• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.105-118
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• 2018

Generic medicine (GM), which is an alternative drug product for branded medicine (BM), is used less in Japan than in other OECD countries. Therefore, we investigate why the medical consumers of Japan avoid the use of GMs even though the efficacy and safety of the medicines have already been proven. We theorize that effectiveness or risk of GMs are related to the consumer attitude toward GMs is affected by the behavioral approach/activation system (BAS) which promotes actions to reach the desired state, and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) which suppresses behaviors to avoid negative outcomes. To see which of the BAS and BIS dimensions are related to GM usage, we surveyed 374 Japanese consumers and found that Quality, Efficacy, Safety, & Cost-effectiveness with the BAS, and Functional Risk, Financial Risk, Social Risk, Physical Risk, Psychological Risk, & Time Risk with the BIS had a significant effect on consumer attitude to GMs. These results are important in that they 1), confirm the role of BAS/BIS in attitudes to GMs, 2), provide guidelines when marketing GMs, 3), help governments promote the use of GMs as a cost-saving measure, and 4), guide future surveys regarding consumer attitudes to GMs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1764-1768
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• 2004

This study was performed to examine the levels of biogenic amines (BAs) in foods of animal origin such as egg, ham, sausage, milk, cheese and yoghurt distributed on Korean domestic markets, and to compare the results with those of western countries. Egg yolk had more BAs than egg white. BAs detected in ham samples were the highest level in barbecued tender loin ham. Sausage samples had less BAs than ham samples. However, the delicatessen sausages had significantly higher levels of histamine than the other sausage samples (p<0.001). Cadaverine, spermidine and spermine were detected in market milks and their concentrations were very low compared with other samples. In Cheddar cheese, tyramine (44.46${\pm}$0.83 ${\mu}$g/g) was the major BA. The major BA of stirred yoghurt samples was histamine. These results suggest that BAs of the foods of animal origin distributed on Korean domestic markets were not much different from those of western countries and would not cause any harmful effect to consumers.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.851-856
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to investigate the optimum drawing parameter for BAS121 welded tubes. The BAS121 aluminium alloy tubes with 25 mm in external diameter and 1.3 mm in thickness for heat-exchangers were manufactured by high frequency induction welding with the V shaped convergence angle $6.5^{\circ}$ and power input 55 kW. With increasing the reduction of area ($13,\;21\%$) by drawing, tensile strength was increased and elongation was decreased. With increasing the reduction of area by drawing, hardness in weld metal increased rapidly, while that of base metal increased slowly. In the specimen with the outer diameter smaller than 22 mm, hardness of weld metal was higher than that of base metal. The optimum drawing parameter of area reduction in BAS121 alloys was estimated about $13\%$ because of the work hardening of welds.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.65-72
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to investigate the optimum drawing parameter for BAS111 welded tubes. The BAS111 aluminium alloy tubes with 25.4mm in external diameter and 1.5mm in thickness for heat-exchangers were manufactured by high frequency induction welding with the V shaped convergence angle 6.8$^{\circ}$ and power input 50㎾. With increasing the reduction of area (1.6, 5.8, 11.5, 14.2, 18.5, 22.5%) by drawing, tensile strength was increased and elongation was decreased. With increasing the reduction of area by drawing, hardness in weld metal increased rapidly, while that of base metal increased slowly. In the specimen with the outer diameter smaller than 22mm, hardness of weld metal was higher than that of base metal. The optimum drawing parameter of area reduction was estimated about 15% because of the work hardening of welds.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.71-72
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• 2009

행동활성화체계(BAS)/ 행동억제체계(BIS)는 서로 독립적이고 구분되는 신경 기저와 작용 방식을 가졌기 때문에 사람들은 이 두 체계에서 각기 독립적인 민감성을 보이리라고 가정할 수 있으며, 개인의 기질이나 성격 특성 및 광범위한 전반적 정서 경험 경향성과도 밀접하게 관련된다고 가정된다. 본 연구에서는 뇌자도(MEG)에서 취득한 신호를 가지고 EEG에서 얻은 신호 및 자기 보고식 질문지를 통한 비교 분석 연구를 수행하였다. 총 9명 (male=6, female=3)을 대상으로 EEG/MEG를 수행한 후 BIS/BAS 질문지를 수행하여 비교 분석하였다. 자기 보고식 질문지와 EEG/MEG와의 상관관계 및 통계분석을 통하여 EEG와 MEG에서 일치성 및 상관성을 살펴보고 향후 성격 및 감성성향 판단 및 분류에 있어서 MEG의 효용성 측면을 살펴보고자 함이 본 연구의 목적이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.40-49
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate a motivation system about science learning and interest in science among elementary, middle & high school students and analyze on the their relations. For this, the questionnaires on interest in science that developed by Kind et al., (2007) were selected and translated. After that, second-grade 80 students, fourth-grade 87 students, sixth-grade 107 students, eighth-grade 123 students and eleventh-grade 128 students were required to accomplish a questionnaire on behavioral inhibition system/behavioral activation system about science learning (SL-BIS/BAS), interest in science. Based on these materials, SL-BIS/BAS by student's variables and relations of between the system to interest in science have been analyzed. The result of this study shows the followings. First, the sensitivity about SL-BIS was no significant difference in School levels. But sensitivity about SL-BAS and interest in science in elementary and high school was higher than it in middle school. Second, there were low negative correlation with SL-BIS and interest in science, and relatively high positive correlation with SL-BAS and interest in science. Through the results of this study, relations of motivation to related variables, and the motivation by student's variables are identified. These results would be helpful for teachers to understand the difference about motivation by students' variables and to make a plan for the appropriate strategies for learners.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.13 no.3_4
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• pp.55-61
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• 1998

Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) detoxify electrophilic xenobiotics and reactive metabolites. Recently benzene-fused heterocycles have been shown to increase the total amount of hepatic GSTs in rats. Primarily this study aimed to determine the induction of GSTs by benzoazoles (BAs) including benzoxazole (BX), 2-methylbenzoxazole (M-BX), 2,5-dimethyl benzoxazole (D-BX), benzothiazole (BT), aminobenzothiazole (A-BT) and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (M-BT) in rats. Hepatic cytosol and poly(A)$^+$ mRNA were prepared from rats after oral administration of BX, BT, M-BX, D-BX, A-BT and M-BT for 5 consecutive days at doses of 1 mmol/kg. Western immunoblot and northern blot analysis were conducted with rabbit anti-GST Ya, Yb$_1$, Yb$_2$, Yc antibodies and cDNA probes containing = 500 bps in the specific coding regions of Ya, Yb$_1$, Yb$_2$, Yc$_1$, and Yc$_2$, respectively. All BAs increased the amount of enzymes and mRNA levels of GSTs. BT was the most effective inducer of GSTs among the compounds examined in this study. Although A-BT and M-BT, the derivatives of BT, induced GSTs, these chemicals had lesser effect on induction of GSTs than BT. The derivatives of BX also induced less GSTs than the parent compound and the addition of methyl group to the benzene ring of BX reduced the induction of GSTs. BAs had better inductive effects on the class $\alpha$(Ya, Yc) than class $\mu$ GSTs (Yb$_1$, Yb$_2$). BAs enhanced mRNA levels of GSTs in parallel with the protein levels. These results indicate that 1) most of BAs induced various isozymes of GSTs, 2) the induction of GSTs appears to be correlated with the chemical structure of the derivatives, and 3) the expression of GST by BAs is presumably under the transcriptional regulation.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.758-769
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• 2011

This study was designed to investigate the relations of motivation to related variables, and the motivation by student's variables basically through measure of motivation system about science learning. For this, 496 fourth-grade students and 425 eighth-grade students were required to accomplish a questionnaire on behavioral inhibition/activation system about science learning (SL-BIS/BAS), and self-efficacy. Based on these materials, SLBIS/BAS by student's variables and relations between the system to self-efficacy were analyzed. The result of this study shows the following:First, the sensitivity about SL-BIS in the eighth-grade was higher than in the fourth-grade. But sensitivity about SLBAS and self-efficacy in the eighth-grade was lower than in the fourth-grade Hence, the difference in sensitivity about SL-BIS/BAS agree with difference in motivation. Second, there were low negative correlation with SL-BIS and self-efficacy, and positive correlation with SL-BAS and self-efficacy. In addition, two systems account for 41% of self-efficacy, it showed that SL-BIS/BAS relates to self-efficacy. Through the results of this study, relations of motivation to related variables, and the motivation by student's variables were identified. These results would be helpful for teachers to understand the difference about motivation by students' variables and to make a plan for the appropriate strategies for learners.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.2588-2597
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• 2011

The EEG asymmetry of prefrontal lobe has been researched to analyze the affect such as depression or anxiety and the behavioral characteristics such as BIS(Behavioral Inhibition System)/BAS(Behavioral Activational System) on the basiss of alpha band. However there has been several proposals about the importance of beta asymmetry pointing out the limitation of alpha asymmetry. Here, for 44 numbers of 4-year-old children, by comparing alpha asymmetry and beta asymmetry with BIS/BAS results respectively, we propose the way to classify the characteristics of affect and behavioral trend. We also found that BIS is related with beta-asymmetry, while BAS is related with alpha-asymmetry. As for the affective trait, we use the alpha asymmetry following the other results. Our results seem to be consistent with the other results that the synapse formation of young children is more active at the hemisphere than the right hemisphere.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-52
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• 1989

Native Kerean lawngrass (Zeysia japonica steud.) and Manilagrass ( Zeysia matrella Merr.) are frequently used as sport turf and lawn in Kerea and ether Asian countries because of its excellent summer qualities and superior winter-hardiness compared to ether warm-season turfgrass . The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the plant growth retardants ( PGR ) en the inhibition (d the growth of the two Kerean native turfgrasses. Kerean lawngrass and Manilagrass were treated with [2 RS , 3 RS] -1- [4- chlorophenyl ] -4, 4-dimethyl -2- [1 H -1, 2, 4- tiazol -1- y] pentan -3- ol ( PP -333) at 93 and 930 gha -j ; 5-[4- chlorphenyl ]-3, 4, 5, 9, 10- peiitaaza - tetracyclo [5, 4, 1, 0 2 6 . o ~'~I -3, 9- diene ( BAS -106) at 16 and 160 gha ; [ E I-] - cyclohexyl -4, 4- dimethyl -2- [1, 2, 4- triazol -1- yl ]-1-pentene - 3- ol ( NTN -821) at 56 and 560 gha ', and 4- chloro -2- [$\alpha$- hydrozybenzy I isonicotin anilide ( CGR -811) at 92 gha in pot study . All PGR treatments were effective in reducing the plant height, with the exception of BAS -106 at 16 gha for Korean lawngrass ; however , all increased quality to some degree , with the exception of PP -333 at 93 gha . The low PGR rates significantly increased Korean lawngrass height during late jtily aitd mid-August . On the other hand , BAS -106 significantly increased Manilagrass height {rom 24 Septeml)er onwards . All PGR treatments haol higher turfgrass quality than untreatments , and also the high rates of PGIt treatments were more effective in increasing quality than the low rates observed on 8 October . Meanwhile , Manilagrass quality was increased to some extent than Korean lawegrass . PP - 333 was significantly effective in reducing clipping yield and the same results were found with the application of NTN -821 at 560 gha -l for both Korean lawngrass and Manilagrass , BAS -106 at 160 gha for Korean lawegrass , and CGR -811 at 92 gha for Manilagrass . The high PGR rates had higher turfgrass shoot weight observed on 8 October than the low rates , and there were little increases obtained with the low rates of PP -333 for Korean lawngrass and BAS - 1 06 for Manilagrass . Effeets on stolon growth varied between growth retardants , and between retardant treatments ; the high rates of PGR as well as the low rate of NTN -821 elongated stolon of Korean lawngrass and manoilagrass . However , PP -333 at 93 gha and BAS -106 at 16 gha - shortened stolons of Korean lawugrass , resulting in inhibition or little difference of stolon dry weight . NTN -821 at 560 gha and CGR -811 had no positive effect on the stolon length of Manilagrass . 101) -333 and the low rate of BAS -106 and NTN -821 decreased root weight of Korean lawng - rass All PGR rates had negative effect on the root weight of Manilagrass with the exception of BAS -106 CR -811 and the high rate of NTN -821 which made no difference in root weight between retarolant treatments and the control .