• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.338-350
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• 2007

The objectives of this study were to analyze nutrition-related problems and to develop the nutrition education programs for high school students A survey was conducted with 500 students in the second grade level at high schools in Daegu who differed in socio-economic characteristics. In addition, body composition analysis was accomplished by the Inbody 3.0. The developed questionnaires were distributed and 481 questionnaires were collected with a 96.2% of response rate. Statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS WIN(ver.12.0) for descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, t-tests and $X^2$-tests. We first analyzed students' problems related to nutrition and environmental factors. In a question addressing skipping breakfast, only 11.5% answered they "do not eat" breakfast. In regards to BMI, the male students' degree of obesity was higher. Second, we analyzed living environments, which greatly influence dietary behavior. For the snacks-related categories, most of the students liked bread, cake and other snacks. When they chose the snacks, they mainly considered taste. There were significant difference among the males and females(p<.01) in terms of snacks intake habits, where 43.1 % of the males answered they snack "occasionally" and 43.4% of the females answered they snack "according to how they feel". In the case of beverages, the males consumed significantly more(p<.001). Based on their regional groups, the area A group preferred milk and milk products, and the area B group preferred soft drinks. As for the time of beverage intake, 77.6% of the females answered "with snacks", which was significantly higher than 61.4% of the males(p<.001), 12.2% of the males drank beverages after exercise. For late snacking, 68.0% of the male students and 71.1 % of the female students consumed late snacks. Most of them preferred bread, cake and other snacks. The reasons for taking a late snack were "when I feel hungry" by 61.8% of the males which was higher than the females(p<.001), 23.6% of the females consumed late snacks "impulsively". Ideally, in order to improve the food habits of high school students effective and practical nutrition education programs that consider gender and regional school group, should be carried out.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.63-86
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• 2005

Purpose: This study is a descriptive research which is designed to investigate hospitalized patients' intent to use home care nursing according to the types of medical security. Method: This researcher surveyed 236 patients who were hospitalized at B medical center located in Busan,. Data were collected from Sep. 1 to Nov. 30, 2005 using a questionnaire survey, medical records, face-to-face interviews and observations. Collected data were analyzed in terms of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation through $x^2$-test and t-test under SPSS WIN 10.0 Program. Result: Out of the total subjects, 59.3% were medical aid clients and the remaining 40.7%, health insurance ones. The hospitalized period and frequency of the former group were 38.0 days and 4.0 times, respectively, while those of the latter, 37.7 and 3.4. When home care nursing clients were examined using a given classification device, it was found that out of the total 236 subjects, 205(86.9%) were needed to receive home care nursing, 121, medical aid and the other 84, health insurance. 24.0% of medical aid clients heard about home care nursing ever before, lower than 39.3% of health insurance clients. 43.8% of the former clients said cost for home care nursing was high while, 47.6% of the latter group responded expense for the nursing intervention was low. 30.6% of medical aid clients had intent to use home care nursing, lower than 47.6% of health insurance clients. 71.7% of those patients whose monthly income was 99 million won or below had no intent to use home care nursing, higher than 62.5% of those who were 100 million or over in monthly income(p<.05). 76.4% of those clients who had no nursing provider intented to use home care nursing, higher than those who had nursing provider(p<.05). Concerning contents of home care nursing, 85.1% of medical aid clients needed education, training and counseling while, 77.4% of health insurance aids wanted medication and injection. Conclusion: In conclusion, the use of home care nursing by medical aid clients should be promoted through improving conditions for home care nursing in terms of expense, family and residence and making public relations about activities and contents of the home care nursing.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2015

Objectives: Rheum undulatum L. has traditionally been used for the treatment of many diseases in Asia. However, its anti-proliferative activity in cancer has still not been studied. In the present study, we investigated the anti-cancer effects of methanol extract of Rheum undulatum L. (MERL) on human adenocarcinoma gastric cell lines (AGS). Methods: To investigate the anti-cancer effect of MERL on AGS cells, we treated the AGS cells with varying concentrations of MERL and performed 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Cell cycle analyses, measurements of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), caspase activity assays and Western blots were conducted to determine whether AGS cell death occurred by apoptosis. Results: Treatment with MERL significantly inhibited growth of AGS cells in a concentration dependent manner. MERL treatment in AGS cells leaded to increased accumulation of apoptotic sub G1 phase cells in a concentration dependent manner. In control cultures, 5.38% of the cells were in the sub G1 phase. In MERL treated cells, however, this percentage was significantly increased (9.95% at $70{\mu}g/mL$, 15.94% at $140{\mu}g/mL$, 26.56% at $210{\mu}g/mL$ and 38.08% at $280{\mu}g/mL$). MERL treatment induced the decreased expression of pro-caspase-8 and -9 in a concentration dependent manner, whereas the expression of the active form of caspase-3 was increased. A subsequent Western blot analysis revealed increased cleaved levels of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein. Also, treatment with MERL increased the activities of caspase-3 and -9 compared with the control. MERL treatment increased the levels of the pro-apoptotic truncated Bid (tBid) and Bcl2 Antagonist X (Bax) proteins and decreased the levels of the anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein, whose is the stabilization of mitochondria. However, inhibitions of p38, extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERKs) and C-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) by MERL treatment did not affect cell death. Conclusion: These results suggest that MERL mediated cell death is associated with an intrinsic apoptotic pathway in AGS cells.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.418-425
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate correlations between bone mineral density (BMD) and dietary and non-dietary factors in female college students. The BMD of the subjects (n = 38) was measured using DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) at lumbar spine and three femoral sites including femoral neck, ward's triangle, and femoral trochanter. Three-day 24-hour dietary recall data were collected from each subject to assess consumption levels of nutrients and food groups. The mean (${\pm}SD$) values of age, age of menarche, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fat mass, and % body fat of the subjects were 21.34 (${\pm}1.73$) years, 13.1 (${\pm}1.2$) years, 161.3 (${\pm}5.0$) cm, 53.7 (${\pm}7.2$) kg, 20.6 (${\pm}2.6$) $kg/m^2$, 0.80 (${\pm}0.04$), 15.4 (${\pm}4.4$) kg, and 28.2 (${\pm}4.7$), respectively. The BMD values of lumbar spine, femoral neck, ward's triangle, and femoral trochanter as T-value were $1.150{\pm}0.13\;g/cm^2$, $0.932{\pm}0.11\;g/cm^2$, $0.850{\pm}0.13\;g/cm^2$, and $0.721{\pm}0.10\;g/cm^2$, respectively. The daily mean energy intake of the subjects was 1660.6 kcal. The intake levels of carbohydrate, calcium, iron, vitamin C, and folic acid were lower than the KDRIs, while those of fat, phosphorus, sodium, vitamin A, and vitamin $B_6$ were higher than the KDRIs. Significantly negative correlation were detected between consumption of fat and oils and the BMD of all sites measured (p < 0.05). Potato and starch intake was negatively correlated to the BMD of femoral neck and word's triangle (p < 0.05). The intake of cereals was found to be negatively correlated to the BMD of ward's triangle (p v 0.05). There was also negative correlation of intake of soybeans and products with the BMD of lumbar spine (p < 0.05). Weight and muscle mass were positively correlated to the BMD of both lumbar spine and femurs (p < 0.01). Significantly positive correlations between BMI, and fat mass and the BMD of lumbar spine were observed (p < 0.001). Additionally fat mass was positively correlated to the BMD of femoral neck. WHR and % body fat were positively correlated to the BMD of lumbar spine (p < 0.05). Negative correlation was found between a serum calcium level and the BMD of femoral neck (p < 0.05). In summary non-dietary factors generally showed significant correlations with the BMD of lumbar spine, while several dietary factors showed significant correlations with the BMD of femurs.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.79-94
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to : (a) analyze university students' perception and patronage behaviors to the service quality dimensions, and (b) assist university residence hall foodservices in formulating improved managerial strategies. Questionnaires were hand delivered and mailed to 1,210 university students residing in the residence hall and 13 foodservice managers. A total of 1,011 was usable; resulting in 83.6% response rate. The survey was conducted between October, 1998 and May, 1999. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SAS/Win 6.12 for Descriptive Analysis, $x^2-test$, T-test, ANOVA, and Stepwise Multiple Regression. Forty-seven percent of the respondents indicated that 'taste' was their first priority when choosing a menu. The reasons behind choosing residence hall foodservice were 'location', 'board plan', 'price', 'taste', 'opening hours', and 'menu variety'. The main reasons of dissatisfaction with the residence hall foodservice were 'board plan', 'taste', 'menu variety'. The overall satisfaction score was 2.99 out of 5. The satisfaction score of ${\ulcorner}convenience{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}food\;quality{\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}menu\;variety{\lrcorner}$were 3.25, 2.94 and 2.76, respectively. Generally, male students were more satisfied than females. Graduate students and students living in residence halls over six semesters were the most dissatisfied with the residence hall foodservice. Residence hall students were dissatisfied with the variables ${\ulcorner}menu\;variety{\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}facilities{\lrcorner}$in 'self-operated' operations, whereas ${\ulcorner}food\;quality{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}menu\;variety{\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}price{\lrcorner}$ in 'contracted' operations. Foodservice operations with 'less than 1,000 meals serving per day' was the highest satisfaction score(3.36) among other serving sizes. Meal price with 'less than 1,300 won' was most satisfied with students. When overall customer satisfaction and service quality dimensions were analyzed by Stepwise Multiple Regression ${\ulcorner}food\;quality{\lrcorner}$(p<.001), ${\ulcorner}price{\lrcorner}$(p<.001), ${\ulcorner}facilities{\lrcorner}$(p<.001), ${\ulcorner}convenience{\lrcorner}$(p<.001), ${\ulcorner}menu\;variety{\lrcorner}$(p<.001), ${\ulcorner}manager's\;attitude{\lrcorner}$(p<.0l), and ${\ulcorner}atmosphere{\lrcorner}$(p<.01), in decreasing order, significantly impacted on ${\ulcorner}overall\;customer\;satisfaction{\lrcorner}$.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제4권
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• pp.1-20
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• 2003

This study was not intended to analyze out the realities of the safety accidents in school. The purpose of this study was to find out the personality of elementary school students in 6th grade and analyze the relationship between the personality of elementary school students and the safety accidents in the school. We made a visit 12 elementary school personally in the B city of Gyeonggi Province and gave out 552 questionaries in order to accomplish the purpose of this study. And we analyzed the 501 answer data except the unfittable data 51 sheets-in case of no answer or untruthfulness. The inspection of the personality used the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) and the questionnaires of the safety accidents in the school were reorganized of the questionnaires which were used in Chun-Ok, Joen(1997) and One-Yong, Kim(1999)'s study to correspond with our purpose of study. Answer sheets were gone through the t and x2 test by using the program of SPPS. First, elementary school students are in the formative period in the life of a man. So many students's personality was in the middle group rather than in high and low group. In regard of the distintion between the boy students and the girl students, the boy students had higher score in Psychoticism(P) but the girl students had higher score in Neutroticism(N). And Lie(L) was showing a little more score in the girl students. Second, there was significant difference in the investigation of safety accidents in school according to sex distinction. 1) Comparing the boy students and the girl students, the rate of accidents was higher in boy rather than girl. And there was significant difference. 2) Comparing the grade of the school, the rate of accidents was higher in upper grade than lower grade both girls and boys. 3) In the kind of accidents, the traumatic Injuries were very popular and the next were contusions. There was significant difference in the traumatic injury and nosebleed. 4) The results of injured parts showed that the injuries of foot, leg, hand, arm hold a large majority. And there was a significant difference in head, face, foot, leg and etc. 5) Most accidents broke out during the break time and then accidents happened after school were the next. The flowings were lunch time and class time. There was a significant difference in accidents happened during the class, break time and lunch time. 6) Comparing the subjects, the most accidents broke out in the class of physics. 7) Among the cause of accidents, one's own carelessness was showing the highest rate. There was a significant distintion in the fight and game. 8) The safety accidents took place most in playground, and there was a significant difference. 9) Being slight wound was showing almost in the degrees of damage. And there was a significant difference. Third, the boy students were not showing the significant difference in relation to the personality, the frequency of accidents and the degrees of damage. But the girl students were showing the significant difference in relation to the Extraversion-Introversion(E) and the frequency of accidents. And there were a significant difference between E and N. Also they were showing the intense damages.

• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2003년도 제3회 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.84-84
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• 2003

DNA methylation is involved in epigenetic processes such as X-chromosome inactivation, imprinting and silencing of transposons. DNA methylation is a highly plastic and critical component of mammalian development The DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) are responsible for the generation of genomic methylation patterns, which lead to transcriptional silencing. The maintenance DNA methyltransferase enzyme, Dnmt 1, and the de novo methyltransferase, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b, are indispensable for development because mice homozygous for the targeted disruption of any of these genes are not viable. The occurrence of DNA methylation is not random, and it can result in gene silencing The mechanisms underlying these processes are poorly understood. It is well established that DNA methylation and histone deacetylation operate along a common mechanistic pathway to repress transcription through the action of methyl-binding domain proteins (MBDs), which are components of, or recruit, histone deacetylase (HDAC) complexes to methylated DNA. As a basis for future studies on the role of the DNA-methyl-transferase in porcine development, we have isolated and characterized a partial cDNA coding for the porcine Dnmt1. Total RNA of testis, lung and ovary was isolated with TRlzol according to the manufacture's specifications. 5 ug of total RNA was reverse transcribed with Super Script II in the presence of porcine Dnmt 1 specific primers. Standard PCRs were performed in a total volume of 50 ul with cDNA as template. Two DNA fragmenets in different position were produced about 700bp, 1500bp and were cloned into pCR II-TOPO according to the manufacture's specification. Assembly of all sequences resulted in a cDNA from 158bp of 5'to 4861bp of 3'compare with the known human maintenance methyltransferase. Now, we are cloning the unknown Dnmt 1 region by 5'-RACE method and expression of Dnmt 1 in tissues from adult porcine animals.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.523-531
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• 2006

연구배경: 결핵성 경부 림프절염은 우리나라에서 폐결핵만큼 빈도가 높은 질환이다. 이 질병에서 수지상돌기세포는 초기의 항원 제시역할을 하고 있다. 그러나 림프절염의 임상 양상과 관련된 항원제시세포의 역할은 아직 명확하게 밝혀져 있지 않은 상태이다. 경부 림프절의 수지상 돌기세포의 침윤과 임상양상과의 연관성을 알아보기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법: 환자들의 입원기록 및 방사선사진을 바탕으로 후향적으로 고찰하였다. 72례의 조직표본을 대상으로 항산균도말염색을 다시 시행하였고, 수지상돌기세포의 단클론항체로 S-100b를 이용하여 면역조직 화학염색을 시행한 후, 각각 결핵성 육아종안의 수지상돌기세포의 수를 세어 비교분석하였다. 결 과: 결핵성 경부 림프절염이 있는 환자들의 30%가 폐결핵의 과거력이 있거나 현재 폐결핵을 앓고 있는 상태이었고 21%의 환자에서 항산균도말염색양성을 보였다. 이들 한 육아종안에 침윤된 수지상돌기세포의 수는 평균 $113.0{\pm}7.0$개이었다. 육아종내 수지상돌기세포의 침윤수가 증가됨에 따라 발열과 기침의 빈도는 감소하였고 항산균도말염색상에서 결핵균의 수가 더 감소하는 결과를 보였으며, 다중로짓회귀분석을 보면, 수지상돌기세포의 침윤은 특징적으로 발열에 기여하여하는 것으로 나타났다. 결 론: 수지상돌기세포가 결핵성 경부 림프절염에서 발열과 기침 등의 전신증상을 줄이고, 결핵균의 침윤정도를 감소시키는 것으로 확인되었고, 이는 수지상돌기세포가 Mycobacterium tuberculosis의 감염을 조절하고 이와 함께 면역반응도 조절하여, 결핵성 경부 림프절염에서의 임상양상을 결정하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2001

본 실험은 phospholipase C (PLC)-$\beta$-3 및 peroxiredoxin (Prx) II 유전자가 적중 ($\Delta$)된 J1 마우스 배아주 (embryonic stem) 세포로부터 생식선이행 카이미라 마우스생산을 위한 제반조건 및 배아주세포의 배양조건을 확립하기 위하여 수행되었다. 80% 이상의 정상핵형을 보이는 유전자 적중된 4개의 클론 ($\Delta$Pu II C3, $\Delta$Pu II C3, C10 및 15)으로부터 카이미라를 생산하였을 때 형태적으로 분화정도가 높은 클론 ($\Delta$PLC$\beta$-3 C3)의 이용은 카이미라의 생산율 (21.1%)과는 무관하게 카이미리즘 (＜ 20%)이 낮았고, 수컷 카이미라의 생산 빈도 (7/15, 46%)도 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 형태적으로 안정된 3개의 클론 ($\Delta$Prx II C3, C10 및 15)은 80% 이상의 높은 카이미리즘을 지닌 마우스 (9/13, 69.2%)를 생산하였고, 수컷 카이미라의 생산율 (l1/13, 84.6%)도 증대된 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 80% 이상의 정상핵형을 지닌 배아주 세포를 형태적으로 안정하게 유지하는 것이 카이미리즘이 높은 마우스를 생산하는데 결정적 요인으로 작용할 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 미세주입용 배반포를 효율적으로 생산하기 위해 5~10주령 사이의 C57BL/6J 암컷마우스를 교배 한 결과, 10주령 마우스가 미세주입가능한 3.5일령 배반포를 가장 많이 생산 (2.94개/마리)하였다. 또한 미세주입된 배반포를 이식하기 위해 ICR 및 ICR$\times$C57BL/6J F1 (IBF1)위임신 대리모를 사용하였을 때, IBF1이 복당 산자수 (2.8 vs. 5.6)가 많았고 카이미라 생산율 (0 vs. 35.3%)도 매우 높았다. 따라서 공여마우스의 주령 및 대리모의 선택이 카이미라 생산효율 향상에 중요한 요인으로 부각되었다. 결과적으로 핵형이 안정된 ES 세포를 동정하는 것은 물론 클로닝 과정중에 형태적으로 분화가 없도록 ES세포를 배양하는 것이 카이미리즘이 높은 마우스를 생산하고 아울러 생식선 이행 빈도를 증가시키는데 결정적인 역할을 하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2001

목적 : 침윤성 방광암 환자를 대상으로 TURBT (Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor)과 유도 항암화학요법(neoadjuvant MCV chemotherapy) 후 방사선 항암화학 병용요법(cisplatin chemotherapy and radiotherapy)을 받은 환자에서 치료의 적응도, 국소 반응율, 방광 보존율과 생존율을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1990년 10월부터 1998년 6월까지 TURBT 시행 후 병리 조직검사 상 침윤성 방광 이행상피암으로 진단 받은 병기 T2-T4, Grade II 환자 21명을 대상으로 하였다. 치료과정은 TURBT 후 4주 간격으로 2회의 유도 MCV(methotrexate, cisplatin, vinblastine) 복합 항암화학요법을 시행하고 그 후 cisplatin과 방사선 동시 병용요법을 시행하였다. 방사선치료는 $6\~15$ MV X-ray를 사용하여 하루 1.8 Gy씩 $39.6\~45\;Gy$를 전 골반에 $4\~5$주간에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 치료 종료 후 방광내시경을 통해 관해율을 판정하여 완전 관해인 경우 $1\~2$주 후 보강 방사선조사를 cisplatin과 병용하여 19.8 Gy를 시행하였다. 부분 관해인 경우 근치적 방광 절제술을 예정하였고 수술이 불가능한 경우에는 항암제 병용 강화 방사선치료를 받도록 하였다. 환자의 추적관찰기간은 $34\~67$개월로 중앙값이 49.5개월이었다. 결과 : 총 26명의 환자가 유도 항암화학요법을 위해 등록되었으며 유도 항암화학요법과 방사선 항암화학 병용요법을 완료한 환자는 21명$(81\%)$이었다. 유도 항암화학요법과 방사선 항암화학 병용요법 후 방광내시경을 통해 완전 관해 판정을 받은 환자는 21명 중 7명$(33\%)$이었고 부분 관해 환자는 14명$(67\%)$이었다. 완전 관해 환자 중 강화 항암제 병용 방사선 19.8 Gy를 받은 환자는 7명 중 6명$(85\%)$이었고, 이들 중 5명$(14\%)$은 재발 없이 방광을 보존하였다. 부분관해 환자중 1명이 근치적 방광적출술을 받았으며 3명이 TURBT와 2회의 MCV 항암요법을, 10명이 추가의 항암화학 방사선 병용요법을 받았다. 근치적 방광적출술을 받은 1명은 수술 소견상 방광 내 종양이 존재했으나 수술 후 재발이 없었다. 전체 21명의 환자중 12명$(58\%)$이 방광을 보존하면서 생존하고 있고 8명이 방광암으로 사망하였으며 1명이 다른 질병으로 사망하였다. 전체 환자의 중앙 생존기간은 27개월이며, 5년 생존율은 $55\%$ 였다. 유도 항암화학요법과 항암제 방사선치료 후 완전 관해 환자의 경우 5년 생존율은 $80\%$, 부분 관해 환자 $14\%$로 의미 있는 차이를 보였다(p=0.001). 유도 항암화학요법과 항암제 병용 방사선치료를 받은 환자에서 grade 3 이상의 혈액학적 부작용의 빈도는 각각 백혈구 감소증 6명$(29\%)$, 혈소판 감소증 1명$(4\%)$이었으며 이로 인한 화학요법의 지연은 1명$(4\%)$에서 관찰되었다. 결론 : 침윤성 방광암 환자에서 유도 항암화학요법 및 항암제 병용 방사선치료를 적용하여 방광 보존을 및 5년 생존율에 있어 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었다. 완전한 TURBT와 유도 MCV 항암요법과 cisplatin 방사선 병용요법에서 완전관해 여부가 방광보존가능성과 생존율에 영향을 미치는 요소로 생각되고 만약 완전관해를 이루지 못하면 근치적 방광적출술을 시행하는 것이 바람직할 것이다.