• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2006

The effluent limitations for individual industry based on the best available technology economically achievable (BAT) have been required to achieve effective regulation. BAT assessment criteria that are suitable for the circumstances of Korean industry were developed in the previous study. The criteria were applied to determine the BAT for petrochemical basic compound manufacturing (PBCM) and plastics and synthetic resins manufacturing (PSRM) industry. Wastewater discharged from the each category contains high concentration of COD and toluene. Eighteen sites were surveyed and wastewater qualities were analyzed. Six and two different technologies were applied to the PBCM and PSRM industry for the end-of-pipe treatment process, respectively. The technology candidates were evaluated in terms of environmental impacts, economically achievability, treatment performance and economical reasonability. As the result, the technology options: typical activated-sludge process + sand filtration + activated carbon adsorption (PBCM) and wet oxidation + chemical precipitation + typical activated-sludge process + chemical precipitation (PSRM) were selected as the BAT for each industry.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 2009

Taxonomic studies on two bat species, Nyctalus furvus Imaizumi and Yoshiyuki 1968 belonging to the Vespertilionidae, and Tadarida teniotis (Rafinesque) 1814 belonging to the Molossidae collected at Busan, Korea were carried out. The former, which has been known as an endemic species in Japan, is newly recorded in the Korean fauna and the latter is a very rare species which has not been collected since 1928 (Ognev, 1928) until two females were collected at Busan in this study, although Kishida and Mori (1931) reported the occurrence of the latter with no collecting record. Due to the addition of the former to the South Korean bat fauna, the bat fauna is composed of a total of twenty one species and one subspecies belonging to three families.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.508-510
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• 2020

2015년도부터 2019년도까지 5년간 고속도로에서 1,079명의 사망자가 발생하였으며, 이중 졸음운전 및 주시 태만이 729명(67.6%)로 가장 많았다. 졸음운전 방지를 위해 휴게소, 졸음쉼터 등 노력하고 있으나 이러한 노력에도 졸음운전으로 인한 사고는 지금까지도 계속해서 발생하고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 사고를 방지하기 위해 적외선 카메라를 이용한 영상 촬영하여 안면검출 해석과 서비스를 구현하였다. 안면검출을 통한 동공 상태의 여부와 적합한 수면 판단 기준으로 PERCLOS(Percentage of Eye Closure)을 적용하였다. 운전자의 동공의 장축과 단축의 비율이 1 : 0.35 미만 일 때, 운전자가 졸음상태라 판단하고 음성 알람을 통해 졸음방지를 개선할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2019

The ethyl acetate fraction of Bat Faeces (Ye Ming Sha: natural products used in Chinese Medicine) after fermentation (EFBF-AF) showed enhanced anti-oxidative effects in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt assays. Fermentation of the Bat Faeces by using the crude enzyme extract from Aspergillus kawachii, significantly increased the anti-inflammatory effects. Fermented Bat Faeces markedly inhibited nitric oxide production, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The EFBF-AF reduced the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) via $IKK{\alpha}$ and $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ phosphorylation, and decreased the phosphorylated the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and p38 expression in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, the EFBF-AF suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, such as interleukin-$1{\beta}$, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$. These results suggest that fermented Bat Faeces may suppress pro-inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages cells via ERK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathways.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2006

The effluent limitations for individual industry based on the best available technology economically achievable (BAT) have been required to achieve effective regulation. BAT assessment criteria that are suitable for the circumstances of Korean industry were developed in the previous study. The criteria were applied to determine the BAT for leather tanning and finishing industry. For the evaluation BAT, a subcategorization for the industry considering wastewater characteristics, source equipments, raw material and so on should be suggested. Three subcategories: A) Unharing, Chrome Tan, Retan-Wet Finish, B) Chrome Tan, Retan-Wet Finish, and C) Furskins were proposed in this study. Wastewater discharged from the each category contains high concentration of COD, chrome, nitrogen and sulfide. In particular, the concentration of nitrogen from the subcategory A is significantly greater. Twenty sites were surveyed and wastewater qualities were analyzed. Therefore, six different technologies were applied to the subcategory A for the end-of-pipe treatment technology, and a technology was used in the subcategory B and C, respectively. The technology candidates were evaluated in terms of environmental impacts, economically achievability, treatment performance and economical reasonability. As the result, the technology options for each subcategories: A) primary chemical precipitation + modified Ludzack-Ettinger process (MLE) + secondary chemical precipitation, B) chemical precipitation + typical activated-sludge process + Fenton oxidation, C) chemical precipitation + typical activated-sludge process + batch Fenton oxidation or batch activated carbon treatment were selected as the BAT, respectively.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.313-316
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• 1997

Thomas'fruit-eating bat, Artibeus watssoni, is known to alter leaves of a wide variety of tropical plants to construct tent roosts. On Barro Colorado Island and Gigante Peninsula in the canal zone, Panama, A. watsoni is found to use the black palm, Astrocaryum standleyanum, as its tent plant. Bats cut the first five to ten pinnae from the proximal side of the terminal blade and chew additional four to nine pinnae without severing their central veins. The distance from the frond rachis to the cut decreases distally leaving an inverted V-shaped cut path. The distal portions of the bifurcated blade are then collapsed and folded to form the'bifid'tent with an inverted boat-shaped cavity underneath. All tents were in fronds of trunkless juvenile plants.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 1997

To study the function and structure of Golgi apparatus in the spermiogenesis of long-fingered bat (Miniopterus schreibersi fuliginosus), the testis obtained from adult bat was treated with the prolonged osmification or fixed with ferrocyanide reduced osmium. golgi apparatus was oval shape in early Golgi phase, and was composed of cortex and medullar enclosing acrosome in mid Golgi phase. The vesicles of crescent shape Golgi apparatus were closed or fused with small or large vesicles at the periphery of acrosome. Golgi apparatus moved behing the acrosome face in cap phase, but the Golgi apparatus was still active. According to this, Golgi apparatus appears to be involved in the formation of acrosome and sperm tail. Transfer of materials from Golgi to acrosme seems to be carried out not only by fusion of large vesicles with acrosomal vesicles but also by detachment of coated vesicle from various cisternae of Golgi fusing with acrosomal vesicle.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.182-187
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• 1994

트위스트 드릴을 사용한 구멍은 구멍가공중 가장 경제적인 방법중의 하나이다. 그러나 트위스트 드릴에 의한 가공은 길이에 대한 구멍경의 비가 한정되어 있다. 깊이/직경(L/D)의 비가 통상 5배 이상의 경우의 적절한 가공방법은 거압력의 절삭유를 공급할 수 있는 공구를 사용하여 가공하고 있으며, 그 대표적인 방법은 Long drull, Gun drill, BTA drill 및 Ejector drill등이 있다. 이들 방법중 BAT drill은 다른 가공공구에 비하여 우수한 가공능율을 갖고 있다. 그러나 BAT드릴에 의한 심공가공은 1회 가공에 의하여 요구되는 품질을 만족시켜야 함으로 이에 대응한 연구가 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 BAT드릴링 시스템에 BAT drrill을 사용하여 심공가공할때 공작물의 형상 즉 표면 거칠기 및 지원도등 미치는 영향에 대하여 실험을 통하여 분석하였다.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-24
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• 1997

To investigate the process of spermiogenesis of the Korean eastern Daubenton's bat, Myotis daubentonii ussuriensis, the testis obtained from mature male bats was studied by transmission electron microscope and were based on the variety and diagnostic characters of cell organells. The results obtained from the present study are as follows. According to the differentiation of the cell organells, the spermiogenesis of the Korean eastern Daubenton's bat, M. d. ussuriensis, was divided into Golg, cap, acrosome, maturation and spermiation phases. Besides, these Golgi, cap, acrosome, and maturation phase were subdivided into the steps of early and late phases repectively and matruation phase was subdivided into step of early, mid and late phases. Therfore, the spermiogenesisof M. d. ussuriensis has been divided into a total of 11 phases. The chromatin granules began to condense at the early cap phase, regularized at the acrosome phase, and a perfect nucleus of sperm was formed at the maturation phase. The chromatoid body was occurred in the upper cytoplasm of nucleus at the early Golgi phase, and it was accurred the posterior cytoplasm of the nucleus at the early maturatio phase. The formation of sperm tail began to be develop in the early golgi phase, and completed at the spermiation phase. The fiber structure of middle piece was consisted of nine outer doublets and two central singlet microtubules and Nos. 1, 5, 6 and 9 in the outer dense were larger than the others(2, 3, 4, 7, 8).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2006

Sexual maturation and reproductive cycle of the bat star Asterina pectinifera were investigated by histological method. Specimens were collected monthly in Donghwari, Gosunggun, Korea from January 2004 to February 2005. The bat star was dioecious. The gonads are composed of a number of gametogenic follicles. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of female and male were reached the maximum in July (5.72, 4.54) and the minimum in December (0.89) and January, February (0.51), and the gonad index (GI) of female and male were reached the maximum in July (3.53, 3.91) and the minimum in August (0.95) and October to December (1.0), respectively. The main spawning was from August to September. The reproductive cycle of the bat star could be divided into five stages: in the female, inactive (November-February), early active (January February), late active (March-June), ripe (July), spent and degenerative (August-November) and in the male, inactive (November-February), early active (January-March), late active (April-June), ripe (July), spent and degenerative (August-October), respectively.