• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제16B권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 차영상 엔트로피 기반의 시선 인식 시스템을 제안한다. 차영상 엔트로피는 현재 입력된 영상과 참조 영상 또는 시선의 위치별 평균 영상들로부터 차영상을 획득하고, -255부터 +255까지의 히스토그램 빈도수를 이용하여 계산한다. 차영상 엔트로피 기반의 시선 인식방법은 2가지 방법이다. 1) 첫 번째 방법은 현재 입력된 영상과 시선 위치별 45개의 평균 영상들과의 차영상 엔트로피를 계산하여 현재 응시하고 있는 방향을 인식하고, 2) 두 번째 방법은 현재 입력된 영상과 45개의 참조 영상들과의 차영상 엔트로피를 계산하여 현재의 응시 방향을 인식한다. 참조 영상은 네 방향의 영상을 입력받아 시선 위치별 45개의 평균 영상을 이용하여 생성한다. 제안한 시스템의 성능을 평가하기 위해 PCA 기반의 시선 인식 시스템과 비교 실험을 하였고, 인식 방향은 좌상, 우상, 좌하, 우하 네 방향으로 하였으며, 45개의 참조 영상 또는 평균영상에 대하여 인식 영역을 변경하여 실험하였다. 실험 결과 차영상 엔트로피는 97.00%, PCA는 95.50%의 인식률을 보여 차영상 엔트로피 기반의 시스템이 PCA 기반의 시스템보다 1.50% 더 높은 인식률을 나타내었다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.251-259
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• 2022

Purpose : This study was conducted to check the effect on nursing college students' major satisfaction, adjustment to college life and nurse's image nursing students before clinical practical education. Methods : The study surveyed 209 college students majoring in nursing science in the city of B for the period of April through May 2022. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 22.0 to determine the frequency, percentage ratio, average, and standard deviation. Statistical analyses included the t-test, analysis of variance, pearson's correlation coefficients. Results : As a result of this study, the average degree of satisfaction with majors was 3.88±.50, the average of college life adaptation was 3.26±.47, and the average of the nurse image was 3.90±.51. The major satisfaction according to the general characteristics of the study subjects showed a statistically significant difference in the motive for choosing a department (F=3.70, p=.003) and the thought of a nursing job (F=2.95, p=.004). The adjustment to college life according to the general characteristics of the study subjects showed a statistically significant difference in grade (F=3.50, p=.001), department selection motivation (F=2.69, p=.022) showed a statistically significant difference. The nurse image showed a statistically significant difference in residence type (F=6.00, p=.001) and nursing job thinking (F=2.11, p=.036). The correlation between the variables of the study subjects showed that major satisfaction was found to have a positive correlation with adjustment college life (r=.51, p<.001) and nurse image (r=.54, p<.001). It was found that adjustment college life had a positive correlation with the nurse image (r=.32, p<.001). Conclusion : The higher the degree of satisfaction with the major of nursing students prior to clinical practice education, the higher the degree of adaptation to college life. It is need to intervention studies that can improve the image of positive nursing.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2012

Amount of radiation exposure by seeing through fluoroscopy examination while is many patient exposure administration and unprepared misgovernment be. In this study, abdominal fluoroscopy during the scan, the dose and image quality change according to the use of grid and added filter optimized by measuring the test condition is proposed. Uses seeing through fluoroscopy examination equipment of Image Intensifier of Easy Diagnost Eleva (Philips), under tube type and uses Human phantom and measures average area dose according to grid insertion existence and nonexistence and added filter kind change. Measure sum of 29 organ dose and effective dose through PCXMC imagination simulation program and image J program through noise, SNR, image distortion was measured. Resolution, sharpness, and analyzed using the MTF curves. Fluorography the grid to insert the filter thickness and thickening and increased the average area dose and organ doses and effective dose. In the case of spot examination, when inserted grid, average area dose and organ dose and effective dose increased. Filter thickens the average area dose decreased, but the organ doses and effective dose were increased when use 0.2mmCu+1mmAl filter, decreased slightly. Noise and SNR measurements without inserting the gird, if you do not use the added filter was the lowest and when measure the distortion, 0.1mmCu+1mmAl filter was no difference of image quality in case insert grid was judged that when did not use occasion added filter that do not use grid, difference of image quality does not exist. Did not show a big difference, according to the grid and uses of the added filter sharpness, and resolution. Patient dose increases with factors that reduce the quality of the image so reckless grid and the use of the added filter when abdominal fluoroscopy examination should be cautious in using.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.34-47
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• 2015

Sexiness is the image of a person who attracts attention regardless of his/her age, and today's society has created a more positive impression by transforming the image into something others consider even more attractive. Consequently, we begin to take interest in makeup, - a means of portraying a good impression. Eyebrow makeup in particular, being at the center of the determining factor of a good facial image, can be thought of as the makeup that can most effectively transform one's image. The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference in perceived sexiness depending on the general perception of eyebrow makeup. This study produced an eyebrow stimulus that applied the average rate of change in an image transformation of different eyebrows in order to raise the objective credibility of the sensibility evaluation so it could determine the figure of influence that eyebrows had on facial impressions. The research results showed that the majority of female university students believed that eyebrows were an effective means of expression in changing facial images and attributed a higher mature and sexy image if the average ratio of change was higher. The study, could also identify that a sexy image was perceived when the average rate of change was between 0.39~0.44. In addition, when the gradient of the shape of the viewers' own eyebrows was low, it could be verified that they perceived an image to be sexy from seeing eyebrows with a relatively high gradient.

• 치과방사선
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.471-489
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• 1998

For the successful endodontic treatment, root canal should be cleaned thoroughly by accurate mechanical and chemical canal preparation and sealed completely with canal filling material without damaging the periapical tissues. The accuracy of the root canal length measurement is a prerequisite for the success of the endodontic treatment, and the root canal length is often determined by the standard periapical radiographs and digital tactile sense. In this study, the accuracy and the clinical usefulness of Digora/sup (R)/, an intraoral digital imaging processor and the conventional standard radiographs were compared by measuring the length from the top of the file to the root apex. 30 single rooted premolars were invested in a uniformly sized blocks and No.25 K-file was inserted into and fixed in each canal. Each block was placed in equal distance and position to satisfy the principle of the bisecting angle and paralleling techniques and Digora/sup (R)/ system's image and standard periapical radiographs were taken. Each radiograph was examined by 3 different observers by measuring the length from top of the file to the root apex and each data was compared and analyzed. The results were as follows; 1. In the bisecting angle technique, the average difference between the Digora/sup (R)/ system and standard periapical radiograph was 0.002 mm and the standard deviation was 0.341 mm which showed no statistically significant difference between the two systems(p>0.05). Also, in the paralleling technique, the average difference between these two system was 0.007 mm and the standard deviation was 0.323 mm which showed no statistically significant difference between the two systems(p>0.05). 2. In Digora/sup (R)/ system, the average difference between the bisecting angle and paralleling technique was -0.336 mm and the standard deviation was 0.472 mm which showed a statistically significant difference between the two techniques(p<0.05). Also, in the standard periapical radiographs, the average difference between the bisecting angle and paralleling technique was 0.328 mm and the standard deviation was 0.517 mm which showed a statistically significant difference between these two techniques(p<0.05). 3. In Digora/sup (R)/ system and the standard periapical radiographs. there was a statistically significant difference between the measurement using the bisecting angle technique and the actual length(p<0.05), But there was no statistically significant difference between the measurement using the paralleling technique and the actuallength(p>0.05). In conclusion. the determination of the root canal length by using the Digora/sup (R)/ system can give us as good an image as the standard periapical radiograph and using the paralleling technique instead of the bisecting angle technique can give a measurement closer to the actual canal length. thereby contributing to a successful result. Also. considering the advantages of the digital imaging processor such as decreasing the amount of exposure to the patient. immediate use of the image. magnification of image size. control of the contrast and brightness and the ability of storing the image can give us good reason to replace the standard periapical radiographs.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2014

목 적 : 폐암의 정위적체부방사선치료시 실제 적용하고 있는 최대강도투사(MIP) 영상과 호흡위상별(0~90%)영상에서 3차원적으로 재구성된 선량 분포 차이를 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 본원에서 정위적체부방사선치료를 시행한 비소세포성 폐암(NSCLC) 환자 5명을 대상으로 4차원 전산화단층영상을 시행하여 10개의 호흡위상별 영상을 획득한 후 최대강도투사 영상을 재구성하여 각 호흡위상별 치료계획을 수립하였고, 2차원 이온전리함과 선량분석프로그램 COMPASS(IBA dosimetry, Schwarzenbruck, Germany)을 이용하여 3차원적으로 재구성된 선량분포를 측정하였다. 이를 이용하여 치료계획 선량분포와 실제 측정 선량분포의 일치성 여부 및 최대강도투사 영상과 호흡위상별 영상에서 선량 분포의 차이를 정량적으로 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 최대강도투사 영상 및 호흡위상별 영상에서의 선량분포의 일치성을 알아보기 위한 감마분석 통과율은 대상 환자 모두 99%이상으로 평가기준을 만족 시켰으며, 각각의 환자들에 대한 최대강도투사 영상과 호흡위상별 영상에서 재구성된 선량의 HI(Homogeneity Index) 차이의 평균은 -0.03~0.04로 크지 않았으며, PTV(Planning Target Volume)의 Dmax 차이는 평균 3.30 cGy, 척수는 평균 40 cGy, 양측 폐, 우폐, 좌폐의 $V_{20}$, $V_{10}$, $V_5$ 차이는 평균 -0.04~2.32% 차이를 나타내었다. 또한 모든 환자에 대한 최대강도투사 영상과 호흡위상별 영상에서 재구성된 선량의 HI 차이의 평균은 -0.03~0.03로 크지 않았으며, PTV의 Dmax 차이의 평균은 10% 영상에서 가장 차이가 작았고, 70% 영상에서 가장 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 척수의 Dmax차이의 평균은 50% 영상에서 가장 차이가 작았고, 0% 영상에서 가장 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 폐 $V_{20}$, $V_{10}$, $V_5$의 차이의 평균은 호흡위상별로 일정한 경향성을 나타내지 않았다. 결 론 : 본 연구를 통해 최대강도투사 영상과 각 호흡위상별 영상에서 측정되어 3차원적으로 재구성된 선량분포차이는 일정한 경향을 나타내지는 않았지만 특정 호흡위상에서 선량 분포 차이가 상이한 경우를 볼 수 있었다. 종양의 위치 및 호흡 움직임이 유사한 대상환자군을 선정하여 체계적인 연구를 통해 데이터화 하게 되면 폐와 같이 움직임이 큰 장기의 정위적체부방사선치료시 특정 호흡위상에서 획득한 영상에서의 치료계획이 실제 치료에 적용되어야 하는지에 대한 적합성 여부를 판단 할 수 있을 것이라고 사료된다.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2013

Purpose : Automatic exposure system(AOP mode) in DR Mammography of the STD and DOSE apply to women of childbearing age, the average glandular dose(AGD) and image quality by comparing was to demonstrate the usefulness of DOSE. Materials and Methods : Of the under 40 age 108 patients who visit to our hospital and examined STD and DOSE mammography from January 2008 to July 2013. AGD was obtained by DICOM header information provided by GE Senographe DS. STD and DOSE images were evaluated with obtained patients, Image J program was compared by calculating the SNR. Results : The average AGD of DOSE mode was 0.99mGy, and which decreased by 19% comparing to that of STD mode which was 1.18mGy. The two the average AGDs indicated statistically significant difference(p< .01). The average SNR of STD was 40.26, DOSE displayed, and to 39.68 in, there was no statistical significance. Results : The average AGD using DOSE mode which is one of DR mammography AOP modes decreased by comparing to that of STD mode showing no difference in image quality. The use of DOSE is considered to be useful.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제7권8호
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• pp.2565-2574
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• 2000

오차확산법은 연속계조 영상을 중간조 영상으로 생성시 우수한 재현성을 보인다. 그러나 표시오차의 전력스펙트럼 분석에서 경계정보의 재현성이 다소 떨어지는 특성을 보인다. 이를 개선하기 위해 원영상의 현재화소와 로컬 평균간의 차이정보를 이용하는 경계강조 오차확산법을 제안한다. 제안한 기법은 원영상이 현재화소와 로컬 평균과의 차이정보 및 이를 활용하는 필터의 가중치 함수로 구성된다. 첫째, 원영상의 차이정보는 현재 화소와 이의 인접화소(5x5)의 로컬 평균과의 차이이다. 둘째, 필터의 가중치 함수는 차이정보의 크기를 포함하는 함수와 이의 부호로 구성된다. 제안한 기법을 적용한 중간조 영상은 경계가 강조되어 시각적으로 선명한 결과를 보인다. 환상 평균 전력 스펙트럼 밀도를 이용한 표시오차, 경계상관도 및 로컬 평균 일치도의 평가함수로 제안한 경계강조 오차확산법과 기존의 경계강조 오차확산법의 특성을 비교한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2098-2114
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• 2021

Light intensity variation is one of the key factors which affect the accuracy of vehicle face re-identification, so in order to improve the robustness of vehicle face features to light intensity variation, a Nonnegative Matrix Factorization model with the constraint of image acquisition time difference is proposed. First, the original features vectors of all pairs of positive samples which are used for training are placed in two original feature matrices respectively, where the same columns of the two matrices represent the same vehicle; Then, the new features obtained after decomposition are divided into stable and variable features proportionally, where the constraints of intra-class similarity and inter-class difference are imposed on the stable feature, and the constraint of image acquisition time difference is imposed on the variable feature; At last, vehicle face matching is achieved through calculating the cosine distance of stable features. Experimental results show that the average False Reject Rate and the average False Accept Rate of the proposed algorithm can be reduced to 0.14 and 0.11 respectively on five different datasets, and even sometimes under the large difference of light intensities, the vehicle face image can be still recognized accurately, which verifies that the extracted features have good robustness to light variation.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.289-300
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify the perceptional difference of sexual image and sexual role between male and female students at the university level.. Questionnaires were collected from 418 students of H University in Kangwon-do, Korea from September to December 1999. The research tools were Sexual Image(Joo,1996, Cronbach's $\alpha$=.83) and Sexual Role (Chang,1989, Cronbach's $\alpha$=.93). Data were analyzed by SPSS-PC. The results of this study were as follows: According to factors of sexual image, the average score of sexual attitude was 3.06, that of sexual evaluation was 2.41, and that of sexual curiosity was 2.18, therefore university students had a high degree of curiosity but also had a relatively more exclusive image related to sexuality; there was a significant difference in sexual image between male and female students (t=10.99, p=0.010), male students were perceived to have a higher sexual curiosity and more positive sexual image than female students; the average score of sexual role was 2.21, that appeared to be a moderately progressive tendency; there was a significant difference in sexual role between male and female students (t=260.46, p=0.000), female students were apt to be more progressive in sexual role than male students. According to the above results, curriculum development and the application of at university would be necessary to develop and apply some liberal courses and workshop programs so that students and professors could prepare to identify ideal sexual roles and sexual images.