• 청정기술
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.272-278
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• 2023

흡착을 이용한 오염물질 정화 방법에 많은 관심이 집중되고 있으며, 최근에는 바이오차를 이용하여 유기 및 무기오염물질 제거에도 이용할 수 있다는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 특히 폐자원 바이오매스로 폐목재는 바이오매스 재활용 방안이 필요한 상황으로 폐목재를 이용하여 생성된 바이오차를 흡착용량을 증가하기 위한 방법이 필요하다. 저온고압을 이용하여 에너지 소비가 낮고 수분 제거 전처리가 필요없는 열수가압탄화(Hydrothermal Carbonization, HTC)를 이용하여 탄화하여 바이오차를 생성하고, KOH, NaOH, ZnCl₂ 약품을 이용한 화학적 활성화법으로 생성된 바이오차를 약품별 활성화에 따른 요오드 흡착능, 비표면적, 세공크기, 세공부피, 세공분포 및 SEM을 분석하여 흡착특성을 파악하였다. HTC 300℃, 4 hr에서 생성된 바이오차를 KOH, NaOH, ZnCl₂ 약품별로 활성화로 생성된 바이오차 중 요오드흡착능이 높은 바이오차를 선정하여 비표면적, 세공부피, 세공크기 및 세공분포를 분석한 결과, 비표면적은 774~1.387 m²/g으로 활성탄과 같은 높은 비표면적을 나타냈으며, 평균세공크기 21~24 Å 범위의 미세공이 형성되었음을 확인하였다. 또한 SEM 관찰한 결과 활성화에 따라 표면이 일정한 형태의 균일한 세공이 발달되고 세공의 수가 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.293-303
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• 2016

이산화탄소 지중저장 기술은 이산화탄소 저감을 위한 가장 효과적인 방법 중 하나로 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이산화탄소 저장조건을 실험실에서 모사하였다. 사암과 셰일 시료를 1M NaCl 용액에 포화시킨 후 $45^{\circ}C$, 10기압의 조건에서 4주 동안 반응시키며 물리적 성질과 미세구조적 성질의 변화를 측정하였다. 부피, 밀도, 탄성파속도, 포아송비, 동탄성계수 등 모든 항목에서 사암 시료에 비해 셰일 시료의 물리적 성질 변화가 크게 나타났다. X선 단층촬영을 통한 미세구조 분석 결과 두 가지 시료 모두에서 공극의 총개수가 감소하였고, 각각의 공극들이 가지는 평균 부피, 평균 표면적, 평균 등가직경 등이 변화하였다. 이는 이산화탄소와 광물의 반응으로 인한 점토 광물의 팽창 및 유출이 원인인 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구결과는 이산화탄소 지중저장 시 발생되는 암반의 물리적, 미세구조적 변화를 예측하는 데 효과적으로 이용될 것으로 기대된다.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2005

Semicrystalline poly(ethylene terephthalate) (cPET)/amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) with isophthalic acid (aPET) blends with 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100 by weight ratios were dissolved in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)/methylene chloride (MC) (50/50, v/v) and electrospun via the electrospinning technique. Solution properties such as solution viscosity, surface tension and electric conductivity were determined. The solution viscosity slightly decreased as aPET content increased, while there was no difference in surface tension with respect to aPET composition. The characteristics of the electro spun cPET/aPET blend nonwovens were investigated in terms of their morphology, pore size and gas permeability. All these measurements were carried out before and after heat treatment for various blend weight ratios. The average diameter of the fibers decreased with increasing aPET composition due to the decrease in viscosity. Also, the morphology of the electrospun cPET/aPET blend nonwovens was changed by heat treatment. The pore size and pore size distribution varied greatly from a few nanometers to a few microns. The gas permeability after heat treatment was lower than that before heat treatment because of the change of the morphology.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.291-296
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• 2007

Porous $Al_2O_3-(m-ZrO_2)$ composites were fabricated by pressureless sintering, using different volume percentages (40% - 60%) of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) powders as a pore-forming agent. The pore-forming agent was successfully removed, and the pore size and shape were well-controlled during the burn-out and sintering processes. The average pore size in the porous $Al_2O_3-(m-ZrO_2)$ bodies was about $200\;{\mu}m$ in diameter. The values of relative density, bending strength, hardness, and elastic modulus decreased as the PMMA content increased; i.e., in the porous body (sintered at $1500^{\circ}C$) using 55 vol % PMMA, their values were about 50.8%, 29.8 MPa, 266.4 Hv, and 6.4 GPa, respectively. To make the $Al_2O_3-(m-ZrO_2)$/polymer hybrid composites, a bioactive polymer, such as PMMA, was infiltrated into the porous $Al_2O_3-(m-ZrO_2)$ composites. After infiltration, most of the pores in the porous $Al_2O_3-(m-ZrO_2)$ composites, which were made using 60 vol % PMMA additions, were infiltrated with PMMA, and their values of relative density, bending strength, hardness, and elastic modulus remarkably increased.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2020

ACF preparation from different materials has been attached with great attention during these years. This study was conducted to prepare activated carbon fiber (ACF) from luffa through the processes i.e pre-treatment, pre-oxidation and carbonization activation. Besides, this study also characterizes the ACF and its effect, i.e effect of pre-oxidation time and temperature also activation time and temperature on the compressive strength of ACF were investigated. The results from SEM, BET, FTIR and XRD show that the ACF is very efficient. The products under the optimum conditions had a specific surface area of 478.441 m2 /g with an average pore diameter of 3.783nm, and a pore volume of 0.193 cm3 /g. The surface of the luffa fiber is degummed and exposed, which is beneficial to the subsequent process and the increase of product properties. The compressive strength of HP-ACF was prepared under the optimum conditions, which can reach 0.2461 MPa. ACF is rich in micro-pores and has a good application prospect in the field of environmental protection.

• Carbon letters
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• 제20권
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

Activated carbon was synthesized from coconut shells. The Brunauer, Emmett and Teller surface area of the synthesized activated carbon was found to be 1640 m²/g with a pore volume of 1.032 cm³/g. The average pore diameter of the activated carbon was found to be 2.52 nm. By applying the size-strain plot method to the X-ray diffraction data, the crystallite size and the crystal strain was determined to be 42.46 nm and 0.000489897, respectively, which indicate a perfect crystallite structure. The field emission scanning electron microscopy image showed the presence of well-developed pores on the surface of the activated carbon. The presence of important functional groups was shown by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum. The adsorption of methyl orange onto the activated carbon reached 100% after 12 min. Kinetic analysis indicated that the adsorption of methyl orange solution by the activated carbon followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic mechanism (R² > 0.995). Therefore, the results show that the produced activated carbon can be used as a proper adsorbent for dye containing effluents.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate mechanical properties of the porous Ti implants according to porosity. Porous Ti implant will be had properties similar to human bone such as microstructure and mechanical properties. Methods: Porous Ti implant samples were fabricated by sintering of spherical Ti powders(below $25{\mu}m$, $25{\sim}32{\mu}m$, $32{\sim}38{\mu}m$, and $38{\sim}45{\mu}m$) in a high vacuum furnace. Specimen's diameter and height were 4mm and 40 mm. Surface and sectional images of porous Ti implants were evaluated by scanning electron microscope(SEM). Porosity and average pore size were evaluated by mercury porosimeter. Young's modulus and tensile strength were evaluated by universal testing machine(UTM). Results: Porosity of Implant was increased according to larger particle size of the powder. Boundary portions of particles are sintered fully and others portions were formed pore. Young's modulus was decreased by formed porous structure. Tensile strength was decreased according to larger the particle size of the powder, but higher than human bone. Conclusion: If prepared by adjust the porosity of the porous Ti implant will be able to resolve the stress shielding phenomenon.

• 멤브레인
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.52-61
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• 2005

폴리에틸렌 정밀여과 모세관막을 이용한 벤토나이트 콜로이드 현탁액의 투과유속 감소특성을 검토하였다. 운전시간이 경과하면서 투과유속이 감소되는 원인은 막표면 위에서 케익층의 성장과 입자들에 의한 세공막힘 때문이었으며, 운전시간이 경과하여 정상상태에 도달하면 투과유속은 케익여과 모델에 의해 지배받는다. 운전압력이 높은 경우의 투과유속 감소는 세공막힘과 케익층이 치밀해졌기 때문이다. 운전압력이 증가함에 따라 J/J₁는 감소하였으며, 0.5 kg/sub f//㎠일 때의 45%, 2.0 kg/sub f//㎠일 때 38%로 감소하였다. 운전압력 0.5 kg/sub f//㎠에서 총 막오염에 대한 성분오염의 비율은 표준세공막힘 14.6%, 완전세공막힘 23.4% 그리고 케익여과 62.0% 이었다. 순환흐름속도의 증가로 인해 투과유속은 증가하였고, 그 효과는 운전압력이 1.0 kg/sub f//㎠일 때가 운전압력 2.0 kg/sub f//㎠ 경우보다 컸다. 세공크기가 0.34 ㎛인 막의 투과유속은 세공의 크기가 0.24 ㎛인 막보다 컸으며, 용액의 농도에 따른 투과유속은 농도가 낮은 용액이 컸다. 세공크기가 0.34 ㎛인 막의 막오염 형태는 유사하지만 농도가 200 ppm인 용액의 경우 1000 ppm인 용액에 비하여 상대적으로 미약한 세공막힘 현상을 보였다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.403-409
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• 2005

For transdermal delivery of large molecular drugs such as vaccine and protein drugs, novel microneedle treatment device with roll was designed. The roll dimension is 1.43 cm diameter and 2.8 cm perimeter. Total number of microneedle on the roll is 3,360 with $230\;{\mu}m$ height and $740\;{\mu}m$ distance. The pore with $150\;{\mu}m$ depth and $35\;{\mu}m$ diameter on the skin was made by the designed microneedle device. This system could be achieved without pain. The permeation rates of FITC labelled ovalbumin (FITC-OVA, molecular weight: 45,000 g/mol) as a model protein were determined by modified Franz diffusion cells using skins of hairless mice or SD rats which were treated by using microneedle device two or four times. The average penetration fluxes of model protein increased from 674 to $872\;{\mu}g/cm^{2}{\cdot}hr$ as the number of treatment to make pore increased from two to four times. In conclusion, we confirmed the possibility of using the designed microneedle treatment device for transdermal delivery of the large molecular drugs.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.35-48
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• 2023

Nanoparticles are known for their outstanding properties such as particle size, surface area, optical and electrical properties. These properties have significantly boasted their applications in various surface phenomena. In this work, calcium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized from periwinkle shells as an approach towards waste management through resource recovery. The sol gel method was used for the synthesis. The nanoparticles were characterized using X-Ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier Transformed Infra-Red Spectrophotometer (FTIR), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultra violet visible spectrophotometer (UV-visible). While DLS and SEM underestimate the particle diameter, the BET analysis reveals surface area of 138.998 m²/g, pore volume = 0.167 m³/g and pore diameter of 2.47 nm. The nanoparticles were also employed as an adsorbent for the purification of dye (methyl orange) contaminated water. The adsorbent showed excellent removal efficiency (up to 97 %) for the dye through the mechanism of physical adsorption. The adsorption of the dye fitted the Langmuir and Temkin models. Analysis of FTIR spectrum after adsorption complemented with computational chemistry modelling to reveal the imine nitrogen group as the site for the adsorption of the dye unto the nanomaterials. The synthesized nanomaterials have an average particle size of 24 nm, showed a unique XRD peak and is thermally and mechanically stable within the investigated temperature range (30 to 70 ℃).