• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.759-767
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• 2021

Most weapons systems that are Force Integration are expensive equipment that reflects the latest technology, and the operation and maintenance cost is increasing continuously. Factors that efficiently operate and maintain these weapon systems include maintenance plans, economic costs, and repair part requirements. Among them, predicting the repair parts requirements during the life cycle in advance is an important way to increase operation and maintenance cost efficiency and operating availability. The start of requirement analysis for repair parts is a calculation of the CSP (CSP: Concurrent Spare parts, CSP hereafter) that is distributed when the weapon system is deployed. The CSP is an essential component of achieving the operating availability during this period because the weapon system aims to successfully perform a given operation mission without resupply for an initial set period. In the present study, the CSP calculation method was analyzed, reflecting the failure rate and operating time of items, but the analyzed CSP was aimed at preparing for technical failure, but in the initial operating environment, it is limited in coping with unexpected failures caused by human error. The failure is not included in the scope of free maintenance and is a serious factor in making the weapon system inoperable during the initial operation period. To prevent the inoperable status of a weapon system, CSP that considers human error is required in the initial operating environment, and the calculation criteria and measures are proposed.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.41-51
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• 2002

The author of the paper investigated the changes of hairstyle along the developments in hairdressing industry in the 20th century. The development process of hairdressing industry was divided into four periods of introduction, origination, growth, and establishment. The corresponding changes of hairstyle were analyzed and the findings are as follows. 1. Hairstyle could be classified into such typical ones as traditional style, cut, bob, wave, permanent wave, up style, and hair coloring. 2. Fashion leaders affected the changes of hairstyle. 3. Whenever hairdressing appliances were introduced, new hairstyle was practiced as follows with the use of the appliances. (1) Introduction Period - Traditional Style : Chignon, pigtail ribbon $\rightarrow$ Variations were designed in hair length or split due to the limited availability of appliances. - Up Style : Pompadour, thick and up hair, encircling hair $\rightarrow$ Padding was used for sweep-up. (2) Origination Period - Bob Style : Women's first bob style. - Wave style : Wave with bob, close-cropped hair, up style $\rightarrow$ Iron, set, permanent devices were used. (3) Development Period - Wave Style : Wind wave, easily manageable wave $\rightarrow$ Blow dry, body permanent were used. (4) Establishment Period - Straight Style : Use of straight permanent. - Thick Wave Style : Development of various kinds of rod. - Hair Coloring : Advent of diverse fashion hair coloring, apart from the coloring of white hair, with the introduction of color TV. - Bob Style : Romantic bob style $^{\circ}\hat{E}$ Use of clippers and thinning scissors. Thus, the changes of hairstyle according to the development in hairdressing industry had close relationship with the improvement in hairdressing appliances.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.80-93
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to recognize about lingerie company's education and pattern-making actual conditions. This study used a questionnaire method. Respondent of survey is designers who work in exist lingerie company. The collected data were statistically processed using SPSS(Statistical Package for Social Science) for technical statistical analysis, correlation analysis. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. Most of lingerie designers educated lingerie design, pattern and textiles etc. after entering a company and satisfaction 57.3% about education has satisfaction of intergrade. 2. Designer's 87.8% has satisfaction more than intergrade about own pattern-making technology and work career is high, satisfaction about pattern-making technology is high. 3. Correlation was expose that is in lingerie education availability and optimum level arrival period of pattern-making ability before entering a company. In case take lingerie education before entering a comany, thought that optimum level arrival period of pattern-making ability is shorter. 4. Most of lingerie company designers used flat pattern-making method and draping method. 5. There is correlation between work career and using the basic pattern. Work career was expose that make and use only own basic pattern in case is more than 3 years. 6. Contents about deepening pattern-making technology are most by 92.2% to contents of lingerie reeducation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.47-56
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• 2019

Although the weapon systems are becoming more diverse and complex, they are progressing in a short development period and a longer test and evaluation period. The more difficult the given environment is, the more efforts and performance of quantitative target values can be made by development agencies to carry out stable projects. However, these target values of the Integrated Logistics Support are not specified in the requirements and being set during the system development phase. In this paper, application of MOEs, MOPs and TPMs for ILS are presented and provided the basis for carrying out systematic Verification & Validation activities. As a result that MOEs of the ILS were chosen as Availability and MOPs as Mission Reliability, Logistics Reliability, Maintainability and Supportability and TPMs as MTBF, MTBCF, MTTR and so on. In particular, it is appropriate tailoring and apply the TPMs considering the cost, schedule, scope of work and characteristics of the project.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 1998

Maintenance scheduling of generators plays an important role in evaluating supply reliability of power systems. Since generators must be maintained and inspected, the generation planner must schedule planned outages during the year. Several factors entering into this scheduling analysis include: seasonal load-demand profile, amount of maintenance, size of the units, elapsed time from last maintenance, and availability of maintenance crew. This paper proposes a new maintenance scheduling algorithm for the alternatives of long-term generation expansion planning by using LOLP levelization method which is known as an effective method for the generator's maintenance scheduling. To get the best supply reliability of power systems, we change the maintenance period to levelize the reliability over all period. The proposed algorithm is applied to a real size power system and the better reliability results are obtained.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.85-90
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• 1991

Weaner heifers were set stocked at 4/ha on a grass-legume pasture in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and either unsupplemented (Control) or for 338 days given daily supplements of one of, rice bran (RB) supplied at 1 kg/animal/d, molasses/urea (MU) or 0.5 RB + 0.5 MU (MURB) the amounts of which were adjusted to give similar energy intakes. There were 20 animals in each treatment. A drought resulted in low pasture availability for about half the supplementation period. The LWG per animal in the MURB treatment was 85 kg above that of the control and this was significantly greater (p < 0.01) than those for MU (62.0 kg) or RB (56.2 kg) although the economics favoured the gains from RB which returned over three times the cost of the supplement. Costs could be reduced by supplementing only at times of maximum undernutrition, but such a strategy is of doubtful value in this situation as there was no compensatory LWG and a similar rate of economic return was maintained throughout the period. The results suggest that additional benefits from the supplementation may be improved reproductive performance and more efficient use of pasture.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.410-417
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• 2006

Generally, the training set of maximum $m{\times}L(m+f)$ patterns in the pattern recognition method is required for the real-time bus reconfiguration strategy when a main transformer fault occurs in the distribution substation. Accordingly, to make the application of pattern recognition method possible, the size of the training set must be reduced as efficient level. This Paper proposes a methodology which obtains the minimized training set by applying the pattern clustering method to load patterns of the main transformers and feeders during selected period and to obtain bus reconfiguration strategy based on it. The MaxMin distance clustering algorithm is adopted as the pattern clustering method. The proposed method reduces greatly the number of load patterns to be trained and obtain the satisfactory pattern matching success rate because that it generates the typical pattern clusters by appling the pattern clustering method to load patterns of the main transformers and feeders during selected period. The proposed strategy is designed and implemented in Visual C++ MFC. Finally, availability and accuracy of the proposed methodology and the design is verified from diversity simulation reviews for typical distribution substation.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.243-249
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical availability of a variety of intraoral local flaps in reconstruction of oral soft tissue defects, Forty patients with oral soft tissue defects were treated by tongue, buccinator, palatal, labial, facial artery musculomucosal, buccal fat pad, and masseter muscle crossover flap. Total 43 intraoral flaps were used to reconstruct a variety of intraoral soft tissue defects, such as oronasal fistula, oroantral fistula, traumatic deformities and other. The age of patients ranged from 7 to 72 years, with mean age of 39.6 years. Follow up period ranged from 2 to 66 months, mean follow up period of 21.6 months. There were 9 complications, of which four were partial necrosis, three infections, one total necrosis, and 1 speech problem. Except for total necrosis, most of the recipient sited healed uneventually without severe morbidity. We consider that a variety of intraoral local flaps can be available for reconstruction of small of moderate large intraoral soft tissue defects.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.39 no.11 s.172
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• pp.923-934
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• 2006

In this study, the effects of variability in climate, groundwater withdrawal, and landuse on dry-weather streamflows were investigated by input sensitivity analysis using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). Since only dry-period precipitation and daily average solar radiation among climate variables have high correlation coefficients to total flow (TF), sensitivity analyses of those were conducted. Furthermore, an equation was derived from simulation results for 30 years by multiple regression analysis. It may be used to estimate effects of various climatic variations (precipitation during the dry period, precipitation during the previous wet period, solar radiation, and maximum temperature). If daily average maximum temperatures increase, TFs during the dry period will decrease. Sensitivities of groundwater withdrawal and landuse were also conducted. Similarly, groundwater withdrawals strongly affect streamflow during the dry period. However, landuse changes (increasing urbanization) within the forested watershed do not appear to significantly affect TF during the dry period. Finally, a combined equation was derived that describes the relationship between the total runoff during the dry period and the climate, groundwater withdrawal and urban area proportion. The proposed equation will be useful to predict the water availability during the dry period in the future since it is dependent upon changes of temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, urban area ratio, and groundwater withdrawal.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.191-215
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• 2009

This study extends the previous research into the effects of knowledge spillovers on innovation and regional exports growth by more clearly distinguishing, both theoretically and empirically, two different types of knowledge spillovers, namely product and market knowledge spillovers. More importantly, this research provides insights on their role of knowledge spillovers in shaping regional innovative activities and, eventually, regional export growths. Furthermore, this research makes an important contribution to the understudied market knowledge spillovers by developing two variables that could be used to assess the flow of market knowledge spillovers at the regional level: localization economies and export consulting advice. Using secondary data on eight 2-digit manufacturing industries in ten New Zealand regions over a seven year period, this research found that regional competition, localization economies and the availability of export consulting advice have positively and significantly impact on the regional export growth in New Zealand.