• 제목/요약/키워드: Available phosphate

검색결과 431건 처리시간 0.025초

우리나라 논토양(土壤)의 화학적(化學的) 특성(特性) 분석(分析) (Monitoring on Chemical Properties of Bench Marked Paddy Soils in Korea)

  • 정병간;조국현;윤을수;윤정희;김유학
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.246-252
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    • 1998
  • 우리나라 논 토양 화학적 특성을 주기적으로 조사하기 위하여 도별(道別), 지대별(地帶別), 지형별(地形別) 분포 면적비를 고려하여 1,168점의 토양시료를 채취하여 검정한 결과 논 토양의 평균 화학성분함량은 pH는 5.6, 유기물(有機物) $25g\;kg^{-1}$, 유효인산(有效燐酸) $128mg\;kg^{-1}$, 유효규산(有效珪酸) $72mg\;kg^{-1}$이며, 치환성칼륨, 칼슘 및 마그네슘은 각각 0.32, 4.0, $1.2cmol^+\;kg^{-1}$이었고, 동일지점에서 1990년의 조사치보다 유효인산함량은 증가하였으나, 유효규산, 유기물등 대부분의 화학성분은 감소하였다. 조사된 토양중 화학성분이 수도(水稻)생육의 적정범위(週正範圍)에 있는 토양의 분포비율은 pH 14.9%, 유기물 24.6%, 유효인산 21.3%, 유효규산은 6.2%이고, 치환성칼륨, 칼슘 및 마그네슘은 각각 19.7, 13.5, 14.5%이었다. 지대별(地帶別), 토양화학성분함량을 보면 노령동서내륙(盧嶺東西內陸)에서 pH가, 호남내육지대(湖南內陸地帶)에서는 유효인산함량이 남부해안지대(南部海岸地帶)는 유기물과 치환성칼륨이, 태백고랭지대(太白高冷地帶)는 치환성칼슘이, 동해안남부지대(東海岸南部地帶)는 치환성마그네슘이, 남서해안지대(南西海岸地帶)에서는 유효규산함량이 각각 가장 높았다. 지형별(地形別) 토양화학성분함량은 하해혼성평탄지(河海混成平坦地)에서는 유기물과 치환성칼슘, 마그네슘함량이 제일 높았고, 산록경사지(山麓傾斜地)에서 유효인산, 유효규산, 치환성칼륨함량이 각각 높았으며, 이와는 반대로 하성평탄지(河成平坦地)에서는 유효규산함량이 가장 낮았고, 홍적대지(洪積臺地)에서 유기물과 유효인산, 치환성칼륨이, 산록경사지(山麓傾斜地)에서 치환성칼슘과 마그네슘함량이 가장 낮았으며, pH는 지형에 관계없이 비슷한 경향이었다. 연대별 토양비옥도 변동은 pH과 유기물은 큰 변동이 없고, 유효인산과 치환성칼륨함량은 증가하는 추세이며, 치환성칼슘과 마그네슘함량은 계속 감소하며, 유효규산함량은 농토배양사업으로 증가되다가 계속 감소하는 경향이었다.

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Enhancement effect of phosphate and silicate on water defluoridation by calcined gypsum

  • Al-Rawajfeh, Aiman Eid;Alrawashdeh, Albara I.;Aldawdeyah, Asma;Hassan, Shorouq;Qarqouda, Ruba
    • Advances in environmental research
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.35-49
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    • 2013
  • Research work on removal of fluoride from water, referred to as water defluoridation, has resulted into the development of a number of technologies over the years but they suffer from either cost or efficiency drawbacks. In this work, enhancement effects of phosphate and silicate on defluoridation of water by low-cost Plaster of Paris (calcined gypsum) were studied. To our knowledge, the influence of silicate on defluoridation was not reported. It was claimed, that the presence of some ions in the treated water samples, was decreasing the fluoride removal since these ions compete the fluoride ions on occupying the available adsorption sites, however, phosphate and silicate ions, from its sodium slats, have enhanced the fluoride % removal, hence, precipitation of calcium-fluoro compounds of these ions can be suggested. Percentage removal of $F^-$ by neat Plaster is 48%, the electrical conductance (EC) curve shows the typical curve of Plaster setting which begins at 20 min and finished at 30 min. The addition of phosphate and silicate ions enhances the removal of fluoride to high extent > 90%. Thermodynamics parameters showed spontaneous fluoride removal by neat Plaster and Plaster-silicate system. The percentage removal with time showed second-order reaction kinetics.

비할로겐형 phosphate계 난연제의 합성 및 특성결정 (Synthesis and Characterization of Non-halogen Type Phosphorus-Based Flame Retardants)

  • 한영균;민성기;박찬영
    • Elastomers and Composites
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    • 제49권4호
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    • pp.313-322
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    • 2014
  • 난연제 가운데 가장 많이 사용되는 할로겐 함유 난연제는 사용상 환경적인 제한을 받고 있어서 비할로겐타입인 인계에 기초한 난연제가 각광을 받고 있다. 난연제는 수지에 가해지는 경우에 흔히 열분해와 기계적 특성저하를 일으킨다. 물성의 열화를 최소화하고 충분한 난연성을 얻기 위한 시도로 새로운 난연제에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구에 있어서는 diaryl alkyl phosphate esters, aromatic phosphate esters 및 phosphonium nitron 난연제 등 세가지 형태의 비할로겐 인계에 기초한 난연제를 합성하여 GC, IR 및 TGA 등으로 합성 및 열적 특성을 확인하였다.

병아리에서 인산칼슘 첨가제의 생물학적 이용성 (Biological Availability of Various Sources of Ca and P Supplements in Young Chicks)

  • 이재호;지규만
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제15권3호
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    • pp.219-227
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    • 1988
  • 본 실험은 사료첨가제로 사용되는 인산칼슘제에 들어있는 Ca과 P의 생물학적 이용성을 측정 비교하고자 실시하였다. 5일령의 수평아리를 사용하여 12 일간의 실험기간 후에 경골의 회분함량율 기준으로 하여 표준계선에 의한 least square방식으로 측정한 이용성의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. P의 이용성은 DiCa-P첨가제가 각각 77.1, 91.0, 96.4 그리고 95.5%를 나타냈고 TriCa-P첨가제는 각각 94.1, 95.0 및 99.5%를 나타냈다. 2. Ca의 이용성은 DiCa-P 첨가제에서 각각 78.3, 234.1, 87.6 그리고 244.5%였고 TriCa-P첨가제는 각각 99.5, 84.0 및 101.5 %였다. 3. 전반적으로 TriCa-P첨가제가 DiCa-P첨가제보다 이용성이 약간 높게 나타났다. 4. 국산과 외국산 인산칼슘제의 이용성의 차이는 없었다.

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잉어(Cyprinus carpio) 사료 내 돈 분뇨 유래 Magnesium Hydrogen Phosphate (MgHPO4)의 적정 첨가수준 및 인 요구량 (Phosphorus Requirement and Optimum Level of Dietary Supplementation with Magnesium Hydrogen Phosphate (MgHPO4) Recovered from Swine Manure for Juvenile Carp Cyprinus carpio)

  • 윤태현;원승건;이동훈;정관식;최정우;라창식;김정대
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제50권2호
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    • pp.146-152
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    • 2017
  • A growth trial was conducted to determine the optimal supplement of dietary magnesium hydrogen phosphate (MHP, $MgHPO_4$) which was manufactured from swine manure and phosphorus (P) requirements of juvenile carp Cyprinus carpio. Graded MHP of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%, each was added to the basal diet (control) in lieu of cellulose to become the range of available P from 0.4 to 0.7%. The lowest weight gain (WG) and highest feed conversion ratio (FCR) were found in the control group (P<0.05). The group fed a diet supplemented with 2.0% MHP showed the highest WG, which was not significantly different from those of fish groups that received 1.0% and 1.5% MHP (P>0.05). The lowest FCR was observed in fish groups fed 1.5% and 2.0% MHP. Plasma inorganic P was significantly higher (P<0.05) in all fish groups fed MHP-supplemented diets than in control group. A second-order regression analysis on WG revealed that the optimum dietary MHP level and the available P (AP) requirement were found to be 1.85 and 0.66%, respectively. Expressed in terms of 'g AP intake per kg $BW^{0.8}$ per day', the AP requirement was found to be approximately 0.032 g/kg $BW^{0.8}/d$.

Optimal Incorporation Level of Dietary Alternative Phosphate (MgHPO4) and Requirement for Phosphorus in Juvenile Far Eastern Catfish (Silurus asotus)

  • Yoon, Tae-Hyun;Lee, Dong-Hoon;Won, Seung-Gun;Ra, Chang-Six;Kim, Jeong-Dae
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.111-119
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    • 2015
  • A growth trial was conducted to determine the optimal incorporation level of dietary magnesium hydrogen phosphate (MHP, $MgHPO_4$), which was manufactured from swine manure and phosphorus (P), required by juvenile far eastern catfish (Silurus asotus). Graded MHP of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%, and 2.0% monocalcium phosphate (MCP) each was added to the basal diet (control) in lieu of cellulose to become the range of available P (AP) from 0.4% to 0.8% of which diets were designated as control, MHP0.5, MHP1.0, MHP1.5, MHP2.0, and MCP, respectively. Control diet contained fish meal (20%), soybean meal (40%), wheat flour (27%), corn gluten meal (5%), fish oil (2%) and soy oil (2%) as main ingredients. Following a 24 h fasting, 540 fish with a mean body weight of 11.8 g were randomly allotted to 6 groups in triplicate, whereby 18 tanks ($0.4{\times}0.6{\times}0.36cm$, water volume of 66 L) were prepared. The feeding experiment lasted for 8 weeks. Fish group fed the control diet showed the lowest weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency (FE) among treatments. The WG was, however, not significantly different (p>0.05) from that of fish group fed MHP0.5. Fish group fed MHP2.0 showed the highest WG and FE of which values were not significantly different from those of fish groups fed diets MHP1.0 and MHP1.5 as well as MCP (p>0.05) except fish groups fed control and MHP0.5. Aspartate aminotransferase was significantly decreased with an increase in available P, while alanine aminotransferase did not show a significant difference among treatment. The highest inorganic P in plasma was observed in fish fed MHP2.0. From the present results, a second-order regression analysis revealed that the optimal dietary MHP level and the AP requirement were found to be 1.62% and 0.7%, respectively.

토양(土壤)의 생산력증진을 위(爲)한 용성인비(鎔成燐肥)의 효과적인 시용법에(施用法) 관(關)하여 (A Study on the Efficient Use of Fused Phosphate for the Improvement of Upland Soil Productivity)

  • 오왕근;한동욱;이중재
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.53-57
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    • 1972
  • 우리나라 야산(野山)에 널리 발달(發達)된 척박(瘠薄)한 적황색(赤黃色) 토양(土壤)의 인산비옥도(燐酸肥沃度)를 증진(增進)시키는데 미치는 용성인비(熔成燐肥)의 효과를 밝히고저 일개(一個)의 야산(野山) 토양(土壤)을 비옥(肥沃)한 숙전토양(熟田土壤)과 比較(비교) 시험(試驗)(분재배시험(盆栽培試驗))하였으며 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 파종(播種)에 앞서서 시비(施肥)하는 표준량(標準量)의 인산외(燐酸外)에 다량(多量)의 용성인비(熔成燐肥)를 토양전체(土壤全體)에 혼합(混合)하는 일은 산성(酸性)의 척박(瘠薄)한 토양(土壤)을 비옥(肥沃)하게 (유효인산면에서)하여 배추의 수량(收量)을 크게 증가(增加)시켰으며 척박(瘠薄)한 야산토양(野山土壤)의 숙전화(熟田化)도 빨리 되게 할것으로 생각된다. 그러나 용성인비(熔成燐肥)의 이런 효과는 장기간(長期間)에 걸친 포장시험(圃場試驗)을 통(通)하여 경제적(經濟的)으로도 검토(檢討)되어 할것으로 여겨진다. 2. 시험후(試驗後) 토양(土壤)의 묽은 산(酸)에 녹는 인산량(燐酸量)과 배추의 생육양간(生育量間)에는 비교적(比較的) 밀접(密接)한 상관관계(相關關係)가 있다.

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경사지 밭토양에서의 양분유실량 평가 (Assessments of the Nutrient Losses in the Sloped Farm Land)

  • 정필균;엄기철;하상건;장용선;허승오
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제42권Spc호
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    • pp.47-50
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구는 경사지 밭 토양에서의 양분유실로 인한 지표수와 지하수 오염의 주요 요인인 인산과 질소에 대하여 평가하였다. 유실된 토양 중에서 흡착된 인산은 용해되어 천천히 조류들의 영양원으로 이용되고, 물에 용해된 질소와 인산은 부영양화의 주요 요인으로 조류들에 의하여 즉시 영양원으로 이용된다. 질소의 유실은 유실된 총량의 약 90%가 유출수와 침투수에 의하여 유실되고, 인산의 유실은 유실된 총량의 약 60% - 67%가 유실된 토양 입자에 흡착되어 유실되었다. 대체적으로 환경적으로 합리적인 토양 및 물 관리에 의한 적절한 토지이용, 시비관리 및 토양 보전농법은 토양 및 양분유실을 감소시킬 수 있고, 지표수와 지하수의 수질을 개선할 수 있다.

주요 외래잡초의 생태적 특성 및 방제에 관한 연구 1. 조사료 포장에 발생하는 주요 외래잡초의 분포 및 생태적 특성 (Studies on Ecological Characteristics and Control of Exotic Weeds 1. Distribution and ecological characteristics of exotic weeds in forage crop field)

  • 박근제;윤세형;이종경;김영진
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.97-102
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    • 2001
  • This study was carried out to survey the weed distributions in 6 areas(Suwon, Seonghwan, Seosan, Taekwanryeong, Namwon and Yeongam) and to investigate the ecological characteristics of exotic weeds from 1997 to 1999. Total 44 species in 15 families of exotic weds were observed in grassland and forage crop field. Among them 4 species in 1 family were monocotyledonous and 40 species in 14 families were dicotyledonous weeds. Most common species among exotic weeds examined in this study were Rumex acetosella, Rumex crispus. Chenopodium album, Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, Polygonum orientale etc. Inedible weeds with hairs, prickles, fetor or poison were Solanum carolinense Xanthium strumarium, Datura stramnium, Erechtites hieracifolia, Anthemis cotula, Phytolaca americana etc. The relative density of Phytolaca americana increased with decreament of soil pH and content of available phosphate, and that of Solanum carolinense increased with decreament of soil pH and increament of available phosphate. Most of exotic weed seeds germinated well under light condition with $25~30^{\circ}C$, and some of those were hard or dormant seed.

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Study on the of the Correlation between Soil Chemical Properties and Bioactive Compounds of Acer tegmentosum Maxim.

  • Lee, Dong Hwan;Park, Youngki;Hong, Seong Su;Park, Gwang Hun;Kim, Hyun-Jun
    • 한국자원식물학회지
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    • 제34권6호
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    • pp.566-574
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    • 2021
  • This research was carried out to investigate the correlation between soil chemical properties and bioactive compounds of Acer tegmentosum Maxim. The methods of determining bioactive compounds were determined by high performance liquid chromatography, that contained (-)-gallocatechin (0.04±0.01 ~ 0.43±0.28%), salidroside (0.90±0.06 ~ 3.86±0.59%), tyrosol (0.03±0.00 ~ 0.43±0.00%), (-)-catechin (0.05±0.01 ~ 0.37±0.14%), 6'-O-galloylsalidroside (0.02± 0.01 ~ 0.31±0.06%), (-)-epicatechin-gallate (0.01±0.00 ~ 0.04±0.01%). The soil chemical properties analysis such as soil pH, electric conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphate (Avail. P2O5), exchangeable cation and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were performed following the standard manual. The correlation analysis between soil chemical properties and bioactive compounds of A. tegmentosum, soil pH, available phosphate and exchangeable cation (Ca2+ and Mg2+) were negatively correlated with content of salidroside. On the other hand, soil exchangeable cation (Na+) showed positive correlation with content of salidroside. The results of this study was able to investigate the correlation between soil chemical properties and bioactive compounds of A. tegmentosum.