• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1093-1101
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• 2006

In the present study we studied the growth, photosynthetic traits and protective mechanisms against oxidative stress in the primary loaves of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings with or without UV-B treatment. Cucumber seedings were irradiated with UV-B for 10 days in environment-controlled growth chambers. The primary leaves irradiated with UV-B showed reduction in leaf length and decreased biomass production. The reduced biomass production seemed to be due to a negative effect of UV-B radiation on the photosynthetic process. Changes in chemical properties of leaf, such as chi a/b ratio affected photosynthesis. UV-B significantly affected chl b content compared with chi a in the light harvesting complex resulting reduced photosynthetic activity Fv/Fm decreased with an UV-B stress, suggesting that the photosynthetic apparatus, and particularly, PS II was damaged under UV-B stress. Malondialdehyde(MDA) concentration which represents the state of membrane lipid peroxidation Increased significantly under UV-B stress confirming an oxidative stress. UV-B exposure with SA solution(0.1-1.0 mM) can partially ameliorated some of the detrimental effects of UV-B stress. Leaf injuries including loss of chlorophyll and decreased ratio of Fv/Fm were reduced with combined application of UV-B and SA. ABA and JA showed similar mode of action in physiological effects on photosynthetic activities though the levels were lower than those from SA treated plants. Chloroplast ultrastructure was also affected by UV-B exposure. The thickness of leaf tissue components decreased and the number of grana and thylakoids was reduced in chloroplast applied UV-B or SA alone. At combined stress granal and stromal thylakoids were less affected. The leaves under combined stress acquired a significant tolerance to oxidative stress. From these results, it can be suggested that SA may have involved a protective role against UV-B induced oxidative damage.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.498-512
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• 2010

인트라 프레임 부호화 기술은 임의 접근성과 에러 확산 방지에 용이하기 때문에 비디오 부호화 기술의 필수적인 기술로 자리 잡고 있다. 그러나 인터 부호화 기술에 비해 낮은 부호화 효율이 문제점으로 지적되고 있다. H.264/AVC 인트라 부호화 방식은 기존 표준 방법들보다 부호화 효율을 크게 향상시켰지만 부호화 과정이 복잡하여 저 비트율 기반의 양방향 서비스에는 부적합하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 복호화기 측의 예측을 이용해 인트라 부호화 효율을 보다 향상시키며 부호화 시간을 단축시키는 V-IMBS (Voting-based Intra Mode Bit Skip)를 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 복호화기가 부호화기에서와 동일하게 최적의 인트라 예측 모드를 결정할 수 있으면 인트라 예측 모드를 전송하지 않는다. 그러나 최적의 인트라 예측 모드를 결정할 수 없을 경우에는 기존의 H.264/AVC 표준과 동일한 방식으로 인트라 예측 모드를 부호화하여 복호화기로 전송한다. V-IMBS는 H.264/AVC보다 시험 시퀀스에 대해 PSNR 값이 평균 약 0.24 dB 정도 향상되었고, 비트율도 평균 약 4.44% 정도 감소되었다. 또한 전체 부호화 시간도 평균 약 42.8% 정도 감소되었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권11C호
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• pp.1085-1097
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 VDL 모드-2 규격을 따르는 송신기와 수신기의 구조 및 설계방법 그리고 개발한 모뎀의 성능시험 결과에 대해 기술한다. VDL 모드-2에서 송신기 필터는 올림 코사인 필터를 사용하고 수신기에서는 일반 저역 통과 필터(LPF)를 사용(비 정합필터)하기 때문에 ISI 경감 효과는 없으나 스펙트럼 특성은 더 좋다. 이는 정합필터를 적용했을 경우보다 1~2 dB 정도의 BER 성능은 저하되나 협 대역 통신에서 이웃 채널에 간섭을 최소화하는 것이 더 중요하기 때문이다. 송신기에서 변조신호 생성 시 발생되는 아날로그 방식의 단점(I/Q 이득 불균형, DC 오프셋 등)을 최소화하기 위해 디지털 방식으로 생성하였으며 수신기도 디지털 IF 샘플링 기법을 통하여 디지털 하향변환기를 적용하였다. 본 논문은 기 제안된 일부 구조 및 알고리듬을 포함하며 모뎀 구성에 필요한 전반적인 구조와 설계 방법 그리고 모의실험 결과가 추가되었다. 개발된 모뎀은 VDR 장비에 통합되어 각종 기능 실험과 환경시험을 거친 후 지상통신시험을 실시하였고 비행통신시험결과 시속 870 km/h로 310 km까지 메시지 송수신이 정상적으로 이루어짐을 확인하였다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.151-166
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to understand what two models of SOLO taxonomy and van Hiele theory suggest and find out what relation there is between the category system of the SOLO taxonomy and the thinking level of the van Hiele theory. The van Hiele theory describes in line of ranking level so that it may increase the teaching effects by putting together a class, which takes into consideration the students thoughts. The SOLO taxonomy focused on the response mode of the students rather than the thinking level or the developmental stage of them to pursuit the method that can describe the students understanding in depth quality-wise. Although the SOLO taxonomy and the van Hiele model seem to have different form and character from outside in terms of their goals, a closer examination reveals that the two stances have much in common and that the models are complementary. Although the van Hiele placed more focus on the thoughts, because the conclusion was based on the students responses, the van Hiele theory can be interpreted within the structure identified in the SOLO model. In this study, we have tried to understand how the response structure form the SOLO taxonomy and the thinking level of the van Hiele theory are related, based on the studies of Pegg and Davery1998). If you briefly look at them, there are following corresponding relation between the SOLO taxonomy and the van Hiele theory. a) The relational level(R) in iconic moe is van Hiele level 1. b) The multisturctural level(M$_2$) in the second cycle of concrete-symbolic mode is van Hiel level 2. c) The relation level(R$_2$) in the second cycle of concrete-symbolic mode is van Hiele level 3. d) The unistructural level(U$_2$) in the second cycle of formal mode is van Hiele level 4. e) The postformal mode is van Hiele levle 5. Though it would be difficult to conclude that these correspondences were perfectly done, if you look at their relation, you can see that the learning process of the students were not carried out uniformly. Therefore, by studying the students response structure, using the SOLO taxonomy, and identifying the learning cycle and understand the geometrical concept more in depth.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.696-701
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• 2014

In this study, in order to develop coupled vibration mode piezoelectric devices for Acoustic Emission (abbreviated as AE) sensor application with outstanding displacement and piezoelectric properties have been simulated by ATILA FEM program. And, From the results of ATILA simulation, the AE sensor specimen, obtained superior electromechanical coupling factor and displacement, when the size of specimen is $3.45mm{\Phi}{\times}3.45mm$ with ratio of diameter/thickness(${\Phi}/T$)= 1.0. Therefore, AE sensor was fabricated by (Na,K,Li)(Nb,Ta) $O_3$(abbreviated as NKL-NT) system piezoelectric ceramics using coupled vibration mode. The piezoelectric properties of NKL-NT ceramics was exhibited that piezoelectric constant($d_{33}$), piezoelectric voltage constant($g_{33}$) and electro mechanical coupling factor($k_p$) have the excellent values of 261[pC/N], 40.10[$10^{-3}Vm/N$], and 0.44, respectively. The manufactured piezoelectric device with ratio of ${\Phi}/T$= 1.0 indicated the optimum values of resonant frequency(fr)= 556.5[kHz], antiresonant frequency(fa)=631.1[kHz], and effective electromechanical coupling factor(keff)= 0.473. The maximum sensitivity of the coupled vibration mode AE sensor was 55[dB] at the resonant frequency of 75[kHz]. The results show that the coupled vibration mode piezoelectric device is a promising candidate for the application AE sensor piezoelectric device.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2007

The efficiency of the hybrid systems which are composed of compound planetary gear sets depend on the amount of the recirculating energy among the motors and battery. This paper studies the analysis of the system efficiency with the parameters, ${\alpha},\;{\beta},\;{\gamma_a},\;{\gamma_b}$ and $\gamma_s$. The efficiency of the systems and the relative torque, speed and power of the power resources are represented by these parameters. The recuperating parameter $\kappa$ which makes the systems generalized is introduced, so the efficiencies of the modes such as the hybrid mode, the engine mode, the motoring mode and the recuperating mode are analyzed with simple equations. The tendency of the system efficiency according to the variations of the $\gamma_s$ and $\kappa$ are studied, by which it can be possible to reduce the loss of the power because the strategies for avoiding the singular speed ratio $\gamma_s$ are helpful for the system efficiency and specific value of $\kappa$ can increase the efficiency of the systems.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2018

블록암호 알고리듬 ARIA, AES를 기반으로 GCM (Galois/Counter Mode) 인증암호를 지원하는 암호 프로세서를 경량화 구현하였다. 설계된 암호 프로세서는 블록암호를 위한 128 비트, 256 비트의 두 가지 키 길이와 5가지의 기밀성 운영모드 (ECB, CBC, OFB, CFB, CTR)도 지원한다. 알고리듬 특성을 기반으로 ARIA와 AES를 단일 하드웨어로 통합하여 구현하였으며, CTR 암호연산과 GHASH 연산의 효율적인 동시 처리를 위해 $128{\times}12$ 비트의 부분 병렬 GF (Galois field) 곱셈기를 적용하여 전체적인 성능 최적화를 이루었다. ARIA/AES-GCM 인증암호 프로세서를 FPGA로 구현하여 하드웨어 동작을 확인하였으며, 180 nm CMOS 셀 라이브러리로 합성한 결과 60,800 GE로 구현되었다. 최대 동작 주파수 95 MHz에서 키 길이에 따라 AES 블록암호는 1,105 Mbps와 810 Mbps, ARIA 블록암호는 935 Mbps와 715 Mbps, 그리고 GCM 인증암호는 138~184 Mbps의 성능을 갖는 것으로 평가되었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.1195-1211
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• 2016

The emerging video coding standard High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) has shown almost 40% bit-rate reduction over the state-of-the-art Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard but at about 40% computational complexity overhead. The main reason for HEVC computational complexity is the inter prediction that accounts for 60%-70% of the whole encoding time. In this paper, we propose several fast coding unit (CU) encoding schemes based on the Merge mode and motion estimation information to reduce the computational complexity caused by the HEVC inter prediction. Firstly, an early Merge mode decision method based on motion estimation (EMD) is proposed for each CU size. Then, a Merge mode based early termination method (MET) is developed to determine the CU size at an early stage. To provide a better balance between computational complexity and coding efficiency, several fast CU encoding schemes are surveyed according to the rate-distortion-complexity characteristics of EMD and MET methods as a function of CU sizes. These fast CU encoding schemes can be seamlessly incorporated in the existing control structures of the HEVC encoder without limiting its potential parallelization and hardware acceleration. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed schemes achieve 19%-46% computational complexity reduction over the HEVC test model reference software, HM 16.4, at a cost of 0.2%-2.4% bit-rate increases under the random access coding configuration. The respective values under the low-delay B coding configuration are 17%-43% and 0.1%-1.2%.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2015

PURPOSE. The aim was to evaluate the effect of curing mode and different dentin surface pretreatment on microtensile bond strength (${\mu}TBS$) of self-adhesive resin cements. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty-six extracted human permanent molars were sectioned horizontally exposing flat dentin surface. The teeth were divided into 12 groups (3 teeth/group) according to the dentin surface pretreatment methods (control, 18% EDTA, 10% Polyacrylic acid) and curing mode (self-curing vs. light-curing) of cement. After pretreatment, composite resin blocks were cemented with the following: (a) G-CEM LinkAce; (b) RelyX U200, followed by either self-curing or light-curing. After storage, the teeth were sectioned and ${\mu}TBS$ test was performed using a microtensile testing machine. The data was statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Student T-test and Scheffe's post-hoc test at P<.05 level. RESULTS. For G-CEM LinkAce cement groups, polyacrylic acid pretreatment showed the highest ${\mu}TBS$ in the self-cured group. In the light-cured group, no significant improvements were observed according to the dentin surface pretreatment. There were no significant differences between curing modes. Both dentin surface pretreatment methods helped to increase the ${\mu}TBS$ of RelyX U200 resin cement significantly and degree of pretreatment effect was similar. No significant differences were found regarding curing modes except control groups. In the comparisons of two self-adhesive resin cements, all groups within the same pretreatment and curing mode were significantly different excluding self-cured control groups. CONCLUSION. Selecting RelyX U200 used in this study and application of dentin surface pretreatment with EDTA and polyacrylic acid might be recommended to enhance the bond strength of cement to dentin.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.849-863
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 훨씬 간단하고 직교 다항식이 아니더라도 단지 기하학적 경계 조건만을 만족하는 단순 급수함수(simplified series function)와 Rayleigh-Ritz met- hod를 이용하여 동방성 및 복합재료 직각삼각형에 대하여 수렴성을 검토하고, 경계조 건의 변화와 직교이방성 재료의 물성치 E$_{1}$, E$_{2}$, G, .nu.$_{12}$의 변화와 기 하학적 형상비 .alpha.=b/a의 변화가 무차원 고유진동수에 대해 얼마나 영향을 미치는지를 조사하고, 각 mode 별 nodal patterns과 mode shapes의 변화를 시각적으로 제시하여 보이므로써, 유사한 문제를 단순화시켜 효율적으로 해석 할수 있음을 보이고자 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 두개의 직각좌표가 경계에서 동시에 변하는 가장 간단하면서도 대표적인 직각 삼각형에 대해서 논하고, 앞으로 모든 임의의 형상에 대해서도 확장할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하고자 한다.다.