• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.279-287
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• 2005

본 연구는 젖소에 있어서 분만후 난소 활동의 재개 및 분만후 40일째 BCS가 $PGE_2a+PGE_2a+CIDR$ (PPC) program 적용에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 2002년부터 2003년까지 2년간에 걸쳐 축산연구소 및 천안 소재 전문 경영체 젖소농 장에서 사육중인 홀스타인 착유우를 대상으로 분만 후 난소 활동의 재개를 조사하기 위한 착유우21두 및 분만후 40일째 BCS가 PPC program 적용에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위한 착유우 40두를 공시하여 수행한 결과 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 1 분만후 처음으로 유즙중의 progesterone농도가 1.0ng/mL 이상을 나타내는 비율은 10${\~}$30일이 $42.9\%$, 31${\~}$50일이 $19.1\%$였고 분만 후 50일까지 1.0ng/mL 이상을 나타내지 않은 경우가 $38.1\%$였다. 2. 분만후 40일째부터 PPC program을 투입한 결과 1차 및 2차 $PGF_2a$ 처리에 대한 발정반응은 각각 $47.5\%$ 및 $52.4\%$였고, $PGF_2a+PGF_2a$ (PP) program투입에 의해 40두중 30두($75\%$)가 발정 반응을 나타내었다. PP program 투입에 의해 발정 반응을 나타내지 않은 10두에 대한 CIDR 처리의 발정 반응은 $50\%$를 나타내었다. 분만후 40일째에 PPC program 을 적용한 결과 40두중 35두가 발정 반응 ($87.5\%$)을 나타내었다. 3. 1차 및 2차 $PGF_2a$ 처리에 따른 발정 반응은 BCS 2.50 이하의 경우 13두중 8두($61.5\%$), BCS 2.75${\~}$3.50의 경우 27두중 22두($81.5\%$)로 2.75${\~}$3.50의 경우가 2.50 이하의 경우에 비하여 높은 발정반응을 나타내었다. 4. 2차 $PGF_2a$ 처리후 발정 반응을 나타내지 않은 개체에 대하여 CIDR을 처리한 결과, BCS 2.50이하의 경우 5두중 2두에서 발정 반응($40.0\%$)을 나타내었고 BCS 2.75${\~}$3.50의 경우 5 두중 4두에서 발정 반응($80\%$)을 나타내었다. 5. 분만후 40일째부터 PPC program을 적용하여 발정 반응을 검토한 결과 BCS 2.50 이하의 경우 13두중 10두가 발정 반응($76.9\%$)을 나타내었고 BCS 2.75${\~}$3.5의 경우 27두중 26두가 발정 반응($96.3\%$)을 나타내어 2.75${\~}$3.5의 경우가 2.50 이하의 경우에 비하여 높은 발정반응을 나타내었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.360-368
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• 2015

The present study evaluated the effect of controlled ryegrass-white clover herbage availability from day 128 until day 142 of pregnancy in comparison to unrestricted availability, on the performance of twin-bearing ewes of varying body condition score (BCS; 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0) and their lambs. It was hypothesised that under conditions of controlled herbage availability, the performance of lambs born to ewes with a greater BCS would be greater than those born to ewes with a lower BCS. During the period that the nutritional regimens were imposed, the pre- and post-grazing herbage masses of the Control regimen ($1,070{\pm}69$ and $801{\pm}30$ kg dry matter [DM]/ha) were lower than the ad libitum regimen ($1,784{\pm}69$ and $1,333{\pm}33kg\;DM/ha$; p<0.05). The average herbage masses during lactation were $1,410{\pm}31kg\;DM/ha$. Nutritional regimen had no effect on ewe live weight, BCS and back fat depth or on lamb live weight, indices of colostrum uptake, maximal heat production, total litter weight weaned or survival to weaning (p>0.05). The difference in ewe BCSs and back fats observed among body condition groups was maintained throughout pregnancy (p<0.05). At weaning, ewes from the BCS2.0 group had lower BCS and live weight ($2.4{\pm}0.2$, $74.3{\pm}2.6kg$) than both the BCS2.5 ($2.6{\pm}0.2$, $78.6{\pm}2.4kg$) and BCS3.0 ewes ($2.7{\pm}0.2$, $79.0{\pm}2.6kg$; p<0.05), which did not differ (p>0.05). Ewe BCS group had no effect on lamb live weight at birth or weaning or on maximal heat production (p>0.05). Serum gamma glutamyl transferase concentrations of lambs born to BCS3.0 ewes were higher within 36 hours of birth than lambs born to BCS2.0 ewes and BCS2.5 ewes ($51.8{\pm}1.9$ vs $46.5{\pm}1.9$ and $45.6{\pm}1.9IU/mL$, respectively [p<0.05]). There was, however, no effect of ewe body condition on lamb plasma glucose concentration (p>0.05). Lamb survival was the only lamb parameter that showed an interaction between ewe nutritional regimen and ewe BCS whereby survival of lambs born to BCS2.5 and BCS3.0 ewes differed but only within the Control nutritional regimen ewes (p<0.05). These results indicate farmers can provide twin-bearing ewes with pre- and post-grazing ryegrass-white clover herbage covers of approximately 1,100 and 800 kg DM/ha in late pregnancy, provided that herbage covers are 1400 in lactation, without affecting lamb performance to weaning. The present results also indicate that under these grazing conditions, there is little difference in ewe performance within the BCS range of 2.0 to 3.0 and therefore they do not need to be managed separately.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1270-1277
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• 2017

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the impact of ewe body condition score (BCS) (over a range of 2.0 to 3.0) and nutritional treatments (consisting of differing herbage masses) during very late pregnancy and lactation and their potential interaction on the performance of twin-bearing ewes and their lambs to weaning. Methods: On day 142 of pregnancy, twin-bearing ewes with a BCS of 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0 were allocated to a "Moderate' or 'Unrestricted' nutritional treatment until day 95 of lactation (weaning). The nutritional treatments aimed to achieve average herbage masses of 1,200 to 1,300 kg dry matter (DM)/ha (Moderate) and 1,500 to 1,800 kg DM/ha (Unrestricted). Results: There were no three-way interactions between ewe BCS group, nutritional treatment and time for any ewe or lamb parameter. The nutritional treatments had no effect (p>0.05) on lamb birth or weaning weight. Lambs born to Moderate ewes had greater survival and total litter weight at weaning (p<0.05). Regardless of BCS group, Unrestricted treatment ewes had greater body condition and back-fat depth at weaning than Moderate treatment ewes (p<0.05). Ewes of BCS 2.0 group reared lighter lambs to weaning (p<0.05) and tended to have a lower total litter weight (p = 0.06) than BCS 3.0 group ewes. Conclusion: This study suggests farmers should aim to have all ewes with a BCS of 2.5 or 3 in late pregnancy for optimal lamb weaning performance. Furthermore, there is no benefit to lamb production of offering ewes pasture masses >1,200 kg DM/ha during very late pregnancy and lactation.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2010

This study was carried out to obtain the information on the antioxidant activity of Phyllanthus. We compared and analyzed three indigenous collections of Phyllanthus: species from Korea, Brazil and Paraguay. Total phenolic acid contents were $1.93{\pm}0.015$ mg/mL in KCS (Korean Collection Species), $1.65{\pm}0.003$ mg/mL in PCS (Paraguay Collection Species) and $1.49{\pm}0.003$ mg/mL in BCS(Brazil Collection Species). In both DPPH radical scavenging activities and SOD-liked activities, KCS was the highest ($67.25{\pm}0.03%,\;78.38{\pm}1.17%$). KCS were also the highest in hydroxyl radical scavenging activities ($95.80{\pm}0.17%$). It turned out that there was no meaningful difference between BCS ($81.64{\pm}0.23%$) and PCS ($81.54{\pm}0.04%$). As for hydrogen radical scavenging activities, there was no statistically meaningful difference between KCS ($36.44{\pm}0.24%$) and BCS ($36.31{\pm}0.33%$) and it was the lowest in PCS ($33.72{\pm}0.15%$). Our results showed that KCS excelled the others not only in antioxidant activity but also in other beneficial effects. This encouraging results may be potentially useful in developing Phyllanthus urinaria L. variety which contains lots of functional elements such as total phenolic acid.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.583-589
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• 2020

Background Reduction mammoplasty or mastopexy is performed as an additional balancing procedure in patients with large or ptotic breasts who undergo breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Radiation therapy on breasts that have undergone surgery may result in changes in the volume. This study presents a comparative analysis of patients who received post-BCS balancing procedures to determine whether volume changes were larger in breasts that received radiation therapy than on the contralateral side. Methods Thirty-six participants were selected among patients who received BCS using the inverted-T scar technique between September 2012 and July 2017, were followed up for 2 or more years, and had pre-radiation therapy computed tomography images and post-radiation therapy images taken between 12 and 18 months after completion. The average age of the participants was 53.5 years, their average body mass index was 26.62 kg/㎡. Results The pre- and post-radiation therapy volumes of the breasts receiving BCS were 666.08±147.48 mL and 649.33±130.35 mL, respectively. In the contralateral breasts, the volume before radiation therapy was 637.69±145.72 mL, which decreased to 628.14±166.41 mL after therapy. The volume ratio of the affected to the contralateral breasts was 1.05±0.10 before radiation therapy and 1.06±0.12 after radiation therapy. Conclusions The ratio of the volume between the two breasts immediately after surgery and at roughly 18 months postoperatively was not significantly different (P=0.98). For these reasons, we recommend a simultaneous single-stage balancing procedure as a reasonable option for patients who require radiation therapy after BCS without concerns regarding volume change.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2005

본 연구는 임상 조건하에서 수정란이식의 효율성 증대를 위하여 수란우 측면의 산차, 체점수(BCS), 발정 발현과 유도, 황체 형태, 자궁 크기 및 자궁각 위치가 체외수정란이 이식된 수란우의 임신과 유산에 미치는 효과를 검토하였다. 미경산우의 임신율$(43.5\%)$이 경산우$(33.6\%)$에 비하여 유의하게 높았으나, 유산율$(12.6\;vs.\;7.5\%)$은 유사한 경향이었다. BCS에 따른 임신율은 차이가 없었으나 유산율은 BCS 3.0 미만군$(55.6\%)$이 $3.0\~3.9$군 $(10.8\%)$에 비하여 유의하게 높았다. 수란우의 발정 발현과 유도 방법, 황체 형태, 자궁 크기 및 자궁각 위치에 따른 임신율과 유산율은 유사한 경향이었다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2002

We have measured the correlation functions of the optically selected clusters of galaxies in the Abell and the APM catalogs, and of the X-ray clusters in the X-ray-Brightest Abell-type Clusters of galaxies (XBACs) catalog and the Brightest Clusters Sample (BCS). The same analysis method and the same method of characterizing the resulting correlation functions are applied to all observational samples. We have found that the amplitude of the correlation function of the APM clusters is much higher than what has been previously claimed, in particular for richer subsamples. The correlation length of the APM clusters with the richness R $\ge$ 70 (as defined by the APM team) is found to be $r_0 = 25.4_{-3.0}^{+3.1}\;h^{-1}$ Mpc. The amplitude of correlation function is about 2.4 times higher than that of Croft et al. (1997). The correlation lengths of the Abell clusters with the richness class RC $\ge$ 0 and 1 are measured to be $r_0 = 17.4_{-1.1}^{+1.2}$ and $21.0_{-2.8}^{+2.8}\;h^{-1}$ Mpc, respectively, which is consistent with our results for the APM sample at the similar level of richness. The richness dependence of cluster correlations is found to be $r_0= 0.40d_c + 3.2$ where $d_c$ is the mean intercluster separation. This is identical in slope with the Bahcall & West (1992)'s estimate, but is inconsistent with the weak dependence of Croft et al. (1997). The X-ray bright Abell clusters in the XBACs catalog and the X-ray selected clusters in the BCS catalog show strong clustering. The correlation length of the XBACs clusters with $L_x {\ge}0.65{\times} 10^{44}\;h^{-2}erg\;s^{-1}$ is $30.3_{-6.5}^{+8.2}\;h^{-1}$ Mpc, and that of the BCS clusters with $L_x {\ge}0.70{\times} 10^{44}\;h^{-2}erg\;s^{-1}$ is $30.2_{-8.9}^{+9.8}\;h^{-1}$ Mpc. The clustering strength of the X-ray clusters is much weaker than what is expected from the optical clusters.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.950-958
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• 2015

BCS1L gene encodes mitochondrial protein and is a member of conserved AAA protein family. This gene is involved in the incorporation of Rieske FeS and Qcr10p into complex III of respiratory chain. In our previous study, AluYRa2-derived alternative transcript in rhesus monkey genome was identified. However, this transcript has not been reported in human genome. In present study, we conducted evolutionary analysis of AluYRa2-exonized transcript with various primate genomic DNAs and cDNAs from humans, rhesus monkeys, and crabeating monkeys. Remarkably, our results show that AluYRa2 element has only been integrated into genomes of Macaca species. This Macaca lineage-specific integration of AluYRa2 element led to exonization event in the first intron region of BCS1L gene by producing a conserved 3' splice site. Intriguingly, in rhesus and crabeating monkeys, more diverse transcript variants by alternative splicing (AS) events, including exon skipping and different 5' splice sites from humans, were identified. Alignment of amino acid sequences revealed that AluYRa2-exonized transcript has short N-terminal peptides. Therefore, AS events play a major role in the generation of various transcripts and proteins during primate evolution. In particular, lineage-specific integration of Alu elements and species-specific Alu-derived exonization events could be important sources of gene diversification in primates.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2004

본 실험은 한우 400두를 공시하여 사양조건에 따른 blood urea nitrogen(BUN)의 농도가 암소의 번식에 미치는 영향을 조사하였으며 또한 body condition score(BCS)가 번식효율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 1 화본과 식물이 주종인 초지에서 방목을 하였을 때 BUN의 평균농도는 7.39$\pm$2.65 mg/㎗ 이었으며 발정이 육안적으로 확인된 암소의 58.2%가 4∼8 mg/㎗ 사이에 분포하였으며 수태율도 높은 경향을 보였다. 2.사사기 농후사료를 급여하였을 때 BUN의 평균 농도는 12.36$\pm$2.92 mg/㎗이었으며 8∼14 mg/㎗사이에서 높은 수태율을 보였다. 3. BCS가 2.5∼3.5사이에 있을 때 분만 후 발정재귀가 가장 빠르게 나타났으며 수태율도 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 4. 방목기, 사사기에서 BUN과 BCS상호간의 다소의 차이는 있었으나 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 사양조건에 따라 적정 BUN및 BCS의 수준을 유지할 때 번식의 효율을 증대시킬 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1712-1720
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• 2012

We investigated the effect of the amount of body condition loss in the dry period and early lactation in 42 high-yielding Holstein-Friesian cows on milk yield and the share of fatty acids in milk fat. Energy reserves were estimated based on the body condition scoring (BCS) and backfat thickness (BFT). Milk yield and milk composition were determined over 305-d lactation. From d 6 to 60 of lactation, the concentrations of 43 fatty acids in milk fat were determined by gas chromatography. Cows were categorized based on body condition loss from the beginning of the dry period to the lowest point of the BCS curve in early lactation into three groups: low condition loss group (L) ${\leq}0.5$ points (n = 14); moderate condition loss group (M) 0.75 to 1.0 points (n = 16) and high condition loss group (H) >1.0 points (n = 12). Cows whose body energy reserves were mobilized at 0.8 BCS and 11 mm BFT, produced 12,987 kg ECM over 305-d lactation, i.e. 1,429 kg ECM more than cows whose BCS and BFT decreased by 0.3 and 5 mm, respectively. In group H, milk yield reached 12,818 kg ECM at body fat reserve mobilization of 1.3 BCS and 17 mm BFT. High mobilization of body fat reserves led to a significant (approx. 5%) increase in the concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids-MUFA (mostly $C_{18:1}$ cis-9, followed by $C_{18:1}$ trans-11), a significant decrease in the levels of fatty acids adversely affecting human health, and a drop in the content of linoleic acid, arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in milk fat. In successive weeks of lactation, an improved energy balance contributed to a decrease in the concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and an increase in the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of milk fat.