mean biomass of the C. japonica was $50.4Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in stem wood, $23.1Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in root, $9.6Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in branch, $4.6Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in needle and $4.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in stem bark. The diameter at breast height (DBH) was selected as independent variable for the development of allometric equations. To evaluate the performance of these equations, coefficient of determination ($R^2$) and root mean square error (RMSE) were used and results of the evaluation showed that $R^2$ ranged from 71% (root biomass equation) to 96% (aboveground biomass equation) and the RMSE ranged from 0.10 (aboveground biomass equation) to 0.33 (root biomass equation). The mean stem density of C. japonica was $0.37g\;cm^{-3}$ and the mean aboveground BEF was $1.28g\;g^{-1}$. Furthermore, the ratio of the root biomass to aboveground biomass was 0.32.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.515-524
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• 2006

강박스거더에 편심이 작용하면 단면은 뒤틀리고, 이로 인해서 종방향으로 뒤틀림 응력이 발생한다. 휨모멘트에 의한 휨응력 이외에뒤틀림으로 인한 추가되는 종방향 응력은 경우에 따라서는 무시할 수 없이 크기 때문에 설계단계에서 반드시 고려되어야 한다. 일반적으로 중간다이아프램을 설치하여 뒤틀림 변형 자체를 억제시켜 뒤틀림응력의 크기를 제안하는 방법을 이용하는데, 이때 휨응력에 비교하여 뒤틀림응력의 크기를 통상 5~10%정도로 제한한다. 현재 적용하는 중간다이아프램 설치간격에 대한 공식은 고전적인 BEF 이론을 바탕으로 유도되었는데, 이는지나치게 보수적인 설계를 유도하고있다. 이에 본 연구에서 강박스거더의 프레임형식 중간다이아프램에 대해 3차원 유한요소해석을 수행하여 분석한 결과, 현행 중간다이아프램 단면적 공식은 지나치게 큰 값을 요구하는 것으로 나타났다. 그래서 유한요소 해석결과를 회귀분석하여 설계 초기에 적용할 수 있는 개선된 프레임형식의 중간다이아프램 단면적 설계공식을 제안하였다.