• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.544-549
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• 1995

The alkaline elastase is an extracellular serine protease of the alkalophilic Bacillus strain Ya-B. To increase the gene copy number and the production level of the alkaline elastase Ya-B, we designed, on the B. subtilis chromosome, a gene amplification of the 10.6 kb repeating unit containing amyE, aleE (alkaline elastase Ya-B gene) and tmrB. The aleE was inserted between amyE and tmrB, and B. subtilis APT119 strain was transformed with this amyE-aleE-tmrB-junction region fragment. As a result, we succeeded in obtaining tunicamycin-resistant (Tm$^{r}$) transformants (Tf-1, Tf-2) in which the designed gene amplification of 10.6 kb occurred in chromosome. The transformants showed high productivity of $\alpha $-amylase and alkaline elastase Ya-B. The copy number of the repeating unit (amyE-aleE-tmrB) was estimated to be 25, but plasmid vector (pUC19) was not integrated. The amplified aleE of chromosome was more stable than that of plasmid in absence of antibiotics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.163-168
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• 1987

The underwater observation of the ambient noise and the noise generated by the engine revolution in a ship was carried out in July to August, 1984, 1985 and 1987, near around some ports and in the Eastern Sea of Korea. Vertical distribution of the sound pressure of both noises were observed and the spectrum characteristics were analysed and compared. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Sound pressure level of the ambient noise at 5m deep layer in calm sea condition (wind speed 0-2m/s) near around the ports were observed as 108dB at the eastern part of Pusan port, 106dB at the southern part of Pusan port and 101dB at Kuryongpo port. It shows that the level near around the large port which contains much noisy resources is higher than the small port. The level at 5m deep layer in the open sea, in the mid-region between Korean Peninsula and Ulnung Island was observed as 100dB. It mean that the level in the open sea is lower than that around the ports. The level at 20m and 70m deep layer were 1-2dB lower than that at 5m deep layer, and that at deeper layer than 100m was almost constantly 100dB around. 2. Sound pressure level of the ambient noise at 5m deep layer in windy open sea condition (wind speed 10-15m/s) was 108dB, and was gradually decreased in accordance with the increase of depth with representing 100dB at 70m deep layer and that at deeper layer was almost constantly 100dB. The level of the noise generated by engine revolution was 146, 125, 112, 110, 104dB at 5, 50, 100, 150 and 200m deep layer respectively. It means that the level decrease with the depth. 3. Spectrum level of the ambient noise at 5m deep layer with the frequency band of 10 Hz, 100 Hz, 1 KHz, 10 KHz, in the windy sea condition were 86, 75, 61, 32dB respectively and the level of the noise generated by engine revolution was 105, 95, 86, 55dB respectively. It means that the latter are about 20dB higher than the former. The level of the former at 200m deep layer was 80, 68, 47, 26dB and the latter 82, 70, 59, 31dB. It means that the latter are about 4dB higher than the former.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.98-106
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• 2004

The dietary vitamin $B_6$ intake of 185 Korean children aged 7-12 years (y), who showed no health problems, in the Seoul area and its sources were estimated using a modified Korean vitamin $B_6$ database. The age and sex of each subject was classified according to the classifications in the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Dietary vitamin $B_6$ intake and food sources were estimated using the three-day recall method with the help of a trained interviewer. Food portion sizes were estimated by using standard household measures and published average portion sizes. The average daily vitamin $B_6$ intake was 1.69$\pm$0.50 mg/d in children aged 7-9 y, 1.86$\pm$0.44 mg/d in male children aged 10-12 y and 1.77$\pm$0.62 mg/d in female children aged 10-12 y. Less than 5% of the subjects consumed less than the Korean RDA of vitamin $B_6$. The average ratio of vitamin $B_6$intake to daily protein intake was 0.028$\pm$0.006 mg/g in children aged 7-9 y, 0.028$\pm$0.004 mg/g in male children aged 10-12 y and 0.029$\pm$0.007 mg/g in female children aged 10-12 y. The intake of vitamin $B_6$ was significantly (p<.01) positively correlated to the intake of all other nutrients. Foods from animal and plant sources provided 37% and 73% respectively, of total vitamin $B_6$. Major dietary sources of vitamin $B_6$ in children in the Seoul area were rice, soybean sprouts, pork, beef, cereal, kimchi, milk, onions, and potatoes. As for major dietary sources of vitamin $B_6$, the top 20 foods provided nearly 73-75% of the total vitamin $B_6$ consumed by Korean children.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 2014

Field and nutrient cultures of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) were used to establish foliar symptoms related to boron (B) concentration in leaves and soils, and to evaluate radish as a time-saving model system for B nutrition. Application of excess B, 8 kg/ha versus the recommended 1.5 kg/ha, to field plantings of 2-, 3-, and 4-yr-old American ginseng plants just prior to crop emergence caused, within 4 wk after crop emergence, leaf symptoms of chlorosis followed by necrosis starting at the tips and progressing along the margins. The B concentration in leaves of 2-4-yr-old plants receiving 1.5 kg/ha Bwas $30{\mu}g/g$ dry mass compared to $460{\mu}g/g$ dry mass where 8 kg/ha B was applied. Similarly, B concentration in soils receiving the lower B concentration was 1.8 mg/g dry mass and $2.2-2.8{\mu}g/g$ dry mass where the higher B concentration was applied. Application of 8 kg/ha B reduced the dry yield of 3rd-yr roots by 20% from 2745 kg/ha to 2196 kg/ha and 4th-yr roots by 26% from 4130 kg/ha to 3071 kg/ha. Ginseng seedlings and radish were grown under greenhouse conditions in nutrient culture with four B concentrations ranging from 0 mg/L to 10 mg/L. At 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L ginseng and radish developed typical leaf B toxicity symptoms similar to those described above for field-grown plants. Increasing B in the nutrient solution from 0.5 mg/L to 10 mg/L decreased, in a linear fashion, the root and leaf dry mass of ginseng, but not radish. Given the many similarities of ginseng and radish to B utilization, radish might be used as a timesaving model system for the study of B, and other micronutrients, in the slow-growing perennial ginseng.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2015

Trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12-CLA) has been shown to participate in the regulation of anti-inflammatory effects. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of t10c12-CLA on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-${\kappa}B$) activation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and to determine whether these effects were associated with change of intracellular calcium ion ($Ca^{2+}$). ROS production was increased in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and this effect was suppressed by 1,2-bis-(o-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM), a calcium chelator. t10c12-CLA suppressed ROS production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, which was further more decreased by treatment with BAPTA/AM. These indicated that t10c12-CLA decreases $Ca^{2+}$-dependent ROS production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Similarly, NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 DNA binding activity and NO production were decreased by treatment with either t10c12-CLA, BAPTA/AM, or t10c12-CLA and BAPTA/AM combination. However, there were no differences between t10c12-CLA and BAPTA/AM treatment in NO production of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. These data indicate that t10c12-CLA inhibits the increases in ROS and NO production and the NF-${\kappa}B$ activation in LPS-stimulated condition. These results suggested that CLA exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects by suppression of LPS-induced ROS and NO production, and NF-${\kappa}B$ activationn via $Ca^{2+}$-dependent pathway.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.27-30
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• 2024

As a member of ectomycorrhizal fungi, Tricholoma matsutake has a symbiotic relationship with its host, Pinus densiflora. To cultivate T. matsutake artificially, the co-cultivation of T. matsutake mycelia and bacteria from shiro was introduced. In this study, bacteria were isolated from soil samples in Bonghwa-gun, and seven bacterial isolates (B22_7_B05, B22_7_B06, B22_7_B07, B22_7_B08, B22_7_B10, B22_7_B13, and B22_7_B14) promoted the growth of T. matsutake mycelia (147.48, 232.11, 266.72, 211.43, 175.17, 154.62, and 177.92%, respectively). Sequencing of the 16S rRNA region of the isolated bacteria was performed. B22_7_B05 and B22_7_B10 were identified as Bacillus toyonensis, B22_7_B06 and B22_7_B08 as Paenibacillus taichungensis, B22_7_B07 and B22_7_B14 as P. gorilla, and B22_7_B13 as P. odorifer. These bacterial isolates were associated with the shiro community and are expected to contribute to the cultivation of T. matsutake.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2021

This study was performed to clarify the whitening effects of anthricin on the B16F10 cell line. In order to elucidate the whitening effects of anthricin on the B16F10 cell line, cell viability, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expressions, tyrosinase activity assay, and melanin production assay were measured. The effects of anthricin on tyrosinase-related protein 1(TYRP1)/TYRP2/tyrosinase (TYR)/microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) mRNA expressions and melanin content were determined. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed that anthricin decreased the mRNA expression level of TYRP1/TYRP2/TYR/MITF genes and melanin production contents than α-MSH-treated B16F10 cells. The tyrosinase activity assay revealed that anthricin decreased the melanin production on the B16F10 cells. These data show that anthricin increases the whitening effects on the B16F10 cells; thus, anthricin is a potent ingredient for skin whitening. Thus, further research on the mechanism of action of anthricin for the development of not only cosmetics, but also healthy food and medicine should be investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.122-125
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• 1994

The magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B alloys of containing 4 at.% Nd have been studied for the development of new type rare-earth magnets. The amorphous phase of a melt-spun $Nd_{4}Fe_{85.5}B_{10.5}$ alloy is transformed into the phases which have a small amount of $Nd_{2}Fe_{14}B_{1}$ in ${\alpha}-Fe$ matrix by annealing above their crystallization temperature. The addition of Mo, Nb, V or Cu to $Nd_{4}Fe_{85.5}B_{10.5}$ alloy results in the reduction of grain size and the sub¬sequent improvement of the coercivity. The coercivity of $Nd_{4}Fe_{82}B_{10}M_{3}Cu_{1}$(M = Mo, Nb, V) alloys increases in the order of M = V < Nb < Mo and shows the highest value of 2.7 kOe when M = Mo. On the other hand, the rem¬anence of these alloys shows the opposite trend and the rn>st improved value of 1.35 T is observed when M = V.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2014

Effects of neutron irradiation on the superconducting properties of the undoped $MgB_2$ and the carbon(C)-doped $MgB_2$ bulk superconductors, prepared by an in situ reaction process using Mg and B powder, were investigated. The prepared $MgB_2$ samples were neutron-irradiated at the neutron fluence of $10^{16}-10^{18}n/cm^2$ in a Hanaro nuclear reactor of KAERI involving both fast and thermal neutron. The magnetic moment-temperature (M-T) and magnetization-magnetic field (M-H) curves before/after irradiation were obtained using magnetic property measurement system (MPMS). The superconducting critical temperature ($T_c$) and transition width were estimated from the M-T curves and critical current density ($J_c$) was estimated from the M-H curves using a Bean's critical model. The $T_cs$ of the undoped $MgB_2$ and C-doped $MgB_2$ before irradiation were 36.9-37.0 K and 36.6-36.8 K, respectively. The $T_cs$ decreased to 33.2 K and 31.6 K, respectively after irradiation at neutron fluence of $7.16{\times}10^{17}n/cm^2$, and decreased to 22.6 K and 24.0 K, respectively, at $3.13{\times}10^{18}n/cm^2$. The $J_c$ cross-over was observed at the high magnetic field of 5.2 T for the undoped $MgB_2$ irradiated at $7.16{\times}10^{17}n/cm^2$. The $T_c$ and $J_c$ variation after the neutron irradiation at various neutron fluences were explained in terms of the defect formation in the superconducting matrix by neutron irradiation.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.697-705
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to examine ozonation disinfection efficiency for Escherichia coli DH5alpha removal, containing the multi-resistance plasmid pB10 as well as chlorination disinfection efficiency. In addition, plasmid pB10 removal rates were estimated by ozonation and chlorination. The removal efficiency of pB10 via ozonation was about 2 to 4 times higher than chlorination. High removal efficiency of pB10 is likely due to OH radical produced during ozonation. These results suggest that integration of advanced oxidation process such as ozonation (or photocatalytic oxidation) with conventional disinfection such as chlorination may be needed for effective control of antibiotic resistant bacteria and genetic materials.