• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.22-31
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• 2019

Purpose: To develop a new diffusion-based functional MRI (fMRI) sequence to generate apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in single excitation and evaluate the contribution of b0 signal on neuronal changes. Materials and Methods: A diffusion-based fMRI sequence was designed with single measurement that can acquire images of three directions at a time, obtaining $b=0s/mm^2$ during the first baseline condition (b0_b), followed by 107 diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with $b=600s/mm^2$ during the baseline and visual stimulation conditions, and another $b=0s/mm^2$ during the last activation condition (b0_a). ADC was mapped in three different ways: 1) using b0_b (ADC_b) for all time points, 2) using b0_a (ADC_a) for all time points, and 3) using b0_b and b0_a (ADC_ba) for baseline and stimulation scans, respectively. The fMRI studies were conducted on the brains of 16 young healthy volunteers using visual stimulations in a 3T MRI system. In addition, the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI was also acquired to compare it with diffusion-based fMRI. A sample t-test was used to investigate the voxel-wise average between the subjects. Results: The BOLD data consisted of only activated voxels. However, ADC_ba data was observed in both deactivated and activated voxels. There were no statistically significant activated or deactivated voxels for DWI, ADC_b, and ADC_a. Conclusions: With the new sequence, neuronal activations can be mapped with visual stimulation as compared to the baseline condition in several areas in the brain. We showed that ADC should be mapped using both DWI and b0 images acquired with the same conditions.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.298-303
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• 2008

Using a phage peptide library approach, we have isolated a peptide ligand that binds to transferrin receptor on the surface of human melanoma cell, B16F10. The library was first screened twice by recovering internalized phages and was further screened three times by competitively eluting transferrin receptor-specific phages with human transferrin among the phages bound to the cell surface. The peptides displayed by the selected phages were fused to translocation and catalytic domain of Pseudomonas exotoxin to prepare recombinant toxins. After estimating cytotoxicity of each recombinant toxin toward B16F10 cell, seven clones were selected. Sequence analysis revealed that one of the clones displayed a peptide which had a significant sequence homology with human transferrin. The peptide was chemically synthesized and was shown to be functional in delivering cytotoxic agents into B16F10 cell via interaction with transferrin receptor.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.249-256
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• 2020

To investigate the natural cosmetic ingredients of Benincasa hispida seed extract on skin care, we measured anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory, and whitening effect. DPPH free radical scavenging activity was increased in a dose-dependent manner. The total phenolic content was higher in methanol extract (22.42±0.002 mgGAE/g) than water extract (9.77±0.002 mgGAE/g). MTT assay was demonstrated that the seed extract did not have a cytotoxic effect in RAW264.7 and B16F10 cell lines. We also examined to find out the inhibitory activity on NO production and secretion of TNF-α cytokine in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. In B16F10 melanoma cells, the seed extract significantly suppressed α-MSH induced melanin synthesis. Furthermore, westernblot analysis revealed that methanol extract dramatically downregulated the expression level of MITF, TRP-1 and TRP-2. Taken together, the B. hispida seed extract posses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and skin whitening activities, which might provided its functional efficacy in cosmetic materials.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.235-241
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• 1984

Two fractions of pectinesterase from Chinese cabbage were isolated by ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. The fraction F-A and F-B were purified approximately 340- and 10-fold. The similar salt effects and pH optima (pH 7.5-8.0) were obtained for the two pectinesterase fractions. The maximum activity of both two. fractions were obtained at 20-50mM of divalent rations and at 250mM of monovalent rations. The apparent Michaelis constant of the F-A was 0.01% for citrus pectin. The temperature optima for F-A and F-B were $48^{\circ}$ and $55^{\circ}C$, respectively and both fractions were stable in the region of pH 5.0-8.0 at room temperature. The thermal inactivation of the two fractions followed the first order reaction kinetics. From D and Z-values obtained the thermal resistance of the two fractions were characterized.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.555-563
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• 2019

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of an ethanol extract of Elaeagnus umbellata leaves (EUL-EE) on skin-related biological activities. Previously, we have reported that gallic acid was the major phenolic compound in EUL-EE through quantitative analysis and that EUL-EE had an inhibitory effect against the proliferation of liver cancer HepG2 cells. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of EUL-EE on melanin production and tyrosinase activity in ${\alpha}$-melanocyte-stimulated hormone-stimulated B16-F0 cells were determined to assess the effects of EUL-EE on skin whitening. The anti-wrinkle effect using UVB-irradiated CCD-986sk cells was examined by the expression of type I procollagen and metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 release. The EUL-EE significantly decreased intracellular melanin production (33.0% inhibition at $100{\mu}g/ml$) when compared with untreated B16-F0 cells. Tyrosinase activities in the stimulated B16-F0 cells were also decreased by EUL-EE (47.8% inhibition at $100{\mu}g/ml$). The EUL-EE also dose-dependently increased the production of type I procollagen (up to 1.74-fold at $250{\mu}g/ml$) in CCD-986sk cells when compared with UVB-irradiated controls. EUL-EE showed no cytotoxicity at concentrations up to $500{\mu}g/ml$. In addition, EUL-EE at $10-500{\mu}g/ml$ inhibited the release of MMP-1 to the medium from UVB-irradiated CCD-986sk cells. Taken together, these observations indicate that EUL-EE has high potential for use as inner beauty and cosmetic materials due to its whitening and anti-wrinkle effects.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 1967

Fading of Chlorantine Fast Red 5B (C.I. Direct Red 81) on cotton fabric exposed to carbon are light was examined. It was observed that the dye had anomaly in CF curve slope, while normal in CFG one. Auther considered that the reason for discrepancy of the one with the other curve slope might be appeared from Weber-Fechner law, and derived following equation $F_v=[logC_0-log(C_0-C_0F_t/100)]{\times}100/(logC_0+b)$ where $F_t$; the proportion of dye faded after t hour exposure. $F_v$; the proportion of dye faded after t hour exposure, when a pattern is judged by visual method $C_0$; initial dye concentration. b; constant. also, the reason for increasing lightfastness with dye concentration was discussed on view of the above equation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.7337-7342
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• 2015

The study aimed to investigate the profile of alkaloids in two ethyl acetate soluble fractions, namely fractions A and B from an ethanolic extract of Ficus septica leaves and cytotoxic effect on T47D breast cancer cells. Preparation of both fractions involved maceration of leaves with 70% (v/v) ethanol, filtration with $Al_2O_3$, precipitation with 0.1 N HCl, Mayer reagent, and 0.1 N NaOH, and also partition with ethyl acetate. Qualitative thin layer chromatography (TLC) was conducted to determine the profile of alkaloids in the two fractions, using alkaloid specific reagents such as Dragendorff, sodium nitrite, and Van Urk-Salkowski. Cytotoxic effects of both fractions on T47D cells were evaluated using MTT assay with a concentration series of 1.56; 3.12; 6.25; 12.5; 25 and $50{\mu}g/mL$. The TLC test showed that fractions A and B contained alkaloids with Rx values of 0.74 and 0.80 for fraction A and 0.74, 0.84, 0.92 for fraction B with regard to yohimbine using the mobile phase of n-buthanol:glacial acetic acid:distilled water (3:1:1 v/v/v). Moreover, an indole alkaloid was detected with Rx values of 0.80 and 0.84, respectively. Fractions A and B exhibited high cytotoxic effects on T47D cells with IC50 values of 2.57 and $2.73{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. In conclusion, overall the results of this study showed that fractions of Ficus septica contain alkaloids including indole alkaloid or its derivatives and possess a cytotoxic effect on T47D cells. This research supports the idea that alkaloids in F. septica have anticancer activity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2335-2340
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• 2014

Paclitaxel is hydrophobic in nature and is recognized as a highly toxic anticancer drug, showing adverse effects in normal body sites. In this study, we developed a polymeric nano drug carrier for safe delivery of the paclitaxel to the cancer that releases the drug in a sustained manner and reduces side effects. N-isopropylacrylamide/vinyl pyrrolidone (NIPAAm/VP) nanoparticles were synthesized by radical polymerization. Physicochemical characterization of the polymeric nanoparticles was conducted using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance, which confirmedpolymerization of formulated nanoparticles. Drug release was assessed using a spectrophotometer and cell viability assays were carried out on the MCF-7 breast cancer and B16F0 skin cancer cell lines. NIPAAm/VP nanoparticles demonstrated a size distribution in the 65-108 nm range and surface charge measured -15.4 mV. SEM showed the nanoparticles to be spherical in shape with a slow drug release of ~70% in PBS at $38^{\circ}C$ over 96 h. Drug loaded nanoparticles were associated with increased viability of MCF-7 and B16F0 cells in comparison to free paclitaxel. Nano loaded paclitaxel shows high therapeutic efficiency by sustained release action for the longer period of time, i increasing its efficacy and biocompatibility for human cancer therapy. Therefore, paclitaxel loaded (NIPAAm/VP) nanoparticles may provide opportunities to expand delivery of the drug for clinical selection.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 1996

Reaction of Re(O)(PPh3)2Cl3,I, with 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoroaniline (C6F5NH2), produced Re(NC6F5)(PPh3)2Cl3, II. The product has been characterized by 1H-NMR, elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction. II crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pna21 with cell parameters a=18.763Å, b=14.737(2)Å, c=16.707(3)Å, Z=4. Least-square refinement of the structure led to an R(wR2)factor of 0.0455(0.1148) for 3319 unique reflections of I > 2σ(I) and for 174 variables.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.254-259
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• 2012

To further access honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) venom (BV) as a cosmetic ingredient and potential external treatment for topical use, we investigated its ability to inhibit tyrosinase activity and melanin biosynthesis on melanogenesis in B16F1 melanoma cells. We found that BV increased the cell viability in B16F1 melanoma cell and BV (0.01~1 ${\mu}g/ml$) inhibited melanin synthesis in with 10 nM ${\alpha}$-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH) for 48 h. In addition, we used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting for me melanogenesis-related genes such as tyrosinase to examine the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of BV on melanogensis. BV inhibited direct tyrosinase activity, which decreased melanin synthesis in ${\alpha}$-MSH stimulated B16F1 melanoma cells. Thease findings suggest that BV induces the downregulation of melanogenesis by inhibiting tyrosinase activation.