• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1169-1176
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• 2010

The RF front-end for L1/L2 dual-band Global Positioning System(GPS) receiver is presented in this paper. The RF front-end(down-converter) using low IF architecture consists of a wideband low noise amplifier(LNA), a current mode logic(CML) frequency divider and a I/Q down-conversion mixer with a poly-phase filter for image rejection. The current bleeding technique is used in the LNA and mixer to obtain the high gain and solve the head-room problem. The common drain feedback is adopted for low noise amplifier to achieve the wideband input matching without inductors. The fabricated RF front-end using $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process shows a gain of 38 dB for L1 and 41 dB for L2 band. The measured IIP3 is -29 dBm in L1 band and -33 dBm in L2 band, The input return loss is less than -10 dB from 50 MHz to 3 GHz. The measured noise figure(NF) is 3.81 dB for L1 band and 3.71 dB for L2 band. The image rejection ratio is 36.5 dB. The chip size of RF front end is $1.2{\times}1.35mm^2$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.399-404
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• 2009

The goal of this study was to improve the quality of cheonggukjang by the optimization of the inoculation methods of the Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) strains. In order to optimize the mixed cultivation of B. subtilis and L. plantarum, the B. subtilis strain was inoculated into steamed soybeans after cultivation of L. plantarum. Inoculation size of B. subtilis was changed to the simultaneous inoculation method in order to stimulate the growth of the L. plantarum in cheonggukjang. The viable cell count of L. plantarum increased from $2{\times}10^7$ CFU/g to $2-6{\times}10^8$ CFU/g and B. subtilis grew to $9{\times}10^8$ CFU/g. These results showed that 2 strains were successfully able to grow in the steamed soybean for good quality of cheonggukjang by optimization of the inoculation methods. The sensory evaluation indicated that a favorable aroma and overall acceptance of cheonggukjang by the optimized mixed cultivation of B. subtilis and L. plantarum, which was relatively higher than those of cheonggukjang by single strain inoculation of B. subtilis.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.838-844
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• 2000

For the fabrication of titanium diboride($TiB_2$)- based cermet as applications of cutting tools and wear resistant materials, a binder metal with good mechanical properties and sinterability is essential. In this study, SUS316L was chosen for the binder metal to obtain a new $TiB_2$ cermet with superior hardness and toughness.$TiB_2$-SUS316L cermets were densified to relative density of more than 99% by pressureless sintering at temperature above $1650^{\circ}C$ The flexural strength was up to 1290MPa at 10vo1%SUS316L cermet in spite of the formation of $Fe_2$B phase during the sintering. The fracture toughness was obtained up to $6MPam^{1/2}$ with Victors hardness over 18Gpa. These hardness and fracture toughness combinations are better than those of conventional cermet. The high temperature strength remarkably decreased by the plastic deformations of SUS316L binder phase at nearby $800^{\circ}C$ .

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.881-888
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to determine whether vitamin B6(B6) deficiency affects fuel utilization and blood cholesterol profile with exercise-training. Twenty-four rats were fed a B6 deficient(-B6) diet or a control (+B6) diet for 5 weeks and either exercised(EX) or nonexercised (NE). EX rats were exercised on treadmill(10$^{\circ}$, 0.5-0.8km/h) for 20 minutes everyday. Glucose(GLU), glycogen (GLY), protein(PRO), trglyceride(TG), free fatty acid(FFA), total cholesterl(TC), HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C) and LDL-choleterol(LDL-C) were compared in plasma(P), liver(L) and skeletal muscle(M) of rats. There was a vitamin effect on the level of P-GLU, P-TG, M-TG, L-GLY, L-PRO and an exercise effect on the level of P-PRO, P-FFA, M-PRO, L-GLY, L-TG, P-TC, P-HDL-C, P-LDL-C. Compared to +B6 rats were lower and there were no differences in P-GLU, P-FFA, P-TG. M-GLY, L-TG, P-TC and P-HDL-C. In EX group, the level of P-TG was higher and M-PRO was lower in -B6 rats. There were no differences in M-GLY, L-TG, P-TC and P-HDL-C. These results suggest that a lowered intake of vitamin B6 may impair the adaptation of animals to fuel metabolism related to a decrease of fatty acid oxidation and attenuates the exercise-traning effect on blood lipid profile.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2007

Background: CD40-activated B (CD40-B) cells might be an attractive source of autologous antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for immunotherapy due to the convenience to obtain from peripheral blood and expand in vitro. Moreover, CD40-B cells were found to be comparable with DCs in their capacity to raise antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Here, we have established K562 cells expressing CD40L to expand CD40-activated B cells used for APCs. Methods: After activation of B cell by K562/CD40L, CD40-B cells were examined by counting B cell numbers. Surface expression of CD54, CD80, CD86 and HLA class II was measured by flow cytometry. The CD40-B cells were tested for its function as APC by mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) and by induction of T cell responses specific for pp65 peptide in vitro. Results: The expansion of B cells by K562/CD40L increased about 6-folds compared with anti-CD40 or K562. Furthermore, the expression of CD54, CD80, CD86 and HLA class II was up-regulated by K562/CD40L. B cells by K562/CD40L showed comparable antigen presentation activity with mature DCs as shown in MLR, INF-${\gamma}$ ELISPOT assay. Conclusion: These results suggest that K562/CD40L could be used to generate activated B cells as potent APCs which could be useful for cellular vaccination and adoptive immunotherapy.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.161-180
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• 2007

The electronic bill of lading system replacing with traditional paper B/L has been evolved from SeaDocs and CMI to Bolero system. Therefore e-B/L is considered as an evolving concept rather than fixed one because it has been changed with development of information technology. Bolero system designed to replicate all functions of a paper B/L has some limitation to be utilized as an e-B/L in changing international business arena because it has a centralized model. Therefore it is considered to be important that the current e-B/L operating system needs to be diversified. This paper aims to provide three types of the operating model of global e-B/L to be applied with feasible solution coping with the current problems, which is expected to contribute to the utilization of electronic bill of lading.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of consuming goat milk on the bacterial counts (colony forming units [CFU]) in adult women and to evaluate the carbohydrate fermentation capacity of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli isolated from their feces. Adult women who consumed goat milk (treatment group) had relatively higher CFU of bifidobacteria than did the control group, and the difference was significant (p<0.05) after 8 weeks. In total, 13 strains isolated from the feces of women in the treatment group were identified using 16S rRNA sequencing as Bifidobacterium adolescentis, B. longum, B. pseudocatenulatum, B. dentium, and Lactobacillus sakei. Similarly, 12 strains isolated from the feces of women in the control group included B. adolescentis, B. longum, L. ruminis, L. sakei, and B. pseudocatenulatum. All isolated bifidobacteria and lactobacilli fermented goat milk oligosaccharide and lactulose. All 7 strains of B. adolescentis fermented fructooligosaccharides, and 3 of the 4 B. pseudocatenulatum strains, 2 of the 3 L. sakei strains, and 1 of the 7 B. longum strains fermented fructooligosaccharides.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.803-808
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• 1994

Since L$\ddot{o}$b's announcement of his solution to Henkin's problem (L$\ddot{o}$b (1954, 1955)) there has been successful and fruitful research on provability logic tied up with modal logic. Specially, L$\ddot{o}$b's Theorem is of far-reaching significance in the following meta-mathematical and philosophical sense.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.135-140
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• 2003

Bacillus sp. secretes high levels of extracellular enzymes into the culture medium. The signal recognition particle (SRP) and the SRP receptor play a central role in targeting pre secretory proteins to the translocase. By the analysis of the DNA microarray of B. lentimorbus WJ5, it was detected that WJ5m12, antifungal activity deficient mutant induced by gamma radiation, had a down-regulated expression of the SRP receptor gene (B. subtitis srb homologue, srbL). To determine the relationship of SRP receptor to antifungal activity, srbL of B. lentimorbus WJ5 was amplified by PCR and ligated into pQE30 vector, and then transferred into WJ5m12. The transformant, WJ5m12::srbL, recovered the antifungal activity. From the 2-DE analysis, the several presecretory proteins accumulated in the mutant cell and decreased to a level of the wild type in WJ5m12::srbL. It seems that the srbL could play an important role in the secretion of the antifungal activity related proteins of B. lentimorbus WJ5.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.49-60
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• 2023

Objectives : In this study, it was investigated the anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant effects of Jayangdaebo-tang (JDT) consisting of twelve herbs before and after fermentation. Methods : JDT extract was fermented using the Lactoplantibacillus plantanum (JDT-L), Bacillus subtilis (JDT-B), and L. plantanum plus B. subtilis (JDT-L+B). The effects of each extract were measured in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, MCF-7 breast cancer and A549 lung cancer cells, and H₂O₂-stimulated HepG2 cells. Results : The extracts of JDT-L, JDT-B and JDT-L+B at 1 ㎎/㎖ decreased significantly the levels of nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells and also inhibited the expression of iNOS and COX-2, and the phosphorylation of ERK and NF-κB. The JDT-L+B extract decreased significantly the expression of apoptotic proteins, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and PARP in MCF-7 and A549 cancer cells. The JDT-L, JDT-B and JDT-L+B extracts increased significantly the cell viability in H₂O₂-stimulated HepG2 cells and the JDT-L+B extract decreased significantly the expression of SOD, catalase, HO-1, and NRF-2. Among fermented JDT extracts, JDT-L+B was the best effective on response of macrophage inflammation, cancer cell apoptosis, and liver cell damage. Conclusions : Our results were suggested that the fermentation can be used as a useful way to enhance the biological activity of JDT.