• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.54-58
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• 2017

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS) is one of the powerful methods that enable analysis of small molecules as well as large molecules up to about 500,000 Da without severe fragmentation. MALDI-TOF MS, thus, has been a very useful an analytical tool for the confirmation of synthetic molecules, probing PTMs, and identifying structures of a given protein. In recent nuclear medicine, MALDI-TOF MS liner ion mode helps researcher calculate the average number of chelator(or linkage) per an antibody conjugate, such as DOTA-(or DFO-) trastuzumab for labeling a medical radioisotope. This simple technique can be utilized to improve the labeling method and control the quality at the development of antibody-based radiopharmaceuticals, which is very effected to diagnosis and therapy for in vivo tumor cells, with radioisotopes like $^{89}Zr$, $^{64}Cu$, and 177Lu. To minimize the error, MALDI-TOF MS measurement is repeatedly performed for each sample in this study, and external calibration is carried out after data collection.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.75-78
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• 1969

The necessary number of hills for panicle counts have been obtained, and are more in Kangwon-Do and Chulla Nam-Do where the variability of sampling error is higher as compared to other provinces. It seems that number of samples do not depend on the latitude but on the variabilities of yield components within the province and it is considered that about 5% sampling fraction gives about 75 to 85% of relative information on the average.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.17-25
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• 2014

In this paper, we describe an adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo-based particle filter that effectively addresses real-time multi-face tracking on mobile platforms. Because traditional approaches based on a particle filter require an enormous number of particles, the processing time is high. This is a serious issue, especially on low performance devices such as mobile phones. To resolve this problem, we developed a tracker that includes a more sophisticated likelihood model to reduce the number of particles and maintain the identity of the tracked faces. In our proposed tracker, the number of particles is adjusted during the sampling process using an adaptive sampling scheme. The adaptive sampling scheme is designed based on the average acceptance ratio of sampled particles of each face. Moreover, a likelihood model based on color information is combined with corner features to improve the accuracy of the sample measurement. The proposed tracker applied on various videos confirmed a significant decrease in processing time compared to traditional approaches.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.5 s.162
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• pp.313-320
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• 2005

This study was performed in a 38-year-old Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litvin) plantation in northeast China. Data were collected from 5 sample trees with different canopy position ranging in DBH from 14.6 cm to 23.8 cm. Sawn speciments that included the biggest knot were taken from the stem below the living crown. Number and distribution of knots per whorl below the living crown were studied by relative height below living crown (RHBC). A linear model expressed as function of whorl age (AGE), whorl height ($H_k$) and the stem diameter at which the whorl was located ($D_k$) was developed to predict the knot diameter and angle. The number of annual rings in four periods and the width of respective zone alone stem were used as dependant variables to analyze the knot develop phases. In average, the number of years from branch birth to ceased forming rings was 7.8, the branches remained alive for 4.2 years without forming annual rings, and branches were occluded 14.4 years after their death. These results can provide abundance branch and knot information so as to describe current and past tree growth dynamic of Mongolian pine plantation.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 1980

The performance of scientific researchers has been studied from a number of different aspects, mostly in developed countries. This paper attempted to identify salient factors influencing scientific performance at individual level in a developing country. A model describing the productivity and performance of scientific researchers was developed. Four hypotheses were derived from the model; i) the degree of diversity of a researcher will affect the degree of his scientific performance, ii) the degree of dedication will affect the degree of his performance, iii) the degree of research pressure will affect the degree of his performance, and iv) the degree of satisfaction will affect the degree of his performance. Data were collected through questionnaires responded by 48 researchers from two research organizations. The results of data analysis supported the hypotheses in part. Specifically, diversity measured by the number of research areas was related to the productivity of research reports (p<0.05); research pressure influenced the average number of research papers (p<0.05). The results of hypothesis testing of the satisfaction showed mixed directions according to the indicators. Even though the results of data analysis did not support the hypotheses unanimously, probably due to the limitation of sample size, most of the descriptive analysis indicated that the direction of hypotheses in developed countries seemed to be similar in developing country too. However, more research efforts are needed to verify the research findings of developed countries in developing countries.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.9-18
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• 2017

In order to respond to the ever-changing media environments in the era of smart and mobile technology, KBS has introduced and partially applied PIE-TV and PIE-nonTV modes that monitor the average number of viewers among the national population group by means of the sample household extraction method which is a traditional way of rating investigation. This study analyzes the correlation between the number of viewers of premiere, re-air broadcasting, and MPP channel programs and the number of OTT-based VOD viewers in reference to the data extracted from PIE-TV survey results. KBS conducted a survey for 3 months between June and August 2017 to measure the PIE-TV Index, based on which the above-mentioned correlation was analyzed with programs classified to entertainment, drama, and cultural programs. For data analysis, SPSS (Ver. 18.0 for Window, SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) was utilized. It was assumed that when p<0.05 in the confidence interval of 95%, statistically significance would be secured. Among the 30 subjects in the simple correlation analysis, the parameter was determined by the Person correlation coefficient and the non-parameter by the Spearman correlation coefficient. Analysis results are as below: (1) As the number of viewers of premier entertainment, drama, and cultural programs was larger, the number of VOD viewers was larger accordingly. (2) As for entertainment and drama programs, as the number of re-air broadcasting viewers was larger, the number of VOD viewers decreased accordingly. (2) As for entertainment and drama programs, as the number of MPP viewers was larger, the number of VOD viewers decreased accordingly. It is expected that this statistical data can be utilized for strategic planning of MPP channel lineups including terrestrial TV broadcasting, cable TV, etc.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.70-85
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• 2001

This study has been conducted, on the reservation of specific examinations during seven months starting from June 1999 and ending December as the Group I for these of one stop service and as the Group II for those of existing direct reservation made by patients or patrons, to understand the differences between the two groups. The survey was extended to the patients visiting specific departments of K hospital with sample sizes of 154 for the Group I and 155 for the Group II. The findings of the survey are as follows: First, as the general characteristics of the sample, male patients account for 67% of the total and female patients 33%, with the former twice as large as the latter. The average age of the patients is 51, indicating relatively high level. By the geographical area of residence, metropolitan area is 80.7% and the other area 19.3%, showing most of the patients are from metropolitan area. The general characteristics do not have statistical significance between the Group I and the Group II(p>0.05). Second, regarding the ratio by the number of examinations, the Group I shows 37.0% for one examination and 63.0% for two examinations, while the Group IT indicates 30.3% for one examination and 69.7% for two examinations. The populations by the number of examinations do not have statistical difference between the two Groups(p>0.05). Third, regarding the time required for the reservation of examinations by the number of examinations, the Group I shows 9.8 minutes for one examination and 19.8 minutes for two examinations, with the average of 16.1 minutes. The Group IT indicates 19 minutes for one examinations and 25.7 minutes for two examinations, with the average of 23.7 minutes. Though the time required for the reservation by the number of examinations do not have statistical significance, the time required for the Group I was shortened. Fourth, regarding the time required for the reservation of examinations by the age range of patients, the Group I shows 21.7 minutes for 70-79 years of age, 17.5 minutes for 60-00 years of age, and 15.2 minutes for 30-39 years of age. The Group II indicates 27.2 minutes for 70-79 years of age, 26.3 minutes for 60-69 years of age, 24.4 minutes for 50-59 years of age, and 22.4 minutes for 30-39 years of age. The time required for the reservation gets longer as the age range moves up, and has statistical significance (p<0.05). Fifth, regarding the ratio by the range of time of required for reservation, the Group I shows 41.6% for 11-20 minutes, and 38.3% for 1-10 minutes, while the Group II indicates 43.9% for 11-20 minutes, 29% for 21-30 minutes, and 14.2% for 31-40 minutes. Statistical significance is revealed (p=0.001). Sixth, concerning the length of movement course by the number of examinations, the Group I shows 37 meters regardless of the number of examinations. The Group II indicates an average of 188 meters for one examination and 189 meters for two examinations, with the difference 151 meters between the Groups, and representing statistical significance (p=0.001). Based on the above findings. one-stop service contributes to the reduction of both the time and the movement course and therefore is considered to be beneficial to the patients, and the improve the efficiency of the hospitals in terms of the space and the time.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.82-103
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyse statistically the relation between medical service quality and managerial performance. And then the way of analysis is the regression analysis that independent variable is service quality, dependent variable is the volume of revenue, the number of patients and the rate of beds utility, and dummy variable is the number of beds, ownership and region. The sample hospitals were the 113 hospitals on general hospitals more than 300beds which were consisted of 20 public hospitals, 41 corporate hospitals and 52 college hospitals, and also distributed 67 hospitals on big city and 46 hospitals other city. The sample hospitals were selected from the Korean Hospital Association and the data of the year 2003 and 2004. The collected data was analyzed using the SPSSWIN 10.0 version, and the study hypothesis was tested using regression analysis. The findings of this study are summarized as follows. First, as a result of analysing hypothesis 1. In the study of the relationship between the service quality and the revenue, it was verified that the more service quality in last year became the more revenue in the year. But the dummy variable, ownership and region, rarely related to hospital revenue. Therefore it means that the more service quality is connected to the more revenue on the large number of beds hospitals. Second, as a result of analysing hypothesis 2 & 3. In the study of the relationship between the service quality and the number of patients, it was verified that the more service quality in last year became the more outpatients in the year. But there was no verified to inpatients. It seems to be the reason why a hospital has operated the fixed number of beds approved by the public office. So there are no free to expand beds according to the number of inpatients as much as inpatients are increasing. Third, as a result of analysing hypothesis 4 & 5. In the study of the relationship between the service quality and the rate of beds utility, it was verified that the more service quality in last year became the shorter of average stay of length in the year. Especially it has influenced much more on a hospital which was the large number of beds, the corporate and the college, but the region. But it was denied that the more service quality became the more the beds turnover. As a result of this study, it shows that the service quality in the last year has importantly influenced on a hospital managerial performance in the year. Estimating the service quality of each hospital, most patients have selected the hospital they want. And the hospital need to keep the number of patients for the proper management. So this result of the study means that a hospital must improve the service quality for keeping efficient management.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.335-341
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• 2010

Objective : Anterior cervical corpectomy with fusion (ACF) or laminoplasty may be associated with substantial number of complications for treating multilevel cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) with significant cord compression. For more safe decompression and stabilization in multilevel cervical OPLL with prominent cord compression, we propose circumferential cervical surgery (selective ACF and laminoplasty) based on our favorable experience. Methods : Twelve patients with cervical myelopathy underwent circumferential cervical surgery and all patients showed multilevel OPLL with Signal change of the spinal cord on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A retrospective review of clinical, radiological. and surgical data was conducted. Results : There were 9 men and 3 women with mean age of 56.7 years and a mean follow up period of 15.6 months. The average corpectomy level was 1.16 and laminoplasty level was 4.58. The average Japanese Orthopedic Association score for recovery was 5.1 points and good clinical results were obtained in 11 patients (92%) (p < 0.05). The average space available for the cord improved from 58.2% to 87.9% and the average Cobb's angle changed from 7.63 to 12.27 at 6 months after operation without failure of fusion (p < 0.05). Average operation time was 8.36 hours, with an estimated blood loss of 760 mL and duration of bed rest of 2.0 days. There were no incidences of significant surgical complications, including wound infection. Conclusion : Although the current study examined a small sample with relatively short-term follow-up periods, our study results demonstrate that circumferential cervical surgery is considered favorable for safety and effectiveness in multilevel OPLL with prominent cord compression.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.166-172
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• 2003

Multi­Sensor Core Logger (MSCL) is a useful system for logging the physical properties (compressional wave velocity, wet bulk density, fractional porosity, magnetic susceptibility and/or natural gamma radiation) of marine sediments through scanning of whole cores in a nondestructive fashion. But MSCL has a number of problems that can lead to spurious results depending on the various factors such as core slumping, gas expansion, mechanical stretching, and the thickness variation of core liner and sediment. For the verification of MSCL data, compressional wave velocity, wet bulk density, and porosity were measured on discrete samples by Hamilton Frame and Gravimetric method, respectively. Acoustic impedance was also calculated. Physical property data (velocity, wet bulk density, and impedance) logged by MSCL were slightly larger than those of discrete sample, and porosity is reverse. Average difference between MSCL and discrete sample at both sites is relatively small such as 22­24 m/s in velocity, $0.02­-0.08\;g/\textrm{cm}^3$ in wet bulk density, and 2.5­2.7% in porosity. The values also show systematic variation with sediment depth. A variety of factors are probably responsible for the differences including instrument error, various measurement method, sediment disturbance, and accuracy of calibration. Therefore, MSCL can be effectively used to collect physical property data with high resolution and quality, if the calibration is accurately completed.