• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.86-90
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• 2012

This study assessed the association between vitamin D sufficiency (serum 25(OH)D ${\geq}30ng/mL$) and alcohol consumption using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2009. The following characteristics were obtained in 7,010 Korean participants ${\geq}19$-years-of-age: serum 25(OH)D level, alcohol consumption (drinking frequency, drinking number of alcoholic beverages on a typical occasion, average daily-alcohol intake), and potential confounders (age, residence, housing status, occupation, total fat and lean mass, smoking, physical activity, history of liver diseases, liver function, and daily intake of energy, protein, and calcium). After adjusting for confounders, vitamin D sufficiency in men was significantly associated with drinking frequency, number of alcoholic drinks consumed, and average daily alcohol intake; odds ratio of 1.21-1.72, 2.17-3.04, and 2.27-3.09, respectively. Increase in the three alcohol drinking-related behaviors was also linearly associated with increase in serum 25(OH)D level in men. By comparison, there was no significant association between alcohol intake and serum 25(OH)D level in women. The positive association between vitamin D sufficiency and alcohol consumption was evident only in Korean men.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1081-1088
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• 2002

Flavonoids are phytochemicals that occur ubiquitously in plant foods that have been reported to have potential roles in the prevention of cancer, inhibition of platelet aggregation or inflammation. However, there was no accurate data reported on the intake of middle-aged Korean population. The present study was designed to assess dietary intake of flavonoids (including isoflavones) of 304 adults (20-59 yr, male 115, famale 189) living in Daejeon area using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 50 food items, including vegetables, soy products, seaweeds, nuts and beans, fruits and beverages. Our self-administered questionnaire contained questions regarding subject's habitual diet and alcohol intake over the previous 3 months. Average daily intake of individual flavonols such as quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, and flavones such as luteolin, apigenin was 15.7, 8.7, 0.21, 2.07, 0.03 mg/day, respectively. Daily intake of daidzein and genistein, which are the commonly found isoflavones in soy products, were 16.6 and 21.4 mg/day, respectively. Combined intake of flavonoids was 64.3 mg/day. No effect of smoking, drinking and exercise was observed on flavonoids consumption. Food items that has the highest daily intake of each compounds were; quercetin (onion, 9.49 mg/day), kaempferol (strawberry, 1.18 mg/day), myricetin (green tea, 0.81 mg/day), apigenin (lettuce, 0.03 mg/day), luteolin (onion, 0.05 mg/day), daidzein (soybean sprout, 5.99 mg/day), genistein (soybean sprout, 7.02 mg/day). These findings provide valuable information on understanding the dietary flavonoids intake from a typical Korean daily diet, which might help to identify the risks for developing various diseases.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.228-237
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the smoking status among adult workers, and current status of sugar intake. Methods: The survey included 500 men working in Gyeonggi-do from October to November in 2016. Questionnaire items covered their age, working status, smoking status, eating habits, eating behaviors, snack consumption status, habits and behaviors related to sugar intake. All data were analyzed by SPSS program (Ver. 23) and descriptive statistics was performed; a t-test, ${\chi}^2$ test, One-way ANOVA and Scheffe test were used for post-hoc test. Results: The study results showed that eating habits and behaviors of non-smokers were better than those of smokers. The frequency of daily snack consumption was the highest in smokers compared to and non-smokers. The smokers' favorite taste after smoking was 'Sweet'. The average score of sugar-related nutrition knowledge was higher in non-smokers compared to smokers. Non-smokers had better recognition of 'sugar reduction', and smokers were more likely to eat sweet foods, respectively. On the other hand, non-smokers could observe that they were trying to control themselves for health reasons. According to the results of the study, non-smokers showed better eating habits and dietary habits and consumed less sugar. Also, it was found that non-smokers tried to drink more water than beverages and refrain from eating sweets to reduce their sugar intake. Further, the most of the bread, coffee and beverages were also consumed at a lower frequency by non-smokers compared to smokers. Conclusions: This study results showed that smoking and sugar consumption were closely related. Therefore, adult workers should actively promote and learn so that they can maintain healthy and suitable dietary habits through reduction of sugar consumption.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.253-265
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• 2021

이 연구는 중소규모 사업장 남성 흡연근로자의 6개월 금연 성공에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위하여 실시하였다. 연구대상자는 2018년 1월부터 2020년 12월까지 G금연지원센터 찾아가는 금연지원 서비스를 이용한 경남지역의 중소규모 사업장 흡연 남성 근로자 767명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구 결과는 중소규모 사업장 흡연 남성 근로자의 6개월 금연 성공률은 20.2%였다. 6개월 금연 성공과 관련된 요인의 다중로지스틱 회귀분석의 결과를 보면 6개월 금연 성공에 영향을 주는 요인으로 연령은 29세 이하, 40~49세는 50세 이상에 비해 성공률이 더 낮았다(OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.03-0.29), (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.24-0.76). 하루 평균 흡연량이 11~20개비, 21개비 이상이 1~10개비에 비해 성공률이 더 낮았다(OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.34-0.80), (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.24-0.90). 가족 금연지지자는 배우자와 기타 가족 군이 가족 금연지지자가 없는 군에 비해 성공률이 더 높았다(OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.18-3.34). 본 연구 결과를 보면 가족 금연지지자가 배우자와 기타 가족이 함께 금연지지를 할 때 6개월 금연 성공에 영향을 미친다. 이를 바탕으로 첫째, 중소규모 사업장 흡연 남성 근로자의 금연 상담을 위한 금연프로그램 개발 시 금연지지자와 함께 할 수 있는 상담 내용을 개발하고, 상담에 함께 참여하여야 한다. 둘째, 금연지지 프로그램을 개발하고, 금연지지자들에게 제공하여 금연을 하는 대상자에게 적용한다면 금연 성공에 더 효과적일 것이다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.119-123
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• 1995

This study was carried out to obtain the information concerning nutritional status, including factors of food habits of 293 men working at industry in Ulsan area. The subjects of this study were composed of 152 clerical workers and 141 physical workers. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: Average age of this subjects was 34.7 years (ranging from 21 to 52), the mean height and weight were 171.5 cm and 66.9 kg, corresponding to the BMI of 22.7. The mean food habit score was 4.4 (ranging from 0 to 9.5) and the mean nutrition knowledge score was 4.9 (ranging from 0 to 10.0) which showed significant correlations with food habit score. Dietary intake data showed the average daily intake of energy, protein, calcium and iron were higher than Korean recommended dietary allowances (RDA), vitamin A, $B_1,\;B_2$, niacin, ascorbic acid were lower than RDA. Among the various influential factors, nutrition knowledge, drinking, smoking and prevalence symptoms of subjects correlated with food habits significantly.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2663-2667
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• 2012

Objectives: An attempt was made to understand the nicotine dependence of smokers selected for an ongoing smoking cessation intervention programme in rural Kerala, India. Methods: Data were collected from resident males in the age group of 18 to 60 years from 4 randomly allocated community development blocks of rural Thiruvananthapuram district (2 intervention and 2 control groups). Trained accredited social health activist workers were utilised to collect data from all groups through face to face interview. Nicotine dependence among participants was assessed by means of the six-item Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) translated into the local language. The internal consistency of FTND was computed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Criterion validity (concurrent) was assessed by correlations of nicotine dependence scores with age at initiation of smoking and cumulative smoking volume in pack-years. Results: Among the 928 smokers identified, 474 subjects were in the intervention area (mean age = 44.6 years, SD = 9.66 years) and 454 in the control area (mean age = 44.5 years, SD = 10.30 years). The overall FTND score among current daily smokers was 5.04 (SD: 5.05). FTND scores in the control and intervention areas were 4.75 (SD: 2.57) and 4.92 (SD: 2.51) respectively. The FTND scores increased with age and decreased with higher literacy and socioeconomic status. The average FTND score was high among smokers using both bidi and cigarettes (mean 6.10, SD 2.17). Internal consistency analysis yielded a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.70 in a subsample of 150 subjects, a moderate result. The association of the scale was strongest, with the number of pack-years smoked (rho = 0.677, p < 0.001). Conclusion: A moderate level of nicotine dependence was observed among smokers in the current study. Tobacco cessation strategies could be made more cost effective and productive if a baseline assessment of nicotine dependence is completed before any intervention.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.168-174
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate correlation between soybean and their products consumption and risk factors for atherosclerosis in the healthyKorean adults. Health behaviors such as smoking, exercise, alcohol consumption and dietary patterns and nutrient intakes of 193 healthy adult subjects aged from 26 to 69 were assessed by using interview and semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The BMI, blood pressure and biochemical parameters of blood were examined as well as preferences for taste and family history of disease. Data were expressed as quartile according to soybean and their products consumption. The average daily soybean and their product consumption for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th percentile group were 36, 78, 112, and 182g, respectively. The more consumption of soybean and their products, the more intake of energy, protein, lipid, fiber, Ca, cholesterol as well as frequency of exercise, smoking and drinking. Serum TG, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and AI as risk factors of atherosclerosis were positively correlated with smoking and drinking (p<0.05). Especially, serum TG was positively correlated with hypertension and BMI (p<0.01). But, no correlation between exercise, salty taste, meat preference, soybean products consumption and atherosclerosis risk factors was found, which means that life styles such as smoking and drinking rather than dietary habits might influence atherosclerosis in healthy adults. In conclusion, present soy products consumption should be increased by way of developing new generation soy products in order to exert anti-atherosclerotic effect by soybean in human.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.175-186
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to provide useful information which will aid in the promotion of nutritional policy in the Korean rural area which are derived from a survey of intake and source of protein in some Korean rural adults and the correlations between their protein nutrition and various nutrients, the uses of tobacco, alcohol, coffee, etc. The survey was conducted from July, 24 through July, 18, 1989. The healthy subjects were 45 males(average age 42.3, average BMI 22.1kg/m2) and 55 females (44 years, 21.2 kg/m2) residing in Sungjoo Kyun, Chulanam-Do, Korea. The subjects were examined for the anthropometric, food Intake and food habits. Their daily diets were measured by 24-hr recall method. The results can be summarized as follows : The daily mean protein intakes of male and female subjects were 9595 of RDA(66, 5g) (16. 7% of total food intake per day) and 102.3Bh of RDA(61g) (14.8% of total intake per day) respectively. The order of sources of animal protein in all subjects was fish(47.9%), meat(29.8%), milk (12%), and egg(10.3%). Among protein sources the intake frequencies of fork and chicken were higher than those of others. The protein nutrition of the subjects showed positive correlations with energy and fat, carbohydrate, fiber at the level of significance of 1%. The protein nutrition of the male subjects showed no correlation with age, BMI, uses of alcohol, coffee, medicine, but the plant protein nutrition showed a positive correlation with smoking and exercise(at 5%). And the protein nutrition of the male subjects showed no correlations with uses of tobacco, alcohol, coffee, medicine and their opinion of their present state of their health, but the age of the male subjects showed negative correlations with milk(at 1%) and egg(at 5%). In conclusion, the daily protein Intake was good and the main sources of animal protein were fishes in rural adults. The protein nutrition of the subjects showed a correlation with energy, fat, carbohydrate and in the case of female, milk and egg intakes showed the negative correlation with age.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.159-168
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• 1998

This survey was carried out to obtain the information concerning nutritional status, including factors of food intake and health condition of elderly living in Ulsan area. Main results were as follows. 1) Average height of subjects was close to Korean reference, while weight was below Korean reference, average obesity rate and body mass index were +6.93% and 21.9. 2) In health related factors, 41% of subjects exercised regularly, 31.6% of subjects drank alcoholic beverage, and 41.4% of subjects smoked currently. 3) Mean food habits score was 32.1(ranging from 10 to 50) and milk and lipid food intake were decreased. 4) Dietary intake data showed the average daily intake of all nutrients except phosphorus, were lower than RDA, especially vitamin A, calcium and zinc were lower than other nutrients. According to the percentage of RDA, vitamin A was the nutrient found to be least sufficient. 5) Among the various influential factors resident type, pocket money, exercise and smoking influenced on nutrient intake considerably

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.535-542
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• 2011

본 연구는 청소년의 흡연 실태와 흡연 관련 구강건지식 수준을 파악하기 위하여 2011년 6월 14일부터 7월 12일까지 전라북도 익산시에 소재하고 있는 4개 중학교의 1, 2, 3학년 학생을 대상으로 편의표본추출법에 의한 자기기입식의 설문조사를 실시하여 1,219명의 설문지를 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 12.0 프로그램을 이용하여 통계분석을 실시하였으며, 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 흡연 학생은 10.6%였으며, 흡연 남학생이 16.0%, 흡연 여학생이 5.4%로 나타났다. 2. 흡연기간은 1년 미만이 51.6%로 가장 많았고, 평균 하루 흡연량은 10개피 미만이 91.9%였으며, 흡연동기로는 호기심이 52.8%로 가장 높았다. 3. 흡연 관련 구강건강지식수준은 평균 평점 0.85점 중 구취(0.95점), 구강암(0.94점), 치주질환(0.93점)에서 평균 이상으로 나타났으며, 충치(0.70점)와 미각 둔화(0.77)는 평균 이하로 나타났다. 4. 흡연구강건강지식수준은 1학년이 5.28점으로 가장 높았으며(p<0.01), 생활만족도가 높을수록 흡연 관련 구강건강지식수준이 높았다(p<0.05). 5. 니코틴의존도는 학년이 높을수록 높았고(P<0.01), 흡연 일수(${\beta}=0.407$, p<0.001)와 흡연기간(${\beta}=0.235$, p<0.01)이 니코틴의존도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.