• International Journal of Contents
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a method to build an accurate initial trimap for the GrabCut algorithm without the need for human interaction. First, we identify a rough candidate for the label region of a bottle by applying a saliency map to find a salient area from the image. Then, the Hough Transformation method is used to detect the left and right borders of the label region, and the k-means algorithm is used to localize the upper and lower borders of the label of the bottle. These four borders are used to build an initial trimap for the GrabCut method. Finally, GrabCut segments accurate regions for the label. The experimental results for 130 wine bottle images demonstrated that the saliency map extracted a rough label region with an accuracy of 97.69% while also removing the complex background. The Hough transform and projection method accurately drew the outline of the label from the saliency area, and then the outline was used to build an initial trimap for GrabCut. Finally, the GrabCut algorithm successfully segmented the bottle label with an average accuracy of 92.31%. Therefore, we believe that our method is suitable for product label recognition systems that automatically segment product labels. Although our method achieved encouraging results, it has some limitations in that unreliable results are produced under conditions with varying illumination and reflections. Therefore, we are in the process of developing preprocessing algorithms to improve the proposed method to take into account variations in illumination and reflections.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.118-127
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was undertaken to assess the sanitary conditions in the kitchens of food court/cafeterias and determine seasonal variations. Methods: We measured environmental factors (air temperature, relative humidity, illumination intensity, noise level), and dropping airborne microbes (bacteria and fungi) in the kitchens of eight food court/cafeterias in four seasons (January, April, July, and October). Air temperature and relative humidity were measured with in/out thermo-hygrometers at 1.2-1.5 m above floor level. Illuminance measurement was performed through the multiple point method of Korean Standards (KS). Noise level was measured by the standard methods for the examination of environmental pollution (noise and vibration) of Korea. The estimation of dropping airborne bacteria and fungi was performed through use of Koch's method. Results: The highest kitchen air temperature was in July, and the lowest in January. The average temperature surpassed $21^{\circ}C$ throughout the seasons, suggesting a higher temperature than required for the safe handling of food. Humidity in all the kitchens was measured in the range of 50-60%. Half of the kitchens showed illumination intensities below 300 Lux in April. It was found that the sound pressure level of noise in almost all of the kitchens was higher than 85 dB (A). The highest levels of dropping airborne bacteria and fungi were noted in July. The numbers of airborne bacteria were higher than those of fungi. The levels of dropping airborne bacteria and fungi were affected by air temperature, relative humidity, season, and place. Conclusions: This study indicates that the kitchen environments were unqualified to supply safe food. The hygiene level of the kitchens should be improved.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.37-43
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• 1989

광에 대한 어류의 행동을 조사하기 위하여, 벵에돔 Girella punctata에 광의 세기가 서로 다른 8가지 백색인공광원으로 광자극을 주어, 그에 대한 반응을 주간과 야간으로 구분 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 광자극에 대한 수조내의 구간별분포는 광원의 반대쪽 구간에 많이 모여 분포곡선은 L자형이 되었으나, 광의 세기에 따라 그 형태가 다소 차이가 있었으나 주야간이 차이는 뚜렷하지 않았다. 2. 수중조도가 높아짐에 따라 광원쪽에 모이는 경향이 주간에는 적었으나 야간에는 더 많았다. 3. 집어율이 최대가 되는 수중조도(적정조도)는 주간에 2.98 lux(1.90~4.40 lux), 야간에 298.56 lux(188.44~444.96 lux), 야간이 더 높았으며, 최대집어율은 주간에 38.73%, 야간에 40.60%로서 야간에 더 높았다. 4. 조명시간이 경과함에 따라 집어율은 증가한 후 감소하거나, 증가한 후 감소하였다가 다시 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 계속 불안정하게 변동했으며 주야간의 차이도 다소 있었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권10호
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• pp.3490-3507
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• 2014

License plate detection (LPD) is one of the most important aspects of an automatic license plate recognition system. Although there have been some successful license plate recognition (LPR) methods in past decades, it is still a challenging problem because of the diversity of plate formats and outdoor illumination conditions in image acquisition. Because the accurate detection of license plates under different conditions directly affects overall recognition system accuracy, different methods have been developed for LPD systems. In this paper, we propose a license plate detection method that is rapid and robust against variation, especially variations in illumination conditions. Taking the aspects of accuracy and speed into consideration, the proposed system consists of two stages. For each stage, Haar-like features are used to compute and select features from license plate images and a cascade classifier based on the concatenation of classifiers where each classifier is trained by an AdaBoost algorithm is used to classify parts of an image within a search window as either license plate or non-license plate. And it is followed by connected component analysis (CCA) for eliminating false positives. The two stages use different image preprocessing blocks: image preprocessing without adaptive thresholding for the first stage and image preprocessing with adaptive thresholding for the second stage. The method is faster and more accurate than most existing methods used in LPD. Experimental results demonstrate that the LPD rate is 98.38% and the average computational time is 54.64 ms.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 광생물 반응기의 조명 시스템으로 활용될 LED(Light-Emitting Diode)용 도광판의 광학설계 및 제작 결과에 대해 보고한다. 도광판 설계를 위해 광원, 반사필름, 도광판 패턴에 대한 모델링을 수행하였다. 특히, 도광판 패턴의 경우 램버시안 산란체(Lambertian Scatterer)로 모델링을 수행하였는데, 테스트용으로 제작된 도광판의 조도분포와 부합하는 모델 파라미터(반사율, 산란체의 폭)를 매칭 시뮬레이션을 통하여 추출하였다. 추출된 모델 파라미터를 사용하여 광학설계를 수행하였으며, CNC(Computer Numerical Control) 가공을 통해 도광판을 제작하였고, 평균조도와 조도균일도 등의 광학 특성을 측정하였다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 약병의 크기와 색상정보 특징을 추출하여 약병영상 분류 기법을 제안한다. 약병영상 분류에 있어 유사한 크기와 모양을 지닌 약병이 다양하게 존재하므로, 약병의 한 가지 특징만으로는 약병을 분류하기가 어렵다. 이러한 약병의 분류 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 약병의 크기와 색상정보의 특징을 추출하여 약병을 분류하였다. 제안된 알고리즘의 첫 번째 단계에서는 약병영상에서 Red, Green, Blue의 이진화 문턱치(Binary threshold)를 이용하여 약병 영역의 MBR(Minimum Boundary Rectangle)을 추출하여 크기로 분류하였고, 두 번째 단계에서는 크기로 분류된 약병영상 가운데 조명의 조도 변화에 강인한 색상(Hue)정보와 RGB 각각의 채널에 대한 컬러 평균 비율 정보를 이용하여 약병을 분류하였으며, 마지막 단계에서는 SURF(Speeded Up Robust Features)알고리즘을 사용하여 데이터베이스에서 특징점을 추출한 후보군 약병영상과 입력 약병영상의 유사도가 가장 높은 약병영상을 검색하여 약병을 분류하였다. 실험을 통해 이러한 방법이 보다 효율적이고 신뢰성 있음을 입증하였다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

The final aim of this study was to propose guidelines for the indoor environment of apartment remodeling projects. The first task of this study was to understand the major elements and the actual condition of the remodeling for apartment unit by carrying out in-depth interviews on residents and specialists. The open-access interviews were conducted with interior designers who have a wide experience of apartment remodeling and residents who live in recently remodeled apartment units. The second task was to evaluate the actual condition of the indoor environment and to analyze the main factors that affect the indoor environment in remodeled apartment units. Field measurements were carried out in twenty apartment units occupied after remodeling, recording indoor environment elements (indoor temperature, globe temperature, relative humidity, $CO_2$, CO, PM10, TVOC, HCHO, illumination, and equivalent noise level). Moreover, resident interviews and researcher observations were carried out to determine the contents of the remodeled unit and to investigate the architectural and living factors(like ventilation characteristics, etc.) related to the indoor environment. The results are as follows. The remodeling elements generally included the changing of lighting fixtures and finishing materials in all the spaces, the integration of the balcony into the children's room, the installation of furniture in the kitchen and the entrance, the changing storage furnitures and equipments in the bathroom. The average levels of each unit of relative humidity, $CO_2$, TVOC, HCHO, equivalent noise level, and illumination were proved to be on the whole in inadequate condition. The factors that affect these indoor elements were classified as remodeling factors (remodeling amounts, extent balcony integration, and lighting fixture exchange), ventilation characteristics, and living factors. According to these results, this research proposed the guidelines for the indoor environment in apartment remodeling projects.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2005

유도방전을 이용한 무전극 램프는 전극을 필요로 하지 않기 때문에 긴 수명을 갖으며 안정기 출력의 변화에 대해서도 매우 강한 특성을 갖는다. 본 논문에서는 무전극 램프 조광제어를 위한 두 가지 새로운 알고리즘을 제안하였고 이를 적용한 공진형 인버터에 대하여 기술하였다. 제안된 두 가지 조광제어 알고리즘은 주로 LCD 백라이트의 조광제어에 적용되는 버스트 디밍 기법을 기초로 한다. 제안된 두 가지 방식중 하나는 개선된 버스트 디밍 기법으로 간단한 디지털 논리회로를 이용한 제어회로를 통해 $5\%$ 단위의 시비율로 조도조절이 가능한 방식이며, 나머지 하나는 버스트 PWM 평균 시비율 제어 기법으로 다소 복잡한 제어회로를 통해 $1\%$ 단위의 시비율로 조도조절이 가능한 방식이다. 본 논문에서는 100W급 무전극 램프를 대상으로 실시한 실험결과를 통해 제안된 조광제어 알고리즘의 유효성을 입증하였다.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2002년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.807-810
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• 2002

$GdPO_4$:Tb phosphor particles with spherical shape and high photoluminescence were prepared by spray pyrolysis. The brightness of prepared $GdPO_4$:Tb under the vacuum ultraviolet(VUV) illumination was comparable with that of the commercial $Zn_2SiO_4$:Mn phosphor particles. The photoluminescence spectra of $GdPO_4$:Tb phosphor particles had maximum peak at 547 nm, and the sharp peaks at 480 nm, 580 nm, and 620 nm. The spherical morphology of prepared $GdPO_4$:Tb particles was completely maintained even after the posttreatment up to 1100 $^{\circ}C$. When the posttreatment temperature was over 1100 $^{\circ}C$, the particles did not have the spherical shape anymore. The average particle size of $GdPO_4$:Tb phosphor particles prepared by using $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$ was changed from 0.5 to 1.9 ${\mu}m$ and its effect on the PL intensity was investigated. It was found that the optimized $GdPO_4$:Tb particles have a good excitation spectrum comparable to that of the commercial $Zn_2SiO_4$:Mn phosphor particles under the VUV illumination from 140 to 220 nm. We concluded that the $GdPO_4$:Tb phosphor particles with spherical shape prepared by spray pyrolysis is a promising candidate for a green-emitting PDP phosphor.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.144-149
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• 1988

광에 대한 어류의 행동을 조사하기 위하여 까치복 Fugu xanthopterus에 광의 세기가 서로 다른 8가지 백색인공광원으로 광자극을 주어, 그에 대한 반응을 주간과 야간으로 구분 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 광자극에 대한 수조내의 구간별분포는 광원쪽구간에 많이 모여 분포곡선은 대체로 L자형이 되었으나, 광의 세기에 따라 그 형태가 다소 차이가 있었으며 주야간의 차이는 뚜렷하지 않았다. 2. 수중조도가 높아짐에 따라 광원쪽에서 더 많이 모이는 경향을 나타냈으며 주간보다 야간에 다소 많이 모였다. 3. 집어율이 최대가 되는 수중조도(적정조도)는 298.56 lux(188.44~444.96 lux)로써 주야간에 같았으며, 최대집어율은 주간에 47.30%, 야간에 50.43%로써 야간에 더 높았다. 4. 조명시간이 경과함에 따라 집어율은 증가하거나 증가한 후 감소하는 경향을 보였으나, 계속 불안정하게 변동했으며 주야간의 차이는 뚜렷하지 않았다.