• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.168-168
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• 2022

According to the 5th Climate Change Report, global average temperature in 2081~2100 will increase 1.8℃ based on RCP 4.5 and 3.7℃ based on RCP 8.5 from the current climate value (IPCC Working Group I AR5). As temperature is expected to increase due to global warming and the intensity and frequency of rainfall are expected to increase, damage to crops is expected, and countermeasures must be taken. This study intends to evaluate rice growth in terms of nitrogen utilization efficiency according to future climate change conditions. In this experiment, Oryza sativa cv. Shindongjin were planted at the SPAR facility of the NICS in Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do on June 10, and were planted and grown according to the standard cultivation method. Cultivation conditions are high temperature, high CO₂ (current temperature+4.7℃·CO₂ 800ppm), high temperature (current temperature+4.7℃·CO₂ 400ppm), current climate (current tempreture·CO₂ 400 ppm). Nitrogen was varied as 0, 9, 18 kg/10a. The N content and C/N ratio of all rice leaves, stems, and seeds increased at high temperature, and the N content and C/N ratio decreased under high temperature and high CO₂ conditions com pared to high temperature. Compared to the current climate, NUE increases by about 8% under high temperature and high CO₂ conditions and by about 2% under high temperature conditions. This seems to be because the increase in temperature and CO₂ induced the increase in biomass. ANUE related to yield decreased by about 70% compared to the current climate under high temperature conditions, and decreased by about 45% at high temperature and high CO₂, showing a tendency to decrease compared to high temperature. This appears to be due to reduced fertility and poor ripening due to high temperature stress. However, as the nitrogen increased, the number of ears and the number of grains increased, slightly offsetting the production reduction factor.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.203-215
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to inquire into the degree of health promotion activity in university students, and to find out the relationship between self-efficiency and health promotion behavior, Thus, we can offer basic data for developing an educational method or program for health promotion. For this research, data was collected from university men and women through a questionnaire from February 18 to March 20, 1998. A measuring instrument was based on lating reviews of health promotion behavior in chronic disease protection, perceived self efficiency, demographic factors, biological factors, and circumstatial factors. The content validity of the instrument was authenticated by two professors of nursing, and reliability was confirmed by 'cronbach' (${\alpha}^{\prime}$ after mortifying content through a pre-test on 30 students. 475 persons were analyzed in terms of average, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, and Multiple Stepwise Regression by 'SPSS-PC'. The analyzed data is as follows: 1. Higher self-efficiency, as a cognitive-perceptual factor, has a beneficial effect on health promotion behavior (r=.479, p=.000). The result of analyzing the differences among a low group, a middle group, a high group in terms of self-efficiency reveals that the relationship between self-efficiency and health promoting behavior is meaningful. 2. The degree of health promoting behavior is 3.26 out of 6. Other figuresrelating to health promoting behavior, are as follows. self-actualization area (4.62), interpersonal area (4.60), stress management area (4.01), nutrition area (3.68), responsibility of health area (3.11), liquid and cigaret area (2.85), and exercise area (2.33). 3. The degree of self-efficiency was 6.81 out of 10. Other figures relating to self-efficiency are as follows. interpersonal area (7.89), self-actualization area (7.84), liquid and cigarette area (7.72), exercise area (6.88), stress management area (6.84), responsibility of health area (6.35), and nutrition area (6.34). 4. The different lerels of health promoting behavior according to a subject's general factos are following: age (p=0.003), sex (p=0.000), health concern of parents (p= 0.000), taking health programs (p=0.007), case history of familes (p=0.048). Health promoting behavier is also positirely affeted by the following: higher age, social sciences focus, religion, living the relatives', and the higher health concerns of parents. 5. The difference of self-efficiency according to a subject's general factors is positirely affected by sex (p=.008), the health concerns of parents (p=.004), body indexes (p=.001), and the higher health concerns of parents. 6. As the result of analyzing major factors, the most powerful factor appears to be self-efficiency, 26.6% of health promoting behavior. Suggestions: 1. Results of this study point to self-efficiency as a major factor in the health promoting behavior of university students. It is crucial, therefore, to develop a health program to promote self-efficiency and to study how to promote prerention of certain diseases. 2. That health promoting behavior appears low in this study shows that health education should be taken into the university class, with a focus on the daily life of students as its goal.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2014

기존 국내 병설터널의 이격거리는 지반조건에 따라 터널직경(D)의 2~5D 정도를 확보하는 것이 일반화되어 왔으나, 최근 들어 대규모 절취에 따른 환경훼손 및 용지매입의 제약, 선형의 연속성 유지 등의 문제를 수반하게 되면서 터널 중심간격이 1D 이하인 근접 병설터널의 현장 적용성이 확대되고 있다. 특히, 터널 필라폭이 감소할 경우 필라(Pillar)의 안전성이 터널의 거동에 영향을 미치게 되므로, 이에 대한 다양한 연구의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 그러나 현재까지의 연구는 주로 필라의 거동특성이나 설계 영향 인자들에 대한 분석에 국한되었으며, 실무에 적용 가능하고 정량적인 데이터는 제시하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현장 시공조건을 최대한 반영할 수 있는 안정성 평가기법 및 설계 지표를 제시하기 위해 현장조건으로 터널 간 근접도가 가장 높은 갱구부 구간의 지형 및 지층특성을 반영하고, 암반 및 완전풍화 상태의 다층지반조건 상태를 모사하였으며, 지반 강도별 필라폭 변화에 따른 수치 해석적 분석을 통해 필라의 안전성이 터널 전체 안정성에 미치는 영향 정도를 평가하였다. 또한, 지표침하비 및 간섭체적비, 평균강도/응력비 등에 대한 종합적 분석 결과와 Hoek & Brown(1980) 파괴기준을 토대로 실무에 적용이 가능한 근접 병설터널 필라의 안전율 평가식과 지반 강도별 최소 필라폭을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.314-322
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• 2003

Objectives : In this study, the exposure status of the hazardous substances from incinerators, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), were studied , and the relationship between the exposure of these hazardous substances and their heath effects on the workers and residents near municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators and an industrial incinerator investigated. Methods : Between July 2001 and Jure 2002, 13 workers at two MSW incinerators, 16 residents from the area around the two MSW incinerators, 6 residents from the control area, and further 10 residents near an industrial incinerator, estimated to emit higher levels of hazardous substances, were interviewed. Information, including sociodemographic information, personal habits, and work history, detailed gynecologic and other medical history were collected through interviews. Blood samples were also collected from 45 subjects, and analyzed for PCDD/DFs, by high resolution gas chromatography -high resolution mass spectrometry, using the US EPA 1613 method. In addition to the questionnaire survey, urinary concentrations of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured as oxidative injury biomarkers. The urinary concentrations of 8-OH-dG were determined by in vitro ELISA, and the MDA by HPLC, using u adduct with thiobarbituric acid. Results : The PCDD/DFs concentrations in the residents near the industrial incinerator were higher than those in the controls, workers and residents near the MSW incinerators. The average TEQ (Toxic Equivalencies) concentrations of the PCDD/DFs in residents near the industrial incinerator were 53.4pg I-TEQs/g lipid. The estimated daily intakes were within the tolerable daily intake range (1-4 pg I-TEQ/Kg bw/day) suggested by WHO (1997) in only 30% to the people near the industrial incinerator. Animal studies have already shown that even a low body border of PCDD/DFs, such as 10 ng TEQ/kg bw, can cause oxidative damage in laboratory animals. Our study also showed that the same body burden of PCDD/DFs can cause oxidative damage to humans. Conclusions : The exposures to PCDD/DFs and the oxidative stress of residents near the industrial incinerator, were higher than those in the controls, workers and residents near the MSW incinerators. Proper protection strategies against these hazardous chemicals are needed. Because a lower body burden of PCDD/Fs, such as 10ng TEQ/kg bw, can cause oxidative damage, the tolerable daily intake range should be restrictedly limited to 1pg I-TEQ/kg bw/day.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.1765-1775
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• 2013

콘크리트 공시체의 압축강도와 연성성능을 향상시키기 위하여 FRP 와이어의 적용을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 와이어 보강겹수와 콘크리트 압축강도의 변화가 고려된 와이어 보강 공시체의 압축실험을 실시하였다. FRP 와이어 보강 공시체 압축실험에서 측정된 축방향변형률, 원주방향변형률, 체적변형률에 의한 와이어 내부 콘크리트의 손상상태를 분석하여 와이어 보강효과를 평가하였다. FRP 와이어 보강 공시체의 응력-변형률 선도는 두 개의 직선구간과 변환구간으로 구성된 것으로 측정되었으며, 균열이후구간에서 응력상승거동하였다. 와이어 보강 공시체의 균열강도와 최대강도는 와이어 보강겹수에 비례하여 증가하는 것으로 평가되었다. 와이어가 3겹 보강된 35 MPa 공시체의 최대강도는 무보강 공시체의 압축강도보다 286% 높게 측정되었다. FRP 와이어 보강 공시체의 내부 콘크리트 파괴형태는 i) 수직균열 또는 경사균열파괴; ii) 수평균열파괴로 구분되었다. 특히, 수평균열파괴는 와이어에 의한 구속약화로 인하여 갑자기 내부 콘크리트가 팽창하는 부분과 와이어가 아직 내부 콘크리트를 효과적으로 구속하는 부분의 전단효과로 발생하였으며, 수평균열은 공시체의 중앙부를 기준으로 여러 면으로 발생하였으며, 와이어에 의한 구속효과가 우수한 공시체에 발생하였다. FRP 와이어 보강 공시체 압축실험에서 와이어 최대파단변형률에 대한 인장파단변형률의 비가 55-90%로 측정되었으며, 평균 69.5%로 나타났다. 이는 일반 FRP 시트 보강 공시체 실험에서 측정된 시트 파단변형률보다 다소 높은 값으로 FRP 와이어 보강 공법의 우수성을 입증한다.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.228-249
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• 2018

In 2015, the population of elderly people in Thailand was 16% of the total population and is predicted to be over 20% by 2021 and nearly 28% by 2031. The increase of the elderly population in Thailand has also increased the proportion of dependent elderly people, and caring for them poses many challenges for both families and the government. This descriptive method research aimed to survey the health status of dependent older people in the rural community of Lampang province in northern Thailand. The participants consisted of 62 older people and 62 primary family caregivers from Hong Ha Health Promoting Hospital, Lampang, Thailand (totaling 124 people). The researchers assessed the health status of older people and their activities of daily living (ADL). In addition, researchers assessed the health status and stress of caregivers. All the participants were interviewed about their experiences with caregiving. The results showed that most of the older respondents were female with an average age of 78.15 years. Based on the ADL assessment, 50 of the 62 older persons were homebound while the rest were bedridden. The majority of older people had chronic or long-term conditions that required hospitalization from time to time. Their frequent health problems included oral disorders such as tooth decay or caries/gum disease/no teeth, reduced sight, psychological disorders, knee pain and risk of falling, low BMI, risk of malnutrition, and urinary leakage and incontinence (58.06%, 66.13%, 62.90%, 70.97%, 38.71%, 66.13%, and 37.10%, respectively). Usual care provided by the family members included personal hygiene care, food preparation and feeding, medication management, housekeeping and organizing necessary equipment, supply of needed equipment, prevention of falls, helping with travel for medical checkups and treatment, and providing companionship. Families experienced shortages of medical supplies, daily use equipment, lack of employment, inadequate income, and difficulty accessing health care services due to lack of transportation. Some caregivers experienced caregiving stress related to a lack of social interactions as well as routine caregiving activities. Families need different types of support in order to promote the well-being of older people and caregivers. This highlights the need for a community participation model for the care of older people in order to reflect sustainable long-term outcomes.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.324-329
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• 2000

Objective : Psychological factors may have a major influence on the outcome of treatment for back pain. We investigated the relationship between the outcome and some psychological factors, such as self-reported pain intensity, disability, sleep disturbance and fatigue. Method : The study was conducted as a survey using a questionnaire and telephone interviews. The survey included consecutive 294 patients who visited the neurosurgical out-patient department complaining of low back pain and contacted by telephone on average seven months after the first visit. Pain intensity was measured by visual analog scale, and disability was assessed by Waddell's chronic disability index. Results : The outcome of treatment for back pain was recovered in 36.7%, improved in 30.6%, almost same in 28.6%, and aggravated in 4.1%. Overall rate of improvement was 67.3%. The rate of improvement was related to the duration, patterns and intensity of the symptom, and Waddell index. It was not influenced by the doctors, special studies, and methods of treatment. When the duration was more than 6 months, there were the symptoms of both back and legs, and the self-reported Waddell index was 1-3, the rate of improvement was relatively low. Although the intensity of the pain and disability was closely related to the degree of sleep disturbance, fatigue, appetite, or indigestion, the outcome of treatment for back pain was not always bad in patients with high psychological stress. Actually the outcome of the patients who complained severe pain and disability was better than the outcome of the others. Conclusion : The outcome of the back pain can be predicted by the duration, patterns and intensity of the symptom, and Waddell index. The multidisciplinary treatment will be necessary for the patients whose expected outcome is not good to reduce not only the physical symptoms but also the psychological stress.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2009

Purpose : To grasp the mental burden for legal responsibility that rescue members have in the performance of job. Method : Questionnaire was presented to rescue members serving in 2 direct control safety centers of fire station located in Seoul, Daejon, Incheon, Kwangju, Busan, Daegu and Ulsan. Results : 1. Questioned whether they have mental burden for legal responsibility while performing job on the site, the rescue members responded : very burdensome in 38.0%, burdensome in 56.0%, moderate in 4.5%, not burdensome in 1.0%, no burden at all in 0.5%. 2. Questioned on the first aid treat for which they have the most mental burden, the rescue members responded : intubation into trachea laryngeal mask airway(LMA) in 40.4%, automatic external defibrillator in 16.3%, securing vein providing sap(medicine) in 10.8%, basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 7.2%, eliminating foreign matters inserted into body in 5.4%, stanching external bleeding and treating injury in 5.4%, fixing extremities and spine by using splint in 1.8%, measuring the symptom of vitality in 1.2%, providing oxygen in 0.0%. 3. Questioned whether experiencing legal problem or firm petition(complaint) raised by patient while serving as rescue members, they responded : experiencing a complaint in 41.6%, experiencing no complaint in 58.4%. Asked to indicate the stress level in the scale of which they suffered when lawsuit or firm petition was raised, 0(weak)-10(strong), they answered 8.8 in average. 4. Questioned whether 119 rescue members put the legal responsibility in case that they cause damage to patients intentionally in performing, they responded to the inquiry 3.66 in average(of 5.00). It represented meaningful differences (F=2.874, p=.024) whether they had license or not. 5. In future, legal action will raise against the rescue member by 99% because of people's rights improvement(63.1%), high expectations for the rescue system(29.5%), non-licensed rescue members(5.1%). Conclusion : It was found that the rescue members had severe mental burden for advanced life support which was investigated to have low enforcement rate in the preceding research, for instance, intubation into trachea securing vein management by using automatic external defibrillator. To improve the qualitative level of rescue service in the fire fighting, it may be required to construct the environment that eliminates the mental burden of rescue members for legal responsibility.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2003

암반 내에서 주입재는 토사지반에서와는 달리 절리면을 따라 맥상으로 주입되며 그 결과 암반 내의 불연속면의 특성을 변화시키게 된다. 그러므로 그라우팅 후 암반의 변형특성은 주입재가 주입되는 절리의 방향, 절리의 특성, 그리고 현지암반의 응력상태에 따라 달라지게 된다. 즉 그라우팅에 의한 보강효과를 정확히 평가하기 위해서는 암반 내의 불연속면의 특성과 주입재의 특성이 암반의 변형거동에 미치는 영향을 규명하여야 한다. 그러나 현재까지 현장에서 적용되고 있는 그라우팅공법은 시공자의 경험에 의존하고 있으며, 그 효과에 대한 검증도 현장에서의 탄성파속도 측정, 투수시험 등을 통하여 평가하고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 그라우팅에 의한 댐 기초 암반절리면의 전단변형특성을 파악하기 위해서 자연암석 절리면에 OPC(Ordinary Portland Cement)와 Micro Cement를 각각 주입하여, 주입재의 종류, 절리면 거칠기의 평균진폭(a)에 대한 주입두께(t)를 변화시켜가면서 암석절리면 직접전단시험을 실시한 실험결과들을 비교 분석하여 최대전단강도, 잔류전단강도 등의 전단특성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 검토하였다.

• 지질공학
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2017

이 연구는 저주파 결함 탐지법을 이용하여 하중단계에 따른 암석 내부의 상태를 정량적으로 평가하는 것이다. CND에 의한 초기 종파속도는 X축 방향 1687.5 m/s, Y축 방향 1690.7 m/s, Z축 방향 1548.3 m/s이며, 평균 1642.2 m/s로 Z축 < X축 < (${\fallingdotseq}$)Y축 관계를 보였다. 실버슈미트 해머에 의한 Q값의 전체 평균은 62.6으로 약 105 MPa의 일축압축강도에 해당되었다. 저주파 결함 탐지기에 의해 측정된 하중단계 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% 수준에서 종파속도 크기는 X축 < Y축 < Z축 순으로 대체적으로 하중단계가 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 하지만, 이들 값은 초기 종파속도와 다른 경향을 나타냈다. 하중단계가 증가함에 따라 Y축이나 Z축 방향보다 X축 방향의 종파속도를 감소시키는 요인이 더 많은 영향을 미쳤기 때문으로 판단된다. 이러한 사실은 암석 내부의 초기상태는 응력상태가 변화함에 따라 다르게 나타날 수 있다는 것을 의미한다.