• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.423-438
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• 2008

This paper reports an experimental investigation of the behaviour of concrete-encased composite columns subjected to short-term axial load and biaxial bending. In the study, six square and four L-shaped cross section of both short and slender composite column specimens were constructed and tested to examine the load-deflection behaviour and to obtain load carrying capacities. The main variables in the tests were considered as eccentricity of applied axial load, concrete compressive strength, cross section, and slenderness effect. A theoretical procedure considering the nonlinear behaviour of the materials is proposed for determination of the behaviour of eccentrically loaded short and slender composite columns. Two approaches are taken into account to describe the flexural rigidity (EI) used in the analysis of slender composite columns. Observed failure mode and experimental and theoretical load-deflection behaviour of the specimens are presented in the paper. The composite column specimens and also some composite columns available in the literature have been analysed and found to be in good agreement with the test results.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2024

The lightweight and high strength characteristics of aluminum alloy materials make them have promising prospects in the field of construction engineering. This paper primarily focuses on aluminum alloy materials. Aluminum alloy was combined with concrete, wood and carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) cloth to create a composite column. The axial compression test was then conducted to understand the mechanical properties of different composite structures. It was found that the pure aluminum tube exhibited poor performance in the axial compression test, with an ultimate load of only 302.56 kN. However, the performance of the various composite columns showed varying degrees of improvement. With the increase of the load, the displacement and strain of each specimen rapidly increased, and after reaching the ultimate load, both load and strain gradually decreased. In comparison, the aluminum alloy-concrete composite column performed better than the aluminum alloy-wood composite column, while the aluminum alloy-wood-CFRP cloth composite column demonstrated superior performance. These results highlight excellent performance potential for aluminum alloy-wood-CFRP composite columns in practical applications.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.365-372
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• 2002

본 연구는 700kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 고강도 콘크리트에서 횡보강근 형태, 체적비 그리고 횡보강근 항복강도에 따른 고강도 콘크리트기둥의 거동을 규명하기 위한 실험연구이다. 기둥은 중심축내력의 30%에 해당하는 일정축력과 수평방향의 반복 휨모멘트를 받는다. 본 연구에서 사용된 변수는 횡보강근 체적비(Ps=1.58, 2.25%), 횡보강근 형태(hoop-type, cross-type, diagonal-type) 그리고 횡보강근 항복강도(fy=5,600, 7,950 kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$)이다. 실험결과로 모든 기둥의 휨강도는 현행규준의 등가응력블럭에 근거하여 산정된 휨강도보다 낮게 나타났다. 횡보강근을 ACI 규준 요구량보다 42%증가시킨 기둥 시험체는 연성적인 거동을 보였다. 그리고, 본 연구에서 적용한 축력비 0.3 P/PO하에서 고강도급 횡보강근을 사용한 시험체의 연성이 저강도급 횡보강근을 사용한 시험체의 경우보다 같거나 다소 큰 경향을 보이고 있었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제75권6호
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• pp.643-657
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• 2020

This study presents experimental and numerical investigations on circular steel tube confined ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) columns under axial compression. The plain UHPC without fibers was designed to achieve a compressive strength ranged between 150 MPa and 200 MPa. Test results revealed that loading on only the UHPC core can generate a significant confinement effect for the UHPC core, thus leading to an increase in both strength and ductility of columns, and restricting the inherent brittleness of unconfined UHPC. All tested columns failed by shear plane failure of the UHPC core, this causes a softening stage in the axial load versus axial strain curves. In addition, an increase in the steel tube thickness or the confinement index was found to increase the strength and ductility enhancement and to reduce the magnitude of the loss of load capacity. Besides, steel tube with higher yield strength can improve the post-peak behavior. Based on the test results, the load contribution of the steel tube and the concrete core to the total load was examined. It was found that no significant confinement effect can be developed before the peak load, while the ductility of post-peak stage is mainly affected by the degree of the confinement effect. A finite element model (FEM) was also constructed in ABAQUS software to validate the test results. The effect of bond strength between the steel tube and the UHPC core was also investigated through the change of friction coefficient in FEM. Furthermore, the mechanism of circular steel tube confined UHPC columns was examined using the established FEM. Based on the results of FEM, the confining pressures along the height of each modeled column were shown. Furthermore, the interaction between the steel tube and the UHPC core was displayed through the slip length and shear stresses between two surfaces of two materials.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.163-174
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• 2007

큰 선행하중을 가할 수 있는 새로운 선행하중 시스템을 개발하였으며, 이를 적용하여 근접굴착 시 기존 터널의 안정성을 확보하는 방안을 연구하였다. 흙막이 벽체의 수평변위가 거의 생기지 않도록 설계축력 이상의 선행하중을 가하였다. 이를 위해 선행하중을 가하지 않는 경우와 선행하중을 가하는 경우에 대해 축소율 1/10인 실 대형 시험을 실시하였다. 수치해석은 선행하중을 가하지 않는 경우와, 선행하중을 설계축력의 50%와 100%를 가하는 경우, 흙막이 벽체 변위를 거의 발생시키지 않는 크기의 선행하중을 가하는 경우에 대해 유한요소법(FEM) 프로그램인 PLAXIS를 사용하여 수행하였다. 그 결과 선행하중을 설계축력 이상으로 적용시켜 흙막이 벽체변위를 억제시켰을 때 벽체 배면 지반에 있는 터널의 안정성이 크게 향상되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2013

구조, 시공 및 내화측면에서 우수한 콘크리트충전강관(CFT)부재에 대해서 구성재료의 강도가 높은 경우 즉, 콘크리트 압축강도가 100MPa 이상이면서 강관의 항복강도가 650MPa 이상인 경우에 대한 내화성능 평가실험 및 해석적 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 부재에 대해서 내화성능 거동을 파악하고자 ${\Box}-400{\times}400{\times}15$, 부재길이 3,000mm인 실물대 중심재하 내화실험을 행하였다. 실험변수는 중심축력을 5,000kN과 2,500kN로 하였다. 실험결과, 고강도 콘크리트의 폭렬 및 콘크리트 내부 균열에 의하여 축하중이 클수록 조기에 내력을 상실하였다. 또한, 유한차분법과 변형률적합조건을 이용한 비정상온도해석 및 응력해석을 수행하였으며, 고강도 재료모델은 Eurocode모델을 이용하였다. 해석모델은 시간-축변위 관계를 합리적으로 예측할 수 있었다.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2016

이 논문은 최근 천영수 등(2011)에 의하여 제안된 벽체 단부 횡보강상세를 지닌 벽체를 중심으로 벽체의 구조성능 영향 변수들을 대상으로 한 실험결과와 그에 따른 내진거동 및 이력특성을 제시하고 있다. 제시된 결과는 동 벽체의 비선형이력특성을 규명함으로써 향후 성능기반설계의 적용을 위한 기초자료를 제공하게 될 것이다. 실험결과, 제안된 횡보강 상세를 채용한 실험체의 균열 및 파괴 양상은 축력과 내진철근의 적용 여부와 상관없이 유사한 경향을 나타내었으며, 기준에서 제시하고 있는 설계식에 의하여 실험체의 최대강도를 잘 예측할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 축력이 높을 수록 초기강성과 최대강도는 증가하나 변형능력은 떨어지는 경향이 있어 고 축력으로 인한 변형능력 감소에 대한 고려가 필요할 것으로 보이며, 고 축력이 작용하는 벽체의 경우 내진철근의 사용이 변형능력의 확보라는 관점에서 매우 효과적인 방안이 될 것으로 보임으로 가능하다면 소성힌지 영역은 내진철근을 사용한 경계요소로 보강하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 판단된다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.459-484
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• 2005

In recent years, the use of steel tube confined concrete (STCC) columns has been the interests of many structural engineers. The present study is an attempt to study the monotonic and cyclic behaviours of STCC columns. For the monotonic behaviours, a series of tests on STCC stub columns (twenty one), and beam-columns (twenty) were carried out. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) column section types, circular and square; (2) tube diameter (or width) to thickness ratio, from 40 to 162, and (3) load eccentricity ratio (e/r), from 0 to 0.5. For the cyclic behaviours, the test parameters included the sectional types and the axial load level (n). Twelve STCC column specimens, including 6 specimens with circular sections and 6 specimens with square sections were tested under constant axial load and cyclically increasing flexural loading. Comparisons are made with predicted column strengths and flexural stiffness using the existing codes. It was found that STCC columns exhibit very high levels of energy dissipation and ductility, particularly when subjected to high axial loads. Generally, the energy dissipation ability of the columns with circular sections was much higher than those of the specimens with square sections. Comparisons are made with predicted column strengths and flexural stiffness using the existing codes such as AIJ-1997, AISCLRFD- 1994, BS5400-1979 and EC4-1994.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to prevent the stick, scuffing, scratch between piston and cylinder, is to contribute the piston design such as piston profile, clearance by calculating reaction force by over-lap of piston skirt, as measuring the temperature distributions of cylinder wall. The experiment has been peformed to obtain data during actual engine operation. Temperature gradient in peripheral and axial distributions of cylinder wall according to torque and speed of engine were measured by use of an 800cc class gasoline engine. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; 1) The temperature of cylinder wall at TDC was about $50{\sim}75^{\circ}C$ higher than temperature of cooling water. 2) The rear side temperature of top dead center was $141^{\circ}C$(1/4 load) in axial distribution, whereas the rear side of midway position temperature was $98^{\circ}C$. 3) The temperature of cylinder wall increased in according to rising temperature of cooling water. 4) The thrust side temperature of cylinder wall was about $15^{\circ}C$ in all load test. 5) The rear side temperature of top dead center was $159^{\circ}C$ (1/2 load) in peripheral distribution, it was about $39^{\circ}C$ higher than thrust side temperature.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.563-588
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• 2015

Piers are the most vulnerable part of a bridge structure during an earthquake event. During Kobe earthquake in 1995, several bridge piers of the Hanshin Expressway collapsed for more than 600m of the bridge length. In this paper, the most important results of an experimental and analytical investigation of ten reinforced concrete bridge piers specimens with the same cross section subjected to constant axial (or variable) load and reversed (or one direction) cycling loading are presented. The objective was to investigate the main parameters influencing the seismic performance of reinforced concrete bridge piers. It was found that loading history and axial load intensity had a great influence on the performance of piers, especially concerning strength and stiffness degradation as well as the energy dissipation. Controlling these parameters is one of the keys for an ideal seismic performance for a given structure during an eventual seismic event. Numerical models for the tested specimens were developed and analyzed using SeismoStruct software. The analytical results show reasonable agreement with the experimental ones. The analysis not only correctly predicted the stiffness, load, and deformation at the peak, but also captured the post-peak softening as well. The analytical results showed that, in all cases, the ratio, experimental peak strength to the analytical one, was greater than 0.95.