• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2011.10a
• /
• pp.911-914
• /
• 2011

Detecting Hand Region is essencial technology to providing User based interface and many research has been continue. In this paper will propose Hand Region Detection method by using HSV space based on Back Projection and Hand Shape Recognition using Hu Moment. By using Back Projection, I updated reliability on Hand Region Detection by Back Projection method and, Confirmed Hand Shape could be recognized through Hu moment.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the hand acupressure and lumbar strengthening exercise on young adult women with back pain. Methods: The study used a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects consisted of 37 female young adults (19 persons in the experimental group and 18 persons in the control group). The hand acupressure and strengthening exercise for lower back were developed by the investigator and a hand acupressure expert. The experimental group was exposed to this program 5 days a week for 4 weeks. The visual analog scale, back muscle strength, flexibility, and quality of life were used as measurement instruments. The data were analyzed with frequency, t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS 18.0. Results: In this study, the hand acupressure and strengthening exercise showed siginificant effects on the back muscle strength, flexibility, and quality of life in the experimental group compared to the control group. However, back pain score was not significantly decreased after the program. Conclusion: The study suggests that this program can be applied for the women with low back pain in order to enhance the back muscle strength, flexibility, and quality of life.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.79-86
• /
• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of Koryo Hand-Acupuncture on health status(pain, trunk flexion, IADL, depression) of patients with chronic low back pain. Method: This study used a quasi experimental pre-test and post-test design. Data were collected from December 1st, 2000 to December 20th, 2001. 63 chronic low back pain patients(35 experimental group, 28 control group) admitted to the Back-School and consented to this study. The experimental group participated in treatment: Koryo Hand-Acupuncture and AB-Bong. Two groups was homogeneity. After 4 weeks the effects of treatment on the health status was measured between experimental and control group. Data were analyzed using SPSSWIN 10.0 with crosstab, t-test, and paired t-test. Result: In the experimental group, pain(t=4.85, p=.000) and IADL difficulty(t=2.05, p=.045) was significantly lower than those in the control group. It makes no difference trunk flexion(t=-1.60, p=.114) and depression(t=1.50, p=.138) between experimental and control group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that Koryo-Hand Acupuncture is an effective method for reducing pain and IADL difficulty in patients with chronic low back pain, and is considered as a independent nursing intervention for chronic low back pain.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.10-20
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of hand acupuncture therapy on pain, ROM, ADL, and depression among older people with low back pain and knee joint pain. Methods: The research was a quasi-experimental design using a non-equivalent control group pre-post test. The participants were 40 patients, 18 in the experimental group and 22 in the control group. A pretest and 2 posttest were conducted to measure the main variables. For the experimental group, hand acupuncture therapy, consisting of hand acupuncture and press-pellets based on corresponding points, was given. Results: There were statistically significant differences in pain, ROM in knee joint, and ADL in the experimental group but not in depression compared to the control group over two different times. Conclusion: The hand acupuncture therapy was effective for low back pain, knee joint pain, ROM in knee joint and ADL among the elders in this study. Therefore, the hand acupuncture therapy can be utilized in the field of geriatric nursing as a nursing intervention for older people with low back pain and knee joint pain.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.336-344
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study tries to examine the effects of hand moxibustion and press pellet by applying them to male manufacturing workers with low back pain, and use them to develop nursing interventions for workers. Methods: The data were collected from August to October, 2018, and the subjects were 60 men, processed by using SPSS/WIN 21.0 to perform homogeneity test with $x^2$-, t-, and hypothesis tests with repeated measures, ANOVA and $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test. Results: Hypothesis 1 that "the experimental group provided with hand moxibustion and hand press pellet would give lower scores for low back pain than the control group" was supported (F=78.71, p<.001). Hypothesis 2 that "the experimental group provided with hand moxibustion and hand press pellet would have a wider range of motion than the control group" was also supported (F=17.44, p<.001). Hypothesis 3 that "the experimental group provided with hand moxibustion and hand press pellet would give lower scores for depression than the control group," again, was supported (F=16.95, p<.001). Conclusion: Hand moxibustion and hand press pellet are effective in relieving low back pain for male workers, in increasing the range of motion, and in decreasing depression.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.173-191
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was defined efficient throw motion pattern to obtain the quantitative data and to achieve successful bowling through kinetic - kinematic variables on the throw motion. Subject of group composed of three groups : Higher bowlers who are two representative bowlers with 200 average points and one pro-bowler. Middle bowlers who are three common persons with 170 average points. Lower bowler who are three common persons with 150 average points. Motion analysis on throw motion in three groups respectively has been made through three-dimension cinematography using DLT method. Two high-speed video camera at operating 180 frame per secondary. One-way ANOVA has been used to define variable relations. Analyzed result and conclusion are the following : The displacement of back of the hand must have wider difference of each right-left displacement to increase the spin of the ball. In high bowlers group, difference between the front-rear position of back of the hand in case of success and that in case of failure in follow throw is 0.17m. That is to say, momentum in case of success come to increase greatly, compared with that in case of failure. To increase the spin of the ball, the potential difference should be narrower in follow through. In case of the high bowlers, the velocity of the front-rear direction of the back of the hand has been the fastest both in release and follow through, compared with those in other groups, which has contributed to increasing the spin force of the ball. The orders in the resultant velocity of the back of the hand has shown the this : the finger tip$\rightarrow$the back of the hand$\rightarrow$wrist.These orders made the proximal segment support the distal segment. The distal segment has provided the condition to accelerate the velocity. In case of failure, the suddenly increased velocity has caused the failure in the follow through. Acutely flexing the angle of the back of the hand has contributed to lifting to increase the spin of the ball.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.41-52
• /
• 2007

The present study analyzed the two hand backhand stroke motion of six female high school tennis players who won the championship at the National Athletic Meeting in 2006, and drew conclusions as follows. The open angle of the racket at the moment of impact was 90 degree without significant difference among the players, making a wide contact between the ball and the racket. The racket angle was 43 degree at take back and 91 at impact, showing a style of holding the racket rather upright in general. In back swing from the top to the impact, the shoulders and the hips turned by 97 degree and 40 degree, respectively. At the moment of impact, the height of the impact was 54%H, and the position of the impact was 10%H ahead of and 37%H left from the central axis of the body. The right hand made a continental grip and the left hand made a Western or semi Western grip. Through the entire swing motion, the grip angle of the left hand was smaller than that of the right hand, and those who maintained a large grip angle of the right hand at the moment of take back put the racket head slightly farther from the body. In the swing of the racket head from the lowest point to the impact, the vertical length of movement was 11%H and the horizontal length of movement was 60%H, quite long.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
• /
• 1992.10a
• /
• pp.104-112
• /
• 1992

The objectives of this study were: (a) to find the maximum ac- ceptable weight which can be carried for 8 hours using a psycho- physical method for front, side (one hand and two hands) and back carrying, and (b) to develop models which could predict the ac- ceptable maximum weight in carrying using isometric strength and anthropometric data. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to find the maximum acceptable weight in front side and back carrying. Six college students participated in the experiment. It was found that subjects were willing to carry the heaviest load using two-hand side carrying (average maximum acceptable weight: 7.76 kg). Back carrying was the close second with 6.62 kg. Also, there was a significant difference (p< 0.01) in maximum acceptable weight for carrying between one-hand (4.40kg) and two-hand side carrying.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.165-172
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the ergonomic verification of suitability of the 4-wheeled hand cart to prevent musculoskeletal problems in the firing test range. Because of the increasing amount of firing test, the needs to develop a projectile transferring device such as 4-wheeled hand cart has been increased. For the 4-wheeled hand cart, the lifting and carrying activity in the manual handling method were transformed to pushing activity. The risk of low back pain for lifting and carrying the projectile by manual was estimated by NLE and 3D SSPP. On the other hand, the risk for pushing the 4-wheeled hand cart was estimated by psychophysical and biomechanical method such as Mital's equation, Snook's table and 3D SSPP. It was shown that the 4-wheeled hand cart reduced the risk of low back pain drastically with higher efficiency and design compatibility.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.29-40
• /
• 1971

Oxygen consumption, pulmonary ventilation, heart rate, and breathing frequency were measured on 8 men walking on a treadmill carrying load of 9 kg on hand, back, or head. Besides measurements were made on subjects carrying loads of 2.6 kg each on both feet. The speed of level walking was 4, 5, and 5.5km/hr and a fixed speed off km/hr with grades of 0, 3, 6, and 9%. Comparisons were made between free walking without load and walking with various types of loads. The following results were obtained. 1. In level or uphill walking the changes in oxygen consumption, pulmonary ventilation, breathing frequency and heart rate were smallest in back load walking, and largest in hand load walking. The method of back load was most efficient and hand load was the least efficient. The energy cost in head load walking was smaller than that of in hand load walking. It was assumed that foot load costed more energy than hand load. 2. In level walking the measured parameters increased abruptly at the speed of 5.5 km/hr. Oxygen consumption in a free walking at 4 km/hr was 11.4ml/kg b.wt., and 13.1 ml/kg b.wt. 5.5 km/hr, and in a hand load walking at 4 km/hr was 13.9, and 18.8 ml/kg b. wt. at 5.5 km/hr. 3. In uphill walking oxygen consumption and other parameters increased abruptly at the grade of 6%. Oxygen consumption at 4 km/hr and 0% grade was 11.4 ml/kg b. wt., 13.6 at 6% grade, and 16.21/kg b. wt. at 9% grade in a free walking. In back load walking oxygen consumption at 4km/hr and 0% grade was 12.3 ml/kg b.wt.,14.9 at 6% grade, and 18.7 ml/kg b.wt. In hand load walking the oxygen consumption was the greatest, namely, 13.9 at 0% grade, 17.9 at 6%, and 20.0 ml/kg b. wt. at 9% grade. 4. Both in level and uphill walking the changes in pulmonary ventilation and heart rate paralleled with oxygen consumption. 5. The changes in heart rate and breathing frequency in hand load were characteristic. Both in level and uphill walk breathing frequency increased to 30 per minute when a load was held on hand and showed a small increase as the exercise became severe. In the other method of load carrying the Peak value of breathing frequency was less than 30 Per minute. Heart rate showed 106 beats/minute even at a speed of 4 km/hr when a load was held on hand, whereas, heart rate was between, 53 and 100 beats/minute in the other types of load carriage. 6. Number of strides per minute in level walking increased as the speed increased. At the speed floater than 5 km/hr number of strides per minute of load carrying walk was greater than that of free walking. In uphill walk number of strides per minute decreased as the grade increased. Number of strides in hand load walk was greatest and back load walk showed the same number of strides as the free walk.