• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1063-1082
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• 2018

The concept of SDN (Software Defined Networking) endows the network with programmability and significantly improves the flexibility and extensibility of networks. Currently a plenty of research works on introducing SDN into wireless networks. Most of them focus on the innovation of the SDN based architectures but few consider how to realize the global perception of the network through the controller. In order to address this problem, a software defined carrier grade Wi-Fi framework called SWAN, is proposed firstly. Then based on the proposed SWAN architecture, a blueprint of introducing the traditional NSA (Network Situation Awareness) into SWAN is proposed and described in detail. Through perceiving various network data by a decentralized architecture and making comprehension and prediction on the perceived data, the proposed blueprint endows the controllers with the capability to aware of the current network situation and predict the near future situation. Meanwhile, the extensibility of the proposed blueprint makes it a universal solution for software defined wireless networks SDWNs rather than just for one case. Then we further research one typical use case of proposed NSA blueprint: network performance awareness (NPA). The subsequent comparison with other methods and result analysis not only well prove the effectiveness of proposed NPA but further provide a strong proof of the feasibility of proposed NSA blueprint.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.222-232
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• 2016

Purpose: Sodium intake in school meals is very high. Accordingly, many health problems have emerged. The objective of this study was to assess school dietitian's awareness and practice of sodium contents in urban and rural locations schools and suggest sodium reduction plan in school meal service. Methods: A total of 524 nationwide school dietitians from elementary, middle, and high schools in south Korea were surveyed using questionnaires to determine their awareness and practicing behavior for reducing high-salt contents in meals. Sodium reduction plan was then suggested accordingly. Results: Most school dietitians (83%, n=436) were aware of the necessities of sodium reduction in school meals. They were aware of optimum sodium levels at 700-1000 mg. However, the percentages of dietitians who had practicing behavior of using measuring utensils for seasoning were 20.7% (n=108), 14.9% (n=78), and 13.5% (n=71) in elementary, middle, and high schools, respectively (p<0.001). Dietitians in urban elementary and middle schools had significantly (p<0.01) higher practicing behavior of using measuring utensils compared to those in rural locations. Considering low levels of soup contents with high amount of leftover, the desirable soup portions to be reduced were '50-100 mL' (n=66, 12.7%) for elementary school and '100-150 mL' for middle school (n=62, 12.0%) and high school (n=57, 11.0%, p<0.001). Conclusion: Dietitians' awareness for sodium reduction was high but their practicing behavior was relatively low. Thus, continuous efforts are required to develop reduced-sodium menu by promoting the use of measuring utensils when preparing meals and by planning no soup meal day or educating students and teachers about the importances of reducing sodium in school meals.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.27-54
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• 2011

This research has investigated the cyber university students' awareness of the portal service of the digital library. In order to identify characteristics of the cyber university students, the research examined demographic characteristics of the students and library usage status. Awareness on the portal service was also analyzed in accordance with the characteristics of the users. The analysis showed that the most needed service was concise/full search service, which was the most frequently used service. The students were most satisfied with the liaison service; service awareness of several libraries showed statistically significant results depending on age, occupation. Based on the analysis, the research proposed the following measures to increase the use of the digital library of cyber university students: active PR on library service, and intensifying the library user education.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.105-115
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• 2019

This study was intended to analyze the effect of emotional marketing on brand awareness and purchase intention in the coffee shop and investigates how SNS usage play moderating effect roles between motional marketing and purchase intention. The results of analysis are summarized as follows. First, emotional marketing has a positive effect on purchase intention(especially, taste factor and visual facto). Second, in the analysis of the effect of emotional marketing on brand awareness, the significant influence factors were the taste factor, tactile factor, visual factor and auditory factor. Third, as a result of analyzing the effect of brand awareness on purchase intention, it was found that brand awareness had a significant positive(+) effect on purchase intention. Fourth, it was analyzed that the moderating effect of SNS usage between emotional marketing and purchasing intention is to be positive(+) influence in the all detail factors. Therefore, In the start-up stages, it may be helpful to actively use emotional marketing and SNS usage for business activation.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.133-139
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine levels of awareness, attitude and practice of wearing seatbelt of university students using a long distance commute. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used to investigate a convenience sample of 118 university students in Chungbuk province. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe'test using SPSS version 22. Results: A significant positive correlation was found among awareness, attitude and practice. There were statistically significant differences in awareness, attitude and practice according to some of general characteristics(gender, age, commuting time, the last point of no seatbelt, socioeconomic status). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be used to develop an accident prevention and health education program.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.16-25
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• 2011

Some context is characterized by a single event in computing environment, but many other contexts are determined by a lot of things which occur with a space and a time. The Realtime Embedded System context-awareness service that interacts with the physical space can have property such as time. The exceptional behaviors of the system that interact with physical space can result in critical damage and cause danger to the operation of an embedded system. we propose an approach which should include spatio-temporal property and exceptional management in the context model, and verify its effectiveness using an expanded Petri-Net. The context-awareness service modeling of an embedded system is discussed the properties of model such as basic Petri-Net, patterned Petri-Net, or Spatio-temporal Petri-Net for the exceptional behaviors of the system. The proposed methodology demonstrated using an example that is emergency medical service. The use of expanded Petri-Net will contribute not only to develop the application but also to model the spatio-temporal context awareness for the exceptional handling.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.304-309
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• 2007

What is important in ubiquitous computing is collecting users' context information from various sensors and providing services suitable for use's current situation. Particularly in mobile environment, each area has different context awareness structure and this makes it difficult to share information with other areas. As a result, context resources for recognizing users' context ate insufficient. Moreover, because mobile devices have a limited processing capacity, there are difficulties in the real time analysis of users' context. This paper proposed a context awareness and integration model for analyzing users' context actively and providing adaptive services using mobile devices. The proposed model distinguishes users' context between dynamic and static structure to analyze the context, and obtains context resources by sharing context information of users within an area.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37B no.11
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• pp.1004-1013
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• 2012

The legacy voice broadcast systems are used to broadcast the voice over an entire space or a specific zone. these broadcast systems generate unnecessary noise and waste of resources. In this paper, we propose a ubiquitous voice message broadcast system called uPaging, by combining the technique of location-awareness and the voice message delivery service in ubiquitous sensor network environment. In uPaging system, the wire/wireless hybrid network is used to implement the network system. Also, in order to actualize the location-awareness service, we use the Bidirectional Location ID-Exchange protocol was suggested by our previous research. the uPaging system can deliver the voice to a selected user or the location in which the user is present by this location awareness.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.224-237
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• 1998

The purpose of this study that was based on the theory review about the practical use necessity of school landscape was to survey on the awareness of elementary school teachers about the applications of school landscape for environmental education. This study was carried out through the review of literature, the questionnaire to 132 elementary school teachers in Seongnam City. The findings derived from this study were as follows : First, School landscape is an important field as environmental education resource for the improvement of school environmental education. Especially, for the improvement of environmental sensitivity through field-experience learning, the practical applications of elementary school landscape is very important and urgent in aspects of environmental education theory, accessibility, and convenience. Second, Most of responded teachers give an affirmative answer about the field-experience learning for school environmental education and the necessity of practical use of school landscape for field-experience learning. Several the improvement to use elementary school landscape for environmental education being suggested by teachers are the increase of financial support, the magnification of school area, and the school landscape planning and design in consideration of environmental education by landscape architect expert. Third, Above half of teachers don't agree to use the roof garden for environmental education because of the safety of students and the school building construction. Fourth, Teachers are more satisfied with the status of school landscape maintenance than the practical usability of school landscape in aspect of environmental education and the facilities in school landscape. Teachers think that the most important functions and roles of school landscape is psychological factor.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.39-47
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• 2020

While agricultural water has been declared free in Korea to ensure access to these limited resource since the year 2000, farmers have however developed lackadaisical behavior towards water saving leading to its scarcity. To overcome this problem, a variety of experience-oriented education model was developed for farmers to promote the adoption of water conservation, and preventive measure against the drought impacts. In this study, farmers' awareness and their attitudinal behavior of agricultural water savings were investigated. The monitoring of water supply structure and the repair facilities in Pohang and Yeongdeok areas were conducted. The field visits and behavioral surveys showed a high degree of over-use and illegal water withdrawals by the farmers due to poor water-saving and management practices. We found that most of the KRC employees strongly admitted the necessity of water-saving education. On the other hand, the farmers showed good interest in the implementation of water-saving awareness through education. Besides this, most farmers agreed to adopt water-saving practices in the fields. Farmers also acknowledged the recklessness of water use was due to the aging of waterways, poor water management, and illegal water consumption. The majority of the farmers responded against imposing the water-use tariffs. However, there was a low response to paying the water-use charge. Aging agricultural facilities and the lack of institutional penalties or incentives were the major obstacles in achieving efficient water-saving. Considering the current drought frequency, urgent water-saving education of farmers was deemed necessary to prepare the farming community against the water shortages. Based on the results of this study, we have to identify the irrigation practices of farmers and provide water-saving education to enforce more efficient use and management of agricultural water.